ʻO ka titon polū maʻamau, i kapa ʻia he titmouse liʻiliʻi, pena ʻia i ka lani polū a me ka melemele huali. I ka hana ʻepekema Linnaean "Systema Naturae" ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia luna o ka passerine i ka inoa ʻo Cyanistes caeruleus.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Manu titon polū manu
ʻO ka tit blue, e like me ka inoa o kēia manu nahele, i wehewehe ʻia e ka biologist Swiss ʻo Konrad Gesner i ka makahiki 1555 ma ke ʻano ʻo Parus caeruleus, kahi o ka huaʻōlelo mua i kapa ʻia "titmouse" a ʻo ka lua ʻo "azulele" a "azure" paha. ʻO ka inoa hou - Cyanistes mai ka Greek Greek kuanos, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka polū ʻulaʻula.
Ua loaʻa nā koena kahiko o tits ma Hungary a hoʻi hou i ka Pliocene. Ua hoʻokaʻawale nā kūpuna o ka tit blue mai ka lālā nui o nā tits a he subgenus o kēia ʻohana. ʻEiwa mau lunamakaʻāinana i like me nā ʻano morphological, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻāpana, he ʻokoʻa iki ko lākou ʻano a me ke ʻano, a me nā ʻano noho ʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana polū ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, kahi e loaʻa ai nā lunamaka o nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i nā panalāʻau liʻiliʻi.
Video: ʻO ka Tit Blue Blue
ʻO kahi pili pili o ka tit polū ka ʻāpana polū ʻApelika Cyanistes teneriffae. Noho ʻo ia i nā mokupuni ʻo Canary a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke kapakai ʻApelika. Hoʻonohonoho kekahi mau loea i kēia mau ʻelele i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, ʻoiai he hiʻohiʻona ko lākou i nā genetics, i ke ʻano o ke ola a me ke mele. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole pane kēia ʻano tits i nā kāhea o kona mau hoa Cyanistes caeruleus. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā subspecies ultramarinus transitional ma waena o ka Eurasian nui a me Canarian.
Noho ka tit tit blue ma nā wahi āpau mai ka subarctic a i ke kāʻei subtropical o ʻEulopa a me ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ʻAsia. Ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka laulā, kahi i loaʻa ai kahi titmouse ʻē aʻe - keʻokeʻo, hybrids i kapa ʻia he blue tit a Pleske tit paha.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Eurasian blue tit, a polū tit
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia ʻano titmouse ma mua o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo nā polū polū ka liʻiliʻi, e laʻa me nā muscovite. ʻO ka nui o ke kino he 12 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻo ka ʻēheu he 18 cm, ke kaumaha ma kahi o 11 g. He manu liʻiliʻi ko nā manu, akā, he nuku ʻeleʻele me ka huelo pōkole. Hinahina-polū nā wāwae a ʻeleʻele nā maka i nā maka.
ʻO ka poʻo o ke poʻo, he uliuli polū, keʻokeʻo ka lae a me ka ʻipiput. Ma lalo o ke poʻo e kani ai me kahi kaha ʻeleʻele uliuli, e hoʻomaka ana ma ka nuku, e hele i ka laina o ka maka. Ma ka hope o ke poʻo, hoʻonui kēia laina a iho i ke kumu o ka ʻāʻī. E iho i lalo kahi kaula o ke kala like mai ka nuku, a laila holo ma ka laina o ka ʻāʻī, e pili ana i ka hope o ke poʻo, e pili ana i nā papalina keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ka nape, ka huelo a me nā ʻeheu, he uliuli, a he waihoʻoluʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele ka hope, ʻokoʻa paha kēlā me kēia kanaka, e hilinaʻi ana i nā ʻāpana a me kahi e noho ai. He kala melemele hohonu ko ka ʻōpū me ka laina waena pouli. ʻO ke kumu o ka tit polū ke kuleana no ka kala melemele o ka plumage. Inā loaʻa i ka papa kuhikuhi nui nā ʻenuhe melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka pigmen carotene, a laila māʻona ke kala melemele.
ʻO nā poʻo o nā peʻa ʻēheu e keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, kahi e hana ai i kahi ʻāpana transverse e kūʻē i ka polū. ʻOi ke keʻokeʻo o nā wahine, akā ʻike iki ka ʻokoʻa. ʻOi aku ka melemele o ka ʻōpio polū, me ka ʻole o ka pāpale uliuli, a he hina hina ko ka polū.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻekahi uliuli?
Kiʻi: Blue Tit ma Lūkia
Ua noho ka manu polū ʻulaʻula ma loko o ʻEulopa, koe wale nō kēlā mau ʻāpana ʻākau kahi ʻaʻohe ulu lāʻau. I ka hema, ʻo ka panalāʻau o ka mahele e uhi ana i ka ʻākau komohana o ʻApelika, ʻo nā Canaries, ma ʻAsia e hōʻea i nā ʻĀkau o Suria, ʻIraka, ʻIrana.
Makemake kēia mau manu ʻālohilohi i nā ulu lāʻau deciduous, kahi e manaʻo like ai lākou, ma ka ulu lāʻau a ma nā kapa, ma kapa o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai. ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau, makemake ʻo ia i nā ulu lāʻau ʻoka a me birch, nā wao nahele, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā lākou i nā ulu lāʻau.
I nā wahi maloʻo, makemake lākou e noho i nā kahawai kahawai a me nā kahakai. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ka tit tit i nā kūlana o ke kaona, noho maʻalahi i nā pāka a me nā pā ulu lāʻau, nā pā, nā māla, e hāʻawi ana i ka makemake i kēlā mau wahi kahi o nā kumu hollow kahiko.
ʻO nā ululāʻau Broadleaf kahi home no ka manu polū ma ʻApelika, no ka hapanui, he mau ʻano ʻoka kēia.
- Pukikī;
- mea haʻahaʻa;
- pōhaku.
I Libya a me Morocco, noho ia i nā ulu lāʻau kedera a me nā mānoanoa juniper. Noho nā mokupuni mokupuni mai ke Kaiwaenahonua i nā mānoanoa o ka waihona a me ka lā pāma. ʻO nā biotopes punahele ma nā ʻāina ʻĀkia: ʻoka, pine, ulu lāʻau kedera.
ʻO ka loa o ka hema o ka ʻāina, ʻo ka kiʻekiʻe ke loaʻa ka tit polū i nā kuahiwi.
- ʻO nā kuahu i kahi o 1.7 tausani m;
- ʻO Pyrenees a i 1.8 miliona m;
- ʻO Caucasus a i 3.5 mano m;
- Zagros a i 2 tausani m.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka tit tit polū. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka tit tit polū?
Kiʻi: Blue Tit
ʻO kahi manu liʻiliʻi he pōmaikaʻi nui, e luku ana i nā mea ulu lāʻau. Hana nā pepelu i 4/5 o kāna papaʻai. I kēlā me kēia wahi, hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i kekahi kau e parasitizes i nā mea kanu, he mau mea kolo liʻiliʻi loa kēia a me kā lākou larvae, spider, ticks, aphids.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻaʻole hopu ka tit tit Blue i nā kolo i ka lewa, akā hōʻiliʻili iā lākou ma ke kumu a me nā lālā, ʻano liʻiliʻi iki i ka honua.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka manawa o ka makahiki a me ka pōʻaiapuni o nā kolo, hiki i nā ʻano o ka papa kuhikuhi ke loli. No laila i ka pūnāwai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā larvae, ʻo ka arachnids ka meaʻai nui. I ka hoʻoilo, huki lākou mai lalo o ka ʻili o nā kolo a me kā lākou mau pupae, i hūnā no ka hoʻoilo, no ka laʻana, ka butterfly huelo gula.
I ke kauwela, ma kā lākou papa kuhikuhi:
- ʻūlū pua nāhelehele;
- ʻenuhe kēpau gipo;
- ʻenuhe kele lau;
- sawflies;
- minera moth chestnut;
- pulelehua huluhulu lāʻau;
- naonao;
- lele;
- centipedes;
- arachnids;
- hemiptera;
- ʻēheu retina.
Ikaika loa lākou i ka luku ʻana i nā aphids. Nānā pono nā manu i nā lālā ma ka lālā no ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi pio hou. Mālama lākou e kau i nā wēlau loa i lalo, e ʻoki ana i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi. I ke kau anuanu, ke ʻaʻohe nā kolo, hele ka tit tit e kanu i nā meaʻai, me nā ʻanoano a me nā hua.
No ka hapa nui, eia nā ʻanoʻano:
- birch;
- paopao;
- ʻai;
- nā lāʻau paina;
- ʻoka;
- maple;
- ʻumiʻumi.
Hōʻiliʻili nā manu i nā hua mai nā mauʻu e pili mai ana mai lalo o ka hau, e ʻimi nei i nā mea hoʻoilo hoʻoilo i nā kumu. I ka hopena o ke kau anuanu, hoʻomaka ka hapa nui o ka papaʻai e noho ʻia e ka pollen a me nā aniani mai nā pōpoki o willow, alder, willow, a me aspen.
ʻO nā mea hoihoi: ʻO ke kaupaona, ke ʻano o ke kino, ka ʻeheu, ka huelo a me nā wāwae o ka tit blue e kōkua maʻalahi iā ia e hoʻopaʻa i nā wēlau o nā lālā, nā lau a i nā kau pipi e kau ana.
Ua makemake lākou e hele mai e ʻai i nā mea hānai, i kau ʻia e ka poʻe i loko o nā pāka, nā hale kau wela, nā māla, kahi e ʻai ai lākou i nā ʻanoʻano pua pua, nā palaoa, nā puaʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Manu titon polū manu
He manu dexterous a hoʻomaha ʻole ka polona tit, lele luhi lākou me ka luhi ʻole i nā lālā, e ʻimi mālie ana no ka meaʻai. Wikiwiki hoʻi kā lākou lele ʻana, he wavy i ke kumu, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻeheu e holo wikiwiki nei. Ke kau nei mai nā lālā, hana nā birdie i nā somersaults acrobatic, e hōʻike ana i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā neʻe.
Noho nā mākua, a ke ola nei ka tit tit polū ma ka awelika o 4.5 mau makahiki, he noho maʻa mau. Ke ʻimi nei nā ʻōpio i nā wahi a puni, e ʻimi ana i nā panalāʻau hou, akā he kākaʻikahi ka noho ʻana ma nā wahi hou i ka polū tit.
Loaʻa i ka Blue tit kahi palette momona o nā kani ma mua o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana tit. ʻO kēia kahi hana hou ʻana o "qi" i puana ʻia, ka leo like sonorous trill, chirping, chirping ke pili aku me nā manu ʻē aʻe i kahi ʻohana.
I ka pūnana ʻana, nānā ka tit tit i kahi hollow, akā i kekahi manawa hoʻohana lākou i nā mea hakahaka o haʻi, a i kekahi manawa noho lākou i nā wahi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia: nā pahu leta, nā pale a me nā hōʻailona alanui. I kekahi mau wahi, hoʻohana lākou i nā lua a me nā lua i nā ʻōpala. Komo wiwo ʻole kēia mau tits i ke kaua me nā ʻano nui o ka ʻohana, ke pale nei i ko lākou wahi noho.
I loko o ka hollow, inā ʻaʻole lawa ka laulā, a palupalu ka wahie, popopo, hiki i ka tit tit blue ke ʻako a hemo i nā lāʻau ʻoi aku. I loko, kūkulu ʻia kahi pūnana poepoe mai ka ʻili, ka mauʻu, ka hipa, ka hulu, ka limu. Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ka pūnana manu i ka hopena o Malaki a ma mua o nā lā mua o ʻApelila. ʻElua paha pule kēia. I loko o ka hapa mua o ka lā, ʻohiʻohi ka tit tit polū a lawe mai i nā mea a lele a hiki i ka hollow me ia i hoʻokahi hola a kanakolu mau manawa.
Hiki i kāna pūnana ʻeono kenimika ka mānoanoa o ka pā. ʻO nā lau maloʻo o ka mauʻu, horsetail, lauoho o nā holoholona hihiu a me nā holoholona, i lalo a me nā hulu o nā manu like ʻole, ka limu, ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā mea āpau a maikaʻi ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mehana. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau ʻia ka flyhole o ka tit tit blue me ka pūnana ponoʻī, i ka manawa e ulu ai nā pēpē, e like me ka manaʻo.
ʻIke hoihoi: Ua ʻike nā naturalists mai UK i ka hū ʻana o nā ʻūlū polū i nā pahu waiū a ʻai i ke koena o ia mea. Ua maʻa lākou i kēia meaʻai mai ka mea maʻamau ka waiho ʻana o ka waiū ma ka puka o ka hale.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: He titite polū ʻelua
Makemake kēia mau titmouses liʻiliʻi e hui pū i nā hipa, i hiki ke ʻike ʻia a puni nā mea hānai i ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole nā lālā o ka hawthorn, lehu mauna, kahi a lākou e ʻimi pū nei i nā meaʻai. I ka mahina hope o ka hoʻoilo, hemo kēia mau pūʻulu, nānā nā kāne a ʻike ʻia me ka ʻāina. Hoʻomaka lākou e pale aku iā ia, e hōʻike ana i ka huhū i nā kāne kāne polū ʻē aʻe.
Pāhoihoi nā pāʻani moena o kēia mau manu:
- lele lele:
- lawe kiʻekiʻe;
- ke kau nei me nā ʻeheu ākea a me ka huelo;
- luʻu wikiwiki.
I kēia manawa, hoʻāʻo nā kāne e ʻike i nā mea nui aʻe, hāpai i ka hulu ma ke kua o ko lākou poʻo, e hana ana i kahi piko, e hoʻoulu, e hoʻonā i nā hulu i ko lākou mau ʻeheu a me ka huelo, e hana i kahi hulahula ma ka honua. Ma hope o ko lāua hui ʻana me kā lāua hoa, ua kūpaʻa mau nā kāne iā ia, a ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi pālua hou e kahakaha ʻia ana e nā mele hui.
I ʻApelila, hoʻomaka nā kāne e nānā i kahi pūnana a kūkulu i kahi pūnana. Aia kēlā wahi ma luna o ʻelua mau mika, ʻaʻole pono ke anawaena o ka taphole ma mua o 30 knm ke anawaena, a i ʻole e kolo nā manu nui aʻe a me nā mea ʻino i loko ona.
I Mei, hoʻomoe ʻia nā hua, hiki i ka lālau ke lilo i mau hua he 6 - 12, i nā ululāʻau deciduous o ʻEulopa, waiho ʻia kahi helu nui aku - a i 13 - 14 mau hua. Inā nui ka paʻa i ka lima, manaʻo paha ia e hoʻohana ana ʻelua wahine i ka pūnana. I nā ululāʻau huikau a me nā conifers i ka pūnana, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 7 mau ʻāpana, i nā pāka o ke kūlanakauhale ua emi ka helu.
ʻO nā hua keʻokeʻo me nā peʻapeʻa buffy ma kahi o 16 mm ka lōʻihi a me 12 mm ākea, ke kaupaona ma ka awelika 0.9 - 11 g. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i ka paʻa no 2 mau pule, a loaʻa ka mea ʻai a ka hoa i kēia manawa i kēlā me kēia hapalua hola. Inā hoʻoholo ka makuahine e hele e ʻimi i nā meaʻai nāna iho, a laila uhi pono ʻo ia i ka moe ʻana. Ke makaʻu nei ka pūnana, hoʻāʻo wiwo ʻole ka wahine e pale iā ia, ʻoiai e kani nā manu a kani paha iā lākou.
Hānau hānai ʻia nā ʻōpala ʻōlohelohe, i kekahi manawa ua lōʻihi kēia manawa no kekahi mau lā. I kēia manawa, pale ʻole lākou a uhi ka makuahine mālama iā lākou me kona kino, a mālama ka makuakāne i ka meaʻai. I hoʻokahi pule ma hope, lele luhi nā mākua ʻelua e ʻimi no nā mea kolo e hānai i nā keiki ulu.
I ʻekolu mau pule, ua heʻe nā keiki moa a haʻalele i ka home makua, hiki kēia i ka hapa mua o Iulai. No 7 - 10 mau lā hou, hoʻomau ka hānai ʻana o nā mākua i nā moa. I kekahi mau wahi, hana nā manu i ʻelua mau paʻa i kēlā me kēia kau, a laila kūʻokoʻa ka nalu ʻelua o nā keiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻAukake.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka uliuli tit
Kiʻi: Blue tit i ka lele ʻana
No nā ʻenemi tit polū, ʻo ka mea mua, nā manu lele: nā ʻio, nā pueo. ʻOiai kahi jay maʻamau a i ʻole kahi starling liʻiliʻi hiki ke hōʻino i ka pūnana o kahi tit polū, ʻahaʻaina i nā hua manu a i ʻole nā pēpē pale ʻole.
Hiki i nā ʻelele liʻiliʻi o nā mustelid ke komo i loko o ka lua o kahi titmouse, akā ʻaʻole kūlike ko lākou wahi noho me nā polū polū. Hiki i nā wīwī liʻiliʻi ke komo wale i loko o ka hollow a hoʻopau i ka hua holoʻokoʻa. Nā mea nui aku: ʻaʻole hiki i nā martens ke komo i loko o ka lua o ka puka, akā hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi no nā pēpē i hele wale mai ka pūnana mai a hiki ʻole ke lele maikaʻi.
I nā pāka o ke kūlanakauhale, nā māla, ma nā wahi i kua o ka hale, paʻa ka tit tit i nā pōpoki. Hiki i nā koʻokoʻo, nā hina a me nā ʻulaʻula ke noho i kahi puha, i ʻai ʻia me nā hua, inā ʻae ka lua e hana pēlā.
Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻano ʻino maikaʻi ʻole i nā ʻenemi o ke kani. Inā i Mei a me Iulai, i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana i nā moa, aia kahi ua anu, a laila ʻo ka meaʻai nui - nā ʻenuhe, ʻike iki ʻia. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana i nā keiki olakino no nā polū polū i loko o ia ʻano.
I nā pūnana pūnana manu i loaʻa. Pāpilikia nui ʻia nā tit polū mākua me lākou ma hope o nā moa i kupu aʻe e ulu aʻe. Pale kēia i nā manu mai ka hana ʻana i ka lālau ʻelua.
Mea hoihoi: ua ʻike nā kiaʻi manu i nā ʻūlū polū i hoʻomoe i nā hua manu i ka manawa ʻelua i kiola iā lākou no ka nui o nā ʻutu a me nā parasite ʻē aʻe, a ua hōʻiliʻili kēlā manawa i nā helu he nui i ka pūnana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻO ka tit blue polū, ʻo ia pūnana polū
Noho ʻo Blue Tit i nā wahi a pau o ʻEulopa me ke aniau a me ke aniau o ke Kaiwaenahonua, aia wale nō ia ma Iceland a me ka ʻĀkau ʻo Scottish, a ma ka ʻākau hoʻi o Scandinavia, Pinilana a me Lūkia. ʻO ka palena ʻākau o ka wahi e holo ana ma 67, e neʻe nei i ka 65th kaulike, e hoʻokokoke ana i nā kaha hikina o ka palena i nā Ural, e iho ana i 62 ° N. sh. I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua loaʻa kēia ʻano titmouses i ka wahi ulu lāʻau hema o Western Siberia. He home ia, e like me nā kuhi paʻakikī, a hiki i 45 miliona mau manu.
Ma ʻAsia, loaʻa ka ʻano Cyanistes caeruleus ma ʻIraka, ʻIrana, Ioredane, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Lebanona, a me Suria. Ma ʻApelika - ma Morocco, Libya, Tunisia. Aia kekahi piʻi i luna i ka helu o kēia mau manu nani ma nā wahi āpau.
Noho mau kēia mau titmouses ma nā wahi hema. I ke kūkulu ʻākau, i ke kau anuanu, neʻe lākou i nā wahi mehana - i ka hema a i ke komohana paha, i nā kuahiwi, me ke anuanu, e iho kokoke nā manu i nā awāwa. Pili kēlā mau neʻe me ke kū a me ka ʻole o kahi waihona meaʻai lawa. Eia kekahi, hoʻoilo ka hoʻoilo hau i ka huakaʻi lōʻihi.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻo ka tit tit Blue o nā mokupuni Pelekane he mea lele iki ma mua o 30 km, a ʻo kēlā mau kānaka i loaʻa ma loko o ke kahakai ʻo Baletika hiki ke hana i kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi, a hōʻea i nā kapakai hema o ke Kaiwaenahonua, i ka huakaʻi ʻana i ʻelua tausani kilomita. Hoʻomaka kēlā mau neʻe kau i ka hopena o Kepakemapa.
Loiloi ka puke ʻulaʻula i kēia ʻano manu ma ke ʻano he mea e hopohopo iki ai, me ka ʻano hoʻonui. Polū polū me ka ʻōpū melemele tit polū he mea hoʻonani o nā ululāʻau a me nā māla. ʻAi aku kēia limahana luhi ʻole i nā mea nui o ka make i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma mua o nā manu ʻē aʻe. E huki iā lākou i kāu māla a me nā pā hale, hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i nā mea hānai a me nā pahu pūnana me kahi puka liʻiliʻi no ka lua.
Lā paʻi: 17.07.2019
Lā hou: 25.09.2019 ma 20:55
