Noho ʻia ko mākou ʻāina e nā amphibians like ʻole. ʻO kekahi o nā lunamakaʻaka hoihoi loa o kēia papa o nā holoholona trito maʻamaun. He mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi kēia e huikau pinepine ai ka poʻe maʻamau me nā toads a me nā moʻo. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻano ʻokoʻa loa kēia o nā amphibians, ʻaʻohe o lākou mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i nā nūhou maʻamau, ko lākou hiʻohiʻona kūwaho a me ka lawena i loko o kēia paʻi.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Hou Hou
ʻO nā newts maʻamau he ʻelele o kahi papa nui o nā holoholona: "Amphibians". ʻO kēia kahi ʻano o nā newts mai ka genus o nā newts liʻiliʻi, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo kekahi o nā lehulehu a ākea loa ma ka honua. I ka Latin, ua like ka inoa o ka holoholona me "Lissotriton vulgaris". ʻO ka manawa mua kēia ʻano holoholona i ʻike ʻia a wehewehe ʻia e Karl Linnaeus, he kanaka kūlohelohe Kuekene kaulana. A ua hoʻi ia i ka makahiki 1758. ʻO Newts, me nā mea maʻamau, i loaʻa i ko lākou inoa no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ke akua Triton. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēia akua e holo ana i kahi iʻa, i hoʻopulu iki ʻia i nā ʻale o ke kai.
Video: Kaulana Hou
Pehea e ʻike ai a hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka newt maʻamau mai nā amphibian ʻē aʻe? Hiki i kēia ke hana i nā ʻano like ʻole. Liʻiliʻi loa ka mea hou. ʻAʻole lōʻihi kona lōʻihi ma mua o ka ʻumi kenimika. Eia kekahi, i nā kenimika he ʻumi, ʻoi aku i ka hapalua i noho ʻia e ka huelo. ʻO ka ʻili o ia triton he grainy a ʻoluʻolu loa paha, pena ʻia i loko o kahi ʻoliva ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole nā aka brown me nā wahi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. ʻOkoʻa kēia ʻano mai nā ʻohana kokoke loa o nā mea hou e ke kū ʻana o nā kaha lonikū ma ke poʻo o kahi kala ʻeleʻele, aia ma nā ʻaoʻao.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻo ka newt maʻamau, ʻoiai kona ʻano uʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi, weliweli ia i nā holoholona he nui. Hū ka ʻili o kēia amphibian i kahi lāʻau make make. ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ka mea i nā kānaka, akā no ka nui o nā holoholona pumehana hiki ke lilo i mea make. ʻO ia mau lāʻau ʻino e aneane pau koke i nā platelet i loko o ke koko, e alakaʻi ai i ka hopu ʻia o ka naʻau.
ʻO kahi newt maʻamau kahi mea liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole capricious a unpretentious. Kaulana loa ia me nā aquarist, no laila mālama pinepine ʻia ia ma ka home. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka mālama ʻana i kēlā holoholona i ka home. ʻO ka hana nui a ke kanaka e hana a mālama i nā kūlana kūpono: ke kukui, ka lepo, hoʻopiha a me ka nui o ka terrarium, meaʻai. Ke hāʻawi nei i nā kūlana kūpono, e hiki i ke kanaka ke loaʻa kahi pipi maikaʻi e ola no nā makahiki he iwakālua.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Newt ma ka wai
ʻO ka newt maʻamau he mau ʻano kūwaho kūwaho.
- liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia holoholona i nā kenimika he ʻumi - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. He ʻumi kenimika - ke lawe nei kēia i ka huelo, ʻo ia ka hapa o ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi;
- laumania, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa - ka ʻiliʻili mānoanoa. Hiki ke kala i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻili, ʻoliva. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū ma mua o ka hope: melemele a ʻalani ʻalani paha. Aia nā kiko ʻeleʻele i ke kino a me nā kaha ʻeleʻele i nā ʻaoʻao ma ke poʻo;
- lālā maikaʻi i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia. ʻEhā mau wāwae o ka newt o ka lōʻihi like. He ʻekolu a ʻehā mau manamana wāwae paha o ka wāwae mua, a he ʻelima ko ka lua o hope. ʻAe ʻo Paws i kēia holoholona e ʻauʻau maikaʻi, neʻe a puni ka waihona wai me ka pilikia ʻole. Ma ka ʻāina, holo ʻē iki nā mea hou;
- maikaʻi ʻole ka maka, akā maikaʻi ke honi. Hiki i nā mākua ke hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou mea pio i ʻelua haneli mau mika ka mamao;
- niho niho. Aia lākou i ka lani i nā lālani like ʻelua. Hoʻololi iki nā niho i kahi kihi iki. Kōkua kēia hoʻonohonoho o nā niho i ka holoholona e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka mea i hoʻomake ʻia i loko o kona waha.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: he ʻano ʻokoʻa kā nā newts maʻamau - hiki iā lākou ke hoʻihoʻi piha i kā lākou mea i loko, nā maka a i ʻole nā lālā nalowale.
Ma hea e noho ai ka newt maʻamau?
Kiʻi: Newt maʻamau i ke kūlohelohe
Kūpono nā ulu lāʻau deciduous i hoʻohui ʻia no ke ola no ka newt maʻamau. Noho kēia mau holoholona, hānai ʻia i loko o ke kino kū ʻole a i ʻole nā kino wai lohi. Ma ka ʻāina e peʻe ai lākou i nā laʻalāʻau, hiki ke loaʻa i nā pāka, nā māla, nā kāʻei ulu lāʻau. Hōʻalo ʻia nā wahi ākea. ʻO ka newt maʻamau kahi mea ola maʻamau. Noho kokoke ia ma nā wahi āpau. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa wale nō kekahi o nā panalāʻau: Crimea, France hema, Pokukala, Antarctica, Sepania. Pili ka nohona kūlohelohe i nā ʻāpana o ka newt maʻamau.
Aia ʻehiku mau ʻāpana:
- Areic. Noho ma Greece, Makedonia, Albania a me Bulgaria;
- ʻO Triton ʻo Schmidtler. Hiki ke loaʻa wale ma Turkey komohana;
- ʻO Ampelny. Kāhea ʻia ka hua waina. He pali haʻahaʻa kona, e noho ana ma ke komohana ʻākau o Romania;
- ʻO Cosswig's Triton. He kamaʻāina ʻo ia no Turkey. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ia holoholona ma ke komohana hema;
- ʻO Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris. He ʻano nominative kēia. ʻO ka mea maʻamau. ʻO kona wahi kūlohelohe e moe ana mai ʻIlani a hiki i Siberia komohana. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa o ia holoholona he pali dorsal kiʻekiʻe, kahi kihi o ka huelo;
- Newt huina hapa hou. ʻO Slovenia kona wahi kūlohelohe, ma ka ʻākau o ʻItalia, ka hema o Palani;
- Triton Lanza. Noho ma ka hema o Rūsia, ka ʻākau o Armenia, ʻAzerbaijan a me Georgia.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka newt maʻamau, e ʻike kāua e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka mea hou?
Kiʻi: Newt ma Lūkia
ʻO nā mea hou maʻamau he mau mea liʻiliʻi akā agile loa. He ʻauʻau kai maikaʻi lākou, he maʻalahi ko lākou mau wāwae, he manamana lima ko lākou, e hiki ai iā lākou ke neʻe wikiwiki ma lalo o ke kolamu wai ma lalo o ka waihona wai me ka pilikia ʻole. ʻAneʻane mau ka ʻimi ʻana o kēia mau keiki. Hiki iā lākou ke mālama me ka mea pio wikiwiki, a me ko lākou ʻano ʻala e ʻae iā lākou e pilau ia a hiki i nā haneli mau mika ka mamao. Hoʻohui ʻia, he waha ikaika ko nā newts maʻamau me nā lālani o nā niho ʻelua. Me kāna kōkua, paʻa maʻalahi ka holoholona i ka mea pio.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi kāne mai kahi wahine o kahi mea hou. I nā manawa maʻamau, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa wale nō ka nui o ka holoholona. Nui aʻe ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, akā ʻo kēia nō naʻe he ʻike maʻalea. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā o ka moena, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wahine. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia kahi kualapa ma ke kua o nā kāne.
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka newt maʻamau:
- crustaceans;
- nā larva o nā pepelu a me nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe;
- caviar iʻa;
- keiki hānai;
- slug a me nā ʻenuhe;
- larva nalo;
- nā mites pale kaua;
- centipedes.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi loa ka ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka makemake o nā newts i ka wai. Ma ka ʻāina, ʻai liʻiliʻi lākou. Eia kekahi, i loko o ka wai, kokoke ʻeiwa kanaiwa pākēneka ko lākou ʻōpū i piha me ka wai, a ma ka ʻāina - kanaonokumamālima wale nō pākēneka. Ma ka home, ʻokoʻa iki ka papaʻai o nā holoholona. ʻAi ʻia ia ʻano amphibians me nā ʻenuhe honua, nā ʻokoke, a me nā ʻōkomo aquarium.
Eia nō naʻe, pono e mālama a hānai pono i nā mea hou. Ma kahi kikoʻī, ʻaʻole e kau ke one a pōhaku liʻiliʻi paha i ka terrarium. ʻOiai e ʻai nei, hiki i ka holoholona ke ale i kahi palaoa a laila aia kahi kiʻekiʻe loa e make ka newt mai ka ālai ʻana o ka ʻōpū.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Newt maʻamau mai ka Red Book
ʻO nā newts maʻamau o nā mākua nā wai a me nā pae ʻāina. Loaʻa iā lākou nā gills a me nā akemāmā e hōʻoluʻolu ai lākou ma ka ʻāina a me ka wai. Kōkua kēia waiwai kūlohelohe i kēia mau holoholona e ola i ka wā maloʻo ke maloʻo ka waihona wai. Ma ka laulā, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nohona o kahi newt maʻamau i ʻelua mau hanana: ka hoʻoilo, ke kauwela. I ka hoʻoilo, e haʻahaʻa loa ka hana o nā ʻano salamander. Hibernate ʻo Newts ma ka ʻāina, e ʻimi nei i kahi puʻuhonua ma mua.
ʻOiai kahi paila maʻalahi o nā lau e kūpono no kahi newt maʻamau. Akā ʻo ka koho ʻoi aku kahi lua i haʻalele ʻia. ʻO ka pinepine, hibernate nā mea hou me kā lākou poʻe huakaʻi. Hoʻonui ka overwintering i kahi hui i nā manawa o nā holoholona i ke ola. Hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o kanakolu mau mākua i kahi hui. Ke hāʻule ka mahana anuanu ma lalo o ka ʻole, paʻa ka hau i ka newts, hoʻopau loa i ka neʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Kakaikahi ka poʻe i ʻike he pōmaikaʻi nui nā kānaka hou. Pepehi kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi i nā makika. ʻAi lākou iā lāua ʻelua i ka pae larval a i ka wā makua.
I ka pūnāwai, ʻoiai ma nā mahana ma lalo o ʻelima kekelē Celsius, ala aʻe nā mea hou ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana a hoʻi i ka wai. Anuanu ke anuanu o ka wai i kēia manawa, akā ʻae maikaʻi nā newts i kēia mahana. I ke kauwela, hana nā mea hou i ka pō. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka mālamalama mālamalama, hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻole ʻia lākou i ka wela. I ke ao, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēlā holoholona i ka ua wale nō. ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, noho nā mea hou i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, aia i kēlā me kēia mea ma kahi o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau mākua.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Newt ma lalo o ka wai
ʻO ka hoʻomaka o ke kau moʻo e kūlike me ka manawa o ka haʻalele ʻana i nā hale hoʻoilo. Ke neʻe hou nā mea hou i loko o ka wai i ka puna, hoʻomaka koke nā pāʻani moena hana. I nā waihona, ke kāne a me ka wahine e hele mālie i kekahi i kekahi, ʻauʻau pū. I kēia manawa, hoʻāʻo ka lunamakaʻāinana o ka moekolohe ikaika e paʻi ikaika i kāna ipo me kāna huelo. Ma hope o kekahi mau pāʻani, pili like nā holoholona.
Lōʻihi ka wā hānau. I kēia manawa, hiki i ka wahine wahine hou ke waiho i nā hua he nui loa. I kekahi manawa aia ko lākou helu i nā haneli a hiki i nā ʻāpana he ʻehiku haneli. Mākaʻi pono ka wahine i kēlā me kēia palapala hōʻike kau. Kau ʻo ia iā ia i ka lau o kahi mea kanu i hoʻohuʻu ʻia i ka wai a pelu iā ia. I kēia ala, hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi ʻeke. I loko o ia mea, e pale pono ʻia nā keiki o ka wā e hiki mai ana, no ka mea ua paʻa paʻa ka pepa pelu ma muli o ka ʻili o ka hua manu.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ke oʻo ʻana o nā testicle e kū wale ma hope o ʻumikūmālima mau lā. A laila kū mai nā larvae me kahi huelo mai iā lākou. Ma kahi o ʻehiku mile ka lōʻihi o ka larva. ʻO ka lā mua o kona ola, ʻaʻole ʻai ka larva a hoʻāʻo nō hoʻi e hōʻike ʻole i nā ākea. I ka lua o ka lā hāmama kona waha, ʻae iā ia e hoʻomaka e ʻai. Ma hope o ʻekolu mau pule, he mau wāwae ko ka larva, a ma hope o ʻelua a me ka hapa mau mahina, lilo ka larva i newt mau no nā mākua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: i nā wahi me kahi aniau mehana, i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lā, loaʻa piha i nā lūlū ke ʻano o nā mākua. I ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka nohona kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe manawa o ka larva e hele ai i nā pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, no laila ke hoʻoilo nei lākou me nā gills o waho.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā mea hou
Kiʻi: Newt ma Lūkia
ʻO nā mea hou maʻamau he liʻiliʻi a aneane pale ʻole i nā mea ola. Loaʻa iā lākou ka helu ola kiʻekiʻe loa i ka pio wale nō. Ma ka home, hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke hōʻea i iwakāluakūmāwalu makahiki me ka pilikia ʻole. ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke loaʻa kahi mākua o kēia au i ka nāhelehele. ʻO ka awelika ke ola o ke pio ʻana i nā newts he ʻumikūmāhā mau makahiki wale nō. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu no ka ʻokoʻa nui ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi nui o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe.
Ke kali nei ka nui o nā ʻenemi o nā newts i ka wai. ʻAʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea, nui ka manawa o kēia mau amphibians i nā kino wai. ʻAneʻane ʻo nā ʻano holoholona āpau e noho ana i nā kino wai ʻaʻole i makemake i ka pāʻina ʻana i nā mea hou.
ʻO nā ʻenemi ʻinoʻino loa:
- ʻohana aʻe. ʻOiai ka pilina pololei, ʻai nā mea hou i nā mea liʻiliʻi. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā newa crested i kēia;
- rana. He poʻe hahai holoholona maikaʻi nā Amphibians. No lākou, he mea maʻalahi nā newts;
- iʻa. ʻO Perch, Pike, Carp a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe he nui i hōʻeha i nā amphibians makua a i ʻole ʻahaʻaina ma kā lākou larvae;
- nahesa a me na moonihoawa. Hopu hewa lākou i nā mea hou ʻike ʻole ʻia a ale ʻia iā lākou a puni loa;
- manu a me kekahi mau holoholona e noho ana ma ka ʻāina. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā mea hou ma ka honua. Akā inā lākou e hele ma laila, lilo lākou i mea maʻalahi no kekahi mau holoholona a me nā manu, no ka mea ma ka honua nei he palaka loa nā newts. ʻAʻole lākou e kūʻē i ka ʻahaʻaina ʻana i nā voles wai, nā ʻāhinahina hina, nā mallard.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole palekana nā mea hou āpau. Nui nā ʻāpana i loaʻa i ka ʻili ʻona loa. ʻO kahi laʻana, aia ka newt melemele-bellied i kāna mau uhi i ka nui o ka lāʻau make e like me ka lawa o ka make ʻana i nā rodents liʻiliʻi he iwakāluakūmālima tausani.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Hou Hou
Loaʻa i nā newts maʻamau kahi helu momona kiʻekiʻe. I hoʻokahi kau moʻo, hiki i nā wahine ke hoʻomoe ma kahi o ʻehiku haneli hua. I ka hapanui o nā wahi o ka nohona kūlohelohe, ʻae kēia waiwai i nā holoholona e mālama i kahi pae paʻa paʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka momona nui i kekahi mau panalāʻau ke hoʻopakele i ke kūlana a i kēia mau lā i nā ʻāina he nui ua emi loa ka heluna kanaka o ka newt hou.
He aha ke kumu no ka emi nui o ka helu o kēia mau amphibians?
Nui nā mea nui:
- pōkole ke ola. I ka noho pio ʻana, ʻaʻole ola ka newt ma mua o ʻumikūmāhā mau makahiki. Nui nā kumu no kēia. ʻO nā mea nui loa ka nele i ka meaʻai, nā maloʻo a me ka nāwaliwali i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Liʻiliʻi loa nā mea hou, ʻaʻole ikaika loa, maikaʻi ʻole ka maka o ka ʻāina. Mālama maʻalahi kēia mau mea a pau iā lākou;
- haumia o nā kino wai. ʻO ka wai lepo, kahi ʻōpala nui loa - hoʻonele kēia mau mea i nā holoholona i ko lākou home a me ka meaʻai;
- nā hoʻololi kūlohelohe a me ke anilā i kekahi mau wahi o ka nohona kūlohelohe. Hoʻopau ʻia nā waihona wai he nui a nalo mālie. Hoʻopilikia iki ka loli i ka heluna kanaka hou. Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia kēia mau holoholona i ka wela.
Ka pale ʻana i nā mea hou
Kiʻi: Newt maʻamau mai ka Red Book
ʻO ka newt maʻamau kahi mea liʻiliʻi akā pono loa. Kōkua ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka helu o nā makika. ʻAi kēia mau amphibians i nā makika, me nā mea weliweli loa no nā kānaka - malaria. I kēia lā, ua emi nui ka heluna o kēia mau holoholona pono, keu hoʻi i kekahi mau wahi. Wahi a nā ʻepekema, nui nā mea i hoʻohuli i kēia, akā ʻo ka nui o ka haumia o nā kino wai a me ke kaiapuni i kapa ʻia ka mea nui.
Ma muli o ka emi nui o ka helu o nā mea hou, ua hui pū ʻia lākou me nā puke ʻikepili ʻulaʻula a Azerbaijan a me Lūkia. I Kuikilana, Pelekane Nui, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano laha ʻole. I Kuikilana, ua emi ka helu o nā mea hou ma muli o ke kahe nui o nā kino wai. Wahi a nā helu kūhelu, ma kahi o kanahiku pākēneka o nā kino wai a puni ka ʻāina i hoʻokahe ʻia. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻemi ʻia ka helu o nā amphibians e nā manawa ʻehā. A ua nui ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā holoholona i kahi manawa pōkole loa e pili nui ana ka ʻepekema.
Eia kekahi, aia ka mea hou i kēia lā ma lalo o ka pale o ka Berne Convention. He amphibians hoʻonui pono nā Newts. E mālama a hoʻihoʻi i ko lākou lehulehu, pono e pale i nā kino wai e kū nei, pale i nā mea kanu a puni lākou a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana kaiaola i nā wahi pilikia.
Newt hou - kekahi o nā ʻelele liʻiliʻi loa o kona ʻohana. He holoholona nani kēia i hāʻawi ʻia mai me kahi mana kūikawā e noho ʻelua i ka wai a i ka ʻāina.ʻO nā mea hou o kēia ʻano he pōmaikaʻi nui i nā kānaka, e luku ana i nā makika weliweli a me kā lākou larvae. I kēia lā, pono ka nānā hou i nā mea hou, no ka mea, ke emi nei ko lākou helu i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Lā o ka paʻi ʻia: 07/19/2019
Lā hou: 25.09.2019 ma 21:41
