Kamenka - he manu liʻiliʻi, akā ikaika loa a hoihoi hoʻi. Aia ʻo ia i ka lewa i nā manawa āpau, hana i nā ʻano paʻakikī a hiki ke hele pū me nā poʻe no nā hola. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻomanawanui - i kēlā me kēia makahiki hele ʻo ia i nā wahi hema no ka hoʻoilo, lele nui i kahi mamao. I ka puna, hoʻi ia i ka ʻākau i ke ala like, a hiki i nā kapuahi ke noho a hiki i Greenland.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Kamenka
Ua ʻike ʻia nā manu mua ma kahi o 160 miliona mau makahiki BC, ko lākou kūpuna he archosaurs - nā mea kolo i noho aliʻi ma luna o ka honua i kēlā manawa. ʻAʻole i hoʻokūpaʻa pono ʻia ʻo wai o nā archosaurs lele ʻole i hāpai i ka lele ʻana, a laila i nā manu; hiki i kēia mau pseudo-likeians, thecodonts a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, a me nā ʻano like ʻole paha.
I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa nā mea liʻiliʻi loa e ʻike i ka ulu mua o nā manu. ʻAʻole nō i ʻike ʻia ka "manu mua". Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Archeopteryx, akā i kēia manawa aia kahi ʻike ākea ākea he ʻano ma hope aku ia, a aia paha he mau ʻano kokoke i nā archosaurs lele ʻole.
Video: Kamenka
He ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa nā holoholona kahiko mai nā au o kēia au: ua loli lākou i loko o nā miliona o ka makahiki, ua ulu ka like ʻole o nā laha, ua kūkulu hou ʻia ko lākou iwi iwi a me ko lākou kino. Ua hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā lā hou o 40-60 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei - ma hope o ka make ʻana o Cretaceous-Paleogene. A laila hoʻomaka nā manu e noho aliʻi i ka lewa, ʻo ia ke kumu i loli ai ka loli. ʻO Passerines, kahi nona ke kapuahi, i kū like i ka manawa like. Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia kaʻawale he ʻōpio loa, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia nā mōʻalihaku kahiko loa i ʻike ʻia ma Oligocene - ʻaʻole lākou i ʻoi aku ma mua o 20-30 miliona mau makahiki.
Eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa nā mōʻalihaku passerine kahiko ma nā ʻāina o ka hemisphere hema. Ua alakaʻi kēia i nā paleoanthologists i ka hopena ua ala lākou i ka wanaʻao, ma hope koke iho o ka luku ʻia ʻana o Cretaceous-Paleogene, akā ʻaʻole i lele i nā ʻāinapuniʻole o ka hemisphere ʻĀkau no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ma muli o kā lākou neʻe ʻana, ua nui nā poʻe passerine i nalowale i kā lākou mau kaiaolaola maʻamau.
Ua loaʻa ka moʻomeheu Kamenka (Oenanthe) i ka wehewehe ʻepekema i ka makahiki 1816, na L.J. Veljo. Ua wehewehe ʻia ma mua ke ʻano o ka umu ahi maʻamau - i ka makahiki 1758 e K. Linnaeus, kona inoa ma ka Lākina ʻo Oenanthe oenanthe.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Manu Kamenka
He manu liʻiliʻi kēia, ʻo kona lōʻihi ma kahi o 15 kenimika, a ʻo kona kaumaha ma kahi o 25 gram. He akahai nō hoʻi kona ʻūheu - 30 knm. Lahilahi nā wāwae o ke kapuahi, ʻeleʻele, a lōʻihi nā wāwae. I ka hānai hānau ʻana, pena ʻia ka piko o ke kāne i nā kani hina, he ocher ka umauma, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, a ʻeleʻele nā ʻeheu.
Ma muli o nā kaha ʻeleʻele i ka maka o ka manu, manaʻo ʻia e komo ana i kahi mask. He kala like ko nā wahine, akā paler, hina hina ko lākou kino luna, a ʻo ko lākou mau ʻeheu hoʻi kokoke i ka brown ma mua o ka ʻeleʻele, a ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka pale maka ma ka maka. ʻO nā wahine wahine e ʻulaʻula, e like me nā kāne, akā ʻike maopopo ʻia ka hapa nui.
I ka hāʻule, hina hina hou nā manu, a aneane pau nā wahine a me nā kāne i ka ʻokoʻa i kekahi i kekahi - a hiki i ka puna aʻe. Maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kapuahi i ka lele: ʻike maopopo ʻia ke keʻokeʻo ka hapanui o kona huelo, akā ma ka hopena he ʻano ʻeleʻele T kona ʻano. Hoʻohui ʻia, kū i waho kāna lele - lele ka manu ma kahi ala helehele, me he mea lā e hulahula ana i ka lani.
ʻIke hoihoi: I ke kau moʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ke mele nani o nā ʻuwī - kani lākou a ʻāwī, a hoʻohālike i kekahi manu i kekahi manawa. Nui ka leo a me ka leo o ka hīmeni no kahi manu liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻohe leo a ʻano kolohe paha i loko. Makemake nui lākou e hīmeni pololei i ka lele, a i ʻole e noho ana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe - e laʻa me ka piko o kahi pōhaku.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka manu wheaten. E ʻike kāua i kona wahi e noho ai a me kāna mea e ʻai ai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka mea hoʻomehana?
Kiʻi: Hoʻomehana maʻamau
Nui ka wahi noho o ka wheatear, eia hoʻi, lele ia i ka hoʻoilo, i hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā panalāʻau ʻelua kahi e pūnana ai a me nā wahi e hibernates ai.
Pūnana mehana:
- ma ʻEulopa;
- ma Siberia;
- ma ka akau o Kanada;
- ma Alaska;
- i Kamchatka;
- ma Greenland.
No ka hoʻoilo lele lākou i ka hema - ʻo ʻApelika ʻAkau paha kēia, ʻo ʻIrani a i ʻole ka ʻAlapia ʻAlapia. Lele kēlā me kēia heluna kanaka i kāna ala ponoʻī, a ma kēia kumu e māhelehele ʻia ai nā ʻohana kai e noho ana ma ka ʻĀkau o Kanada a me ʻĀkia, ʻoiai pili lākou i ka ʻāina.
Hele mua nā mea hoʻomehana Kanada ma ka hikina a hiki i ʻEulopa. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaha ʻana ma laila, hele lākou i kahi huakaʻi ʻelua - i ʻApelika. Akā lele nā kapuahi mai ʻĀkia a i ʻAsia a, ke kāpae ʻana i Siberia Hikina a me ʻAsia Waena, a ʻo ka hopena hoʻi ma ʻApelika.
ʻO ke ala no lākou ua lōʻihi aku ka lōʻihi, uhi lākou i mau mile he mau mile. Akā hōʻoia kēia i ka hele ʻana mai o kēia mau manu i ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ma nā ʻano like ʻole - malia paha, ua neʻe ka heluna kanaka e noho ana ma Alaska mai ʻAsia a i ʻole ʻEulopa, e neʻe ana i ka hikina, a ua lele ka heluna kanaka e noho ana ma Kanada mai ʻEulopa a i ke komohana.
Lele nā mea hoʻomehana ʻEulopa a me Siberian i Saudi Arabia a me ʻIrana no ka hoʻoilo - ʻaʻole lōʻihi ko lākou ala, akā uhi lākou i kahi mamao. Pono nā hoʻolele hoʻoilo i ka nui o ka hoʻomanawanui, keu hoʻi no nā lele ma ʻō a ma ʻaneʻi, a ʻo kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi ua piha lākou. Makemake lākou e noho i nā wahi ākea: ʻaʻole lākou makemake i nā ululāʻau a noho ʻole i loko o ia mau mea - pono lākou e lele mau, a no laila ʻaʻole makemake nā teritori i ulu nui ʻia me nā lāʻau. Hoʻokomo pinepine lākou ma nā pōhaku kokoke i nā kula, kahi e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai na lākou. Aloha lākou e noho i nā kuahiwi a i waena o nā puʻu.
Ua kapa ʻia lākou he kamenki no ka mea pinepine hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau manu i waena o nā pōhaku. He mea nui ia no lākou e noho kokoke i kahi wai wai - hiki i kahi loko, loko, kahawai, a i ʻole kahe kahawai - akā he mea nui ia e hiki koke ʻoe i laila. Noho lākou i nā wao akua, nā pali kahawai, nā puʻu lepo, nā wahi hānai a me nā ʻūlū. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonohonoho kokoke i nā poʻe, akā i ka manawa like makemake lākou e noho kaʻawale, a no laila koho lākou i nā kahua kūkulu haʻalele ʻia, nā panalāʻau o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, nā hale kūʻai nui a me nā mea like - kēlā mau wahi kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ke kapuahi ma ʻEulopa holoʻokoʻa, mai ke kai Kaiwaenahonua a hiki i Scandinavia - ʻo kēia wale nō nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana flycatcher e manaʻo nui nei i ke aniau o ʻAkau ʻEulopa, a ma Greenland hoʻi. Ma ʻAsia, noho lākou i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Siberia a me Mongolia, a me nā wahi e pili ana ʻo Kina.
He aha ka mea e hoʻomehana ai?
Kiʻi: Kamenka ma Lūkia
Hopu a ʻai nui lākou:
- lele;
- ʻenuhe;
- nahenahe;
- ʻūhini;
- punawelewele;
- Zhukov;
- earwigs;
- ilo:
- makika;
- a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kēia kā lākou papa kuhikuhi i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, a i ke kauwela, ke oʻo nā hua, hauʻoli ka poʻe hoʻomehana iā lākou me ka leʻaleʻa. Makemake nui lākou i nā blackberry a me nā raspberry, lehu mauna, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā hua liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Inā ua ke anilā, a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule aia he ʻai liʻiliʻi, ʻai lākou i nā hua. Hiki i nā kapuahi ke hopu i ka mea pio i ka lewa, no ka laʻana, nā nalo e lele ana a me nā butterflies, akā hana pinepine lākou i ka honua. Nānā lākou i nā mea kolo a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe i nā wahi kahi emi pinepine ka mauʻu; hiki iā lākou ke ʻohi me kā lākou mau wāwae a haehae paha i ka honua no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ilo a me nā nalo.
Alualu ʻole ke kapuahi - nui ka ikaika o ka umu, a ke lele mau nei ia. ʻOiai ʻo ia e noho i lalo e hoʻomaha ai i kahi laʻalāʻau a i kahi pōhaku nui paha, nānā mau ʻo ia i ke kūlana a, inā lele kahi pīpī e like me ka maʻalahi, a inā ʻike ʻo ia i kahi ʻūhini i ka mauʻu kokoke iā ia, holo wikiwiki ʻo ia ma hope o ka mea pio.
Hiki iā ia ke lālau iā ia me kona mau wāwae a i ʻole me ka nuku paha, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kūlana. I kekahi manawa kau pono ia i ka lewa no kekona kekona a nānā pono i nā wahi a puni, e ʻimi ana i kekahi e neʻe ana i ka mauʻu a i ʻole ka lepo. Ke ʻike ʻo ia i ke pio, holo wikiwiki ʻo ia i ona lā. No kona nui, he manu manu nui ka wheatear, no ka mea fussy a hoʻomaha ʻole - lele mau, hoʻolilo ka nui o ka ikehu, a no laila pono e hānai pinepine ʻia. No laila, hoʻolilo ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o ka lā e ʻimi ai i nā pio - ʻoiai ke lele wale a lele ʻo ia i ka lewa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Manu Kamenka
He manu ikaika ka Kamenka; aia i ka lewa i nā manawa āpau a i ʻole lele i ka honua. Pololei kēlā - ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hele wāwae i ka ʻili wale nō, a no laila lele i kēlā me kēia wahi, kahi kūpono loa i kona ʻano hectic. ʻEleu i ke ao, hoʻomaha i ka pō.
I ka manawa mua, hiki ke kuhihewa ka mea hoʻomehana no kahi manu aloha no kona hauʻoli a me nā pirouette e hana ai i ka lewa. Akā ʻaʻole kēia ma nā hihia āpau: huhū loa ia a komo i nā hakakā me nā congeners a me nā manu ʻē aʻe o nā nui like. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine hiki kēia ma muli o ka hiki ʻole i nā manu ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka mea pio.
Komo ʻelua mau mea hoʻomehana i kahi hakakā me ka maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻohana i ko lākou nuku a me nā wāwae, a hoʻokau i nā ʻeha ʻeha kekahi i kekahi. Akā nā manu ʻē aʻe, kahi e hiki ai i ka mea hoʻomehana ke hoʻouka, ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻano hakakā a makemake pinepine lākou e lele - a hiki iā ia ke alualu iā lākou no kekahi manawa. Noho kaʻawale ka wheatear a inā he manu ʻē aʻe ma kahi kokoke, hiki i kēia ke hoʻonāukiuki. Ke hoʻonāukiuki a huhū ʻo ia, hoʻomaka pinepine ʻo ia e hili i kona poʻo a hoʻoluliluli i kāna huelo, e ʻuā paha ʻo ia mai kēlā me kēia manawa.
Inā mālama ʻole ʻia kāna ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka e kipaku aku i ka "mea hoʻouka kaua" nāna i ālai iā ia mai ka leʻaleʻa mehameha. Hana ʻo ia i kēia i nā poʻe āpau i lele i loko o ka panalāʻau āna i manaʻo ai nona ponoʻī - a hiki i kēia ke lilo i wahi ākea, pinepine ia i 4-5 kilomika ke anawaena.
He manu akahele a makaʻala ʻo Kamenka, no laila ʻaʻole ia e ʻaʻa iki ma luna o ia mea - makemake ʻia e koho i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe nona iho, kahi e ʻike maopopo ʻia ai nā mea e hana nei a puni, a e nānā i ke kūlana. Inā hoʻolaha i nā pio, a laila e holo wikiwiki iā ia, a inā he predator, e wikiwiki e hūnā iā ia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa i ka mamao o ka lele hoʻoilo - hiki i ka mea hoʻomehana ke uhi iā 14,000 mau kilomita, a i ka wā o ka lele e hoʻonui i kahi wikiwiki - 40-50 km / h.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Kamenka i ke kūlohelohe
Noho wale nā mea hoʻomehana, noho kēlā me kēia i kāna ʻāina ponoʻī ʻaʻole e ʻae i kekahi ʻohana a manu ʻē aʻe paha e komo i loko. Inā kū kahi manu manu nui ma kahi kokoke, pono ia e haʻalele i kona home a nānā i kahi ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole makemake nui nā mea hoʻomehana i ka hui a makemake e noho i nā wahi mālie.
Hoʻohui pū lākou i ka wā hānau wale nō. Hele mai ia ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā kapuahi mai ka hoʻoilo. I ka mua, hōʻea nā kāne wale nō - i nā ʻaoʻao hema ʻoi loa i kēia i ka mua o ʻApelila, i ke kūkulu ʻākau - i ka hopena o ka mahina a i Mei paha. He mau pule ʻelua paha ka nānā ʻana o nā manu a loaʻa i kahi no ka pūnana, a ʻo ka mea nui loa - e ʻike i kahi pālua. I kēia manawa, hana nā kāne i ke keu ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka lewa a hīmeni me ka leo nui, e hoʻāʻo nei e huki i nā wahine iā lākou iho. I ka manawa like, polygamous nā kāne, a ʻoiai ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kahi pālua, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻāʻo e ʻumeʻume i kahi wahine ʻē aʻe.
I kekahi manawa kūleʻa kēia, a noho ʻelua i ka pūnana hoʻokahi i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻoiai ʻo ka hana pinepine ʻia o nā pūnana ʻokoʻa. Hele pono nā manu i kā lākou kūkulu pono ʻana, nānā lākou i kahi maikaʻi loa no ka manawa lōʻihi, koho i nā mea a huki pono iā ia - no laila, pono lākou e ʻohiʻohi i ka nui o ka lauoho a me ka hulu hipa. He mea nui aia ka pūnana ma kahi paʻakikī a hiki i kahi inconspicuous wahi. He haku maoli nā kapuahi i ka hoʻowalewale ʻana, paʻakikī ka ʻike ʻana i ko lākou mau pūnana mai kahi kokoke mai, inā ʻoe e ʻimi kikoʻī - a aneane hiki ʻole ke loaʻa wale.
Aia nā pūnana i loko o nā kaumaha: hiki i kēia mau mea ke haki ma waena o nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā paia, a i ʻole nā lua i haʻalele ʻia. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi o ke ʻano, hiki i nā kapuahi ke ʻeli i kahi lua iā lākou - a hohonu loa. ʻO ka pūnana ponoʻī nā mauʻu maloʻo, nā aʻa, ka hulu hipa, nā limu a me nā mea like ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua he 4-8 o ka hue polū pale, i kekahi manawa me nā kiko ʻalani. Hāʻule nā hopohopo nui i kāna mahele: pili ʻo ia i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua, a ma ka manawa like pono e mālama i kāna meaʻai. I ka manawa like, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka masonry i ka manawa liʻiliʻi loa, ke ʻole ka makaʻu e hoʻopau ʻia ia.
Inā hōʻeha kekahi predator i kahi pūnana, pale pinepine ia iā ia a hiki i ka hope loa, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻohe ona manawa kūʻē iā ia, a lilo ʻo ia iā ia iho i mea pio. Akā inā holo pono nā mea āpau, a laila ma hope o ʻelua mau pule o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, hatch the chicks. I ka manawa mua ʻaʻohe o lākou kōkua, a hiki wale iā lākou ke noi i ka mea ʻai. Hānai nā mākua ʻelua iā lākou, ʻelua paha pule ka lōʻihi - huki ʻia lākou e nā nalo a me nā makika. A laila pono i nā moa e kiʻi i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī, akā noho lākou me ko lākou mau mākua a haʻalele lākou i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻOiai ʻo nā mea hoʻomehana e noho nei i kahi ʻano mehana, ma ke Kaiwaenahonua, mālama ʻelua manawa i ke kau mahana, a laila hoʻomaka kā lāua mau keiki mua e noho kaʻawale i ka wā ma mua. Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo mua, e hoʻi ana i nā pūnaewele pūnana, ke kūkulu nei nā ʻōpio ʻoi i kā lākou pūnana ponoʻī. Noho lākou ma ka awelika 6-8 makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka mea hoʻomehana
Kiʻi: Manu Kamenka
E like me nā manu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, he nui nā ʻenemi o ke kapuahi. Hoʻoweliweli nui ʻia ka poʻe mākua e nā manu ʻē aʻe a me nā mea nui aʻe. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā lawaiʻa, nā ʻalā, nā ʻaeto, ke lele aku iā lākou. Hiki i kēia mau mea ʻino ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe a loaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana manaʻo hoʻomohala maikaʻi, no laila paʻakikī loa i ka umu e hūnā mai iā lākou.
Ke ʻike pono lākou i kahi mea ʻino nui, hoʻāʻo koke lākou e lele aku, me ka manaʻolana ʻaʻole ʻo ia e alualu iā lākou. ʻO ke ola mehameha, ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, he kuleana maikaʻi - hoʻāʻo pinepine nā mea hōkai e ʻimi holoholona kahi e lele ai nā manu liʻiliʻi i nā hipa, no laila maʻalahi ka hopu ʻana i kekahi. Akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā ua nānā ka predator i ka wheatear, a laila liʻiliʻi ka manawa o ka haʻalele ʻana - ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻohe manu ʻē aʻe ma ia wahi, a e kau ana kona mau manaʻo āpau i hoʻokahi mea pio. Ke kali nei ka weliweli i nā kapuahi i ka lewa, a ke hoʻomaha lākou, noho lākou ma luna o kahi pōhaku a lālā paha.
Hiki i nā manu liʻiliʻi ke luku i nā pūnana o ka wheatears - no ka laʻana, ʻo nā moa, nā jays a me nā mopy e hānai i nā moa a ʻai i nā hua. ʻOiai ke loaʻa ʻana iā lākou ma kahi o ka hewa, he paʻakikī i ka mea hoʻomehana e pale aku, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui a me ka ikaika. Nui loa ka ikaika o nā moa: ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻino mau i nā pūnana o nā manu ʻē aʻe no ka meaʻai.
No nā moa a me nā hua manu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoʻoweliweli ma mua o nā manu makua: ʻo kēia hoʻi nā rodents a me nā felines. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā squirrels a me martens ke hoʻopau i nā pūnana o nā mea hoʻomehana. ʻO nā moʻo, e like me ka moonihoawa a i ʻole, ʻaʻole ʻae i ka ʻahaʻaina ʻana i nā hua manu, a i ʻole nā moa o ka mea hoʻomehana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Kamenka ma Rossiisever
ʻOiai nā mea hoʻoweliweli i helu ʻia ma mua, hānau hou nā wheats a ola kūpono, no laila ke kiʻekiʻe o ko lākou heluna kanaka. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā manu maʻamau, inā wale nō no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e noho i nā ʻohana hipa, a noho kēlā me kēia i kāna wahi ponoʻī - a he ʻuʻuku ka nui o nā manu ʻāina.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mea hoʻomehana maʻamau kekahi o nā ʻano worrisome liʻiliʻi loa. Pili ka mea like i ka hapa nui o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka genus, e laʻa me ka huelo keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele-piebald, wao akua, a pēlā aku. Kūleʻa kā lākou ʻāpana hāʻawi, a me ka heluna kanaka, a hiki i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli iā lākou. ʻAʻohe kuhi kūpono o ka heluna kanaka, ʻike wale ʻia ka ʻikepili no kekahi mau ʻāina, ka hapanui ma ʻEulopa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Italia aia ma kahi o 200-350 tausani mau waikahe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he ʻokoʻa ʻo ʻEulopa - ʻo ka heluna nui o kēia mau manu i loko o ia mea e ʻikea nei ke emi nei.
ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka mākaukau kūpono o nā hakahaka e ke kanaka, a aia ka liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hakahaka no ka mea hoʻomehana. Pono ʻo ia e noho ma kahi kokoke i nā hale o ke kanaka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻaʻole makaʻu ka poʻe o ke kapuahi i ka poʻe - ʻike ʻia lākou no ka hele pinepine ʻana i ka poʻe huakaʻi. Hiki i ka mea hoʻomehana ke lele i nā mile he ʻumi ma hope o ke kanaka a hoʻokipa iā ia i nā manawa āpau ma ke ala, e hana ana i nā pōʻai a hana i nā kiʻi like ʻole i ka lewa.
ʻO kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi a ʻano ʻino ʻole hoʻi, akā ʻo nā manu pugnacious kahi ʻāpana nui o ke ʻano o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hema. Kamenka ʻaʻole hiki iki ke hana ʻino, koe wale nō e hiki iā ia ke ʻūlū i kekahi mau hua i loko o ka māla, akā kau mau ia ma kahi mamao mai ka ʻāina mahi a ʻai i nā mea kolo. Kaulana no ka hoʻomanawanui i hōʻike ʻia i ka wā o nā lele hoʻoilo.
Lā paʻi: 17.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/25/2019 ma 21:01
