Maliʻa paha, kamaʻāina ka poʻe he nui i ka iʻa pālahalaha kūwaho ʻōhumu, ʻo ia, ma waho o kāna kumu, kaulana pū kekahi no ka ʻono maikaʻi loa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, mai kona ʻano pālahalaha, hiki i kekahi ke koho he ola pono ia ma ka lalo, akā ʻike kakaikahi ka poʻe e pili ana i kona ola i ka hohonu o ka wai. E hoʻokalakupua i nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho o kēia iʻa kū hoʻokahi, e wehewehe i kāna ʻano a me kāna ʻano, a e ʻike i nā wahi mau o ka heʻe ʻana o ka flounder.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Flounder
ʻO ka ʻohana flounder kahi papa o nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia no ke kauoha flounder. Kapa ʻia kēia iʻa he flounder ʻaoʻao ʻākau, no ka mea Aia ko lākou mau maka ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke poʻo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi ʻano iʻa e kahi ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ʻākau (ʻaoʻao hikiwawe). ʻO nā peʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka ʻōpū flounder he symmetrical piha a he kumu hāiki. ʻO ka ʻohana flounder he 60 ʻano iʻa, i hui pū ʻia ma 23 genera.
Wikiō: Flounder
I loko nō o ka loaʻa o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i kāna mau ʻano ponoʻī, aia nō nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i nā flounders āpau, loaʻa iā lākou:
- kino pālahalaha nui;
- maka maka paʻa me kahi ʻano kuha. Hiki i ko lākou neʻe ke multidirectional a kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa kekahi i kekahi.
- poʻo asymmetrical ʻokoʻa;
- laina kūwaena aia ma waena o nā maka;
- waha kekee a me nā niho ʻoi loa;
- nā peʻa elongated me nā kukuna he nui;
- ʻaoʻao makapō māmā, i uhi ʻia me ka ʻili huluhulu a ʻeleʻele hoʻi;
- peduncle caudal pōkole.
ʻAʻohe o kahi momona momona o nā hua Flounder, no laila neʻe manuahi lākou i ke kolamu wai (ʻauʻau), i kekahi manawa e hoʻomohala i ka papa luna. ʻElima wale nō ʻano mai ka ʻohana flounder holoʻokoʻa hua i lalo.
Mea hoihoi: he kālena kūikawā kā Flatfish no ka camouflage, i hōʻike ʻia iā ia iho i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kala o ka ʻili e kūlike i ka papa o lalo, i kēia mea e pili ana i ka mimicry, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokūkū me nā chameleons.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he nui nā ʻano like ʻole o nā iʻa o nā wahine ʻokoʻa i waena o lākou iho. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka mamao ma waena o nā maka, a ʻo kā lākou mau kukuna mua o ka dorsal a me nā fector pectoral ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Flounder iʻa
Ua ʻike mua mākou e ʻike ʻia nā lunamaka o ka ʻohana flounder e kahi kino i pālahalaha ʻia, a hiki ke loaʻa ke ʻano o kahi rhombus a i ʻole he oval, ua pili kēia kaomi nui a me ka pālahalaha ʻana i ka ola o lalo. He mea maʻamau ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā pāholo āpau i nā wai o ka muliwai, kahi i makemake ai i nā wai hou, a me nā kai, nā mea i wae i nā wai paʻakai.
Hōʻike ʻia ka flounder muliwai e ʻekolu mau ʻano:
- flounder like ke ʻano hōkū me nā maka ʻaoʻao hema. Hiki i ke kala o kēia iʻa ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele a i ʻole brownish, me nā ākea ʻeleʻele ākea e ʻike ʻia ma nā lola. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻaoʻao ocular e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pā stikate spiked. Ma ka awelika, hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka iʻa i ka hapalua mika a ʻoi iki paha, a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau kilokika;
- polar flounder, ʻano e ke kūʻē anuanu, kahi kino oval elongated a me kahi kala ʻalani brown monochromatic, he lilina ʻulaʻula kā nā palaki;
- ʻO Kalkan Sea Sea, he mau maka maka kona ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke kino a puni, i uhi ʻia me nā spines tuberous ma ka maka o ke kino. ʻO ke kala e hoʻomalu ʻia e ka leo brownish-ʻoliva. Nui ka nui o nā iʻa, ʻoi aku i ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi mika, a hiki ke kaumaha i 20 kg.
Kūleʻa ka nui o nā flounders moana i ka nui, ke kala, ke ʻano a me ka wahi o nā maka.
Aia i waena o lākou nā:
- ʻōhumu kai, kahi ʻano e kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka laulā me nā ʻalani a me nā ʻulaʻula. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa ke piʻi i kahi mika, a ʻo ke kaumaha he 6 - 7 kilokilo. Hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka mimicry ma waena o kēia ʻano;
- flounder-finned flounder, aloha i ke anuanu aniau, me ke kino poepoe, a ka palena e ka yellowish-gula fin. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka iʻa ma mua o ka hapalua mika, a ʻo kona kaumaha ma kahi o ka kilo. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano e ke alo o nā unahi me nā ʻoka liʻiliʻi;
- ʻo ka flounder keʻokeʻo ʻākau a me ka hema o ka ʻaoʻao o lalo a hiki i ka hapalua mika ka nui. Mai ka ʻaoʻao o nā maka, pena ʻia ka iʻa i ka waihoʻoluʻu waiū, a ma kahi o nā maka e ʻike ʻia ai kahi ʻalani brownish a brownish paha. Hoʻohanohano ʻia kēia flounder e kahi forked, arcuate lateral line;
- halibuts, he ʻelima mau ʻano. Hiki i nā mea nui loa i 4.5 mau mika ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma kahi o 350 kg. ʻO ka halibut-toothed halibut ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 8 kg, a ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi mai 70 a 80 cm.
Ua lohe ka poʻe he nui e pili ana i ka holo o ka Hikina Hikina, akā ʻaʻole ia he ʻano, akā he inoa hui e hoʻohui e pili ana he ʻumi mau ʻano ʻokoʻa.
Mea hoihoi: ʻo Halibuts ka mea nui o ka flounder. Noho kēia mau pilikua ma ka moana ʻAkelanika a me ka Pākīpika a he ʻāʻihi lōʻihi lākou i hiki ke ola no ka hapalua kenekulia i ka hohonu o ka wai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka flounder?
Kiʻi: Flounder i Lūkia
Noho nā ʻano flounder like ʻole i nā ʻano wai āpau, e hoʻāʻo e ʻike kikoʻī i kahi o kēia a me kēlā ʻano. ʻO ka flounder like me ka hōkū i noho i ka wai ʻākau o ka Moana Pākīpika, e noho ana i ke kai ʻo Bering, Okhotsk, Chukchi a me Iapana. ʻO nā iʻa o kēia ʻano, makemake i ka wai hou, noho i ke kahawai i lalo, nā lagoon a me nā kai kūʻono. Ua koho ka Moana ʻĀina Kalkan i ka Moana ʻAkelanika ʻĀkau a me nā wai o ka Moana ʻEleʻele, Kaiwaenahonua a me Baletika. Ma waho aʻe o nā wahi kai, hiki ke loaʻa ke kalkan ma ka Dnieper, Dniester, ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka Bug i ka Hema, ma ka waha o ka Don.
ʻO Polar flounder, ke aloha nei i kahi ani anuanu, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia i loko o ke Kara, Bering, Okhotsk, Barents, Kai keʻokeʻo. Noho ka iʻa aloha anuanu i Ob, Karu, Yenisei. ʻO Tuguru, kahi āna e makemake ai e noho i ka lepo palupalu. Hiki i ka flounder kai maʻamau ke noho i loko o ka wai paʻakai a paʻakai liʻiliʻi hoʻi ma nā hohonu mai 20 a 200 mau mika. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano pāʻoihana a noho ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka ʻAkelanika, ma ka Barents, Baltic, Mediterranean, Sea White. ʻO kahi kamaʻāina maʻamau o nā kapakai o Primorye hiki ke kapa ʻia he flounder keʻokeʻo hema, a nāna nō i koho i ke kai Kepanī, Kamchatka, Okhotsk a me Bering.
Hiki ke loaʻa ka flounder Yellowfin i nā wai o ke kai o Iapana, ʻo Bering a me Okhotsk, kahi i pālahalaha nui ʻia. Noho ka hapa nui o kēia iʻa kokoke iā Sakhalin a me ke kapakai o Kamchatka komohana, kahi e pili ai ka pālahalaha i kahi hohonu mai 15 a 80 mau mika a makemake i ka lalo i uhi ʻia me ke one. Ua koho ʻo Halibuts i ka ʻAkelanika, loaʻa i nā hohonu hohonu o ka Moana ʻĀkau, noho i ka Moana Pākīpika, me nā panalāʻau o Iapana, Okhotsk, Barents a me nā kai Bering.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka maʻalahi biological a me ka nui o nā ʻano flounder i ʻae iā lākou e noho malū ma ke kahakai holoʻokoʻa o Eurasia a noho i nā kai o loko.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka flounder. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a flounder?
Kiʻi: Flounder Sea ʻeleʻele
He ʻokoʻa loa ka papa kuhikuhi flounder; hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia iʻa he predator. Hiki i kēia mau iʻa pālahalaha ke hōʻike i ka hana hānai i ka pō, i ka pō ʻana o ka pō, a i ke ao, pili ia i ke ʻano o kekahi ʻano. Hōʻike ʻia ka papa iʻa e ka meaʻai holoholona.
ʻAi ʻo Young flounder:
- benthos;
- amphipods;
- ilo
- larva;
- kaviara;
- crustaceans;
- plankton.
ʻAi ka iʻa makua:
- ophiur;
- nā ʻano echinodermia āpau;
- ilo:
- invertebrates;
- iʻa liʻiliʻi;
- crustaceans.
Ua ʻike ʻia ke aloha wale nei ʻo flounders i nā capelin liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōpae. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke poʻo o ka iʻa i kahi kūlana ʻaoʻao, ua hoʻololi nā flounders i ka deftly gnaw liʻiliʻi i nā mollusks mai ka honua e noho ana i ka muliwai a i ʻole kai kai. ʻAʻole nā pūpū pāpaʻi mānoanoa a me nā pūpū ikaika i mea keakea no ka flounder, no ka mea he mana a ikaika kona mau ā. Makemake ka flounder e haʻalele i kona puʻuhonua palekana, no laila maʻa mau ua lawa nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e ʻauʻau kokoke iā ia.
Mea hoihoi: ʻike ka poʻe lawaiʻa he haʻalele iki ka flounder i kona wahi hūnā, no laila, i mea e hāʻule ai i ka makau a huli ke nānā i ka maunu, pono e wili pono iā ia i ka ihu o ka iʻa, no laila ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hopu ʻana iā ia.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he waiwai nui kaʻiʻo flounder, i ka hapa nui, ma muli o ke kaulike a me ka nui o nā protein i loko o ka iʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Kahe i ke kai
ʻO ke kumu, alakaʻi nā floosit āpau i kahi ola i lalo loa. I nā ʻōlelo no nā camouflage, he ʻoihana pono ʻole lākou. Hoʻoponopono piha i ka ʻāina puni (mimicry hiki). Hoʻolilo lākou i ka liona o kā lākou manawa iʻa i loko o kahi moku i lalo a i ʻole i ka hohonu o ka lepo, e kanu ana iā lākou iho i nā maka ponoʻī. Kōkua kēia i ka ʻike maka ʻole ʻia e nā mea ʻino nui a hopu pono i ka mea pio mai kahi hoʻohālua iʻa.
I ka nānā mua ʻana, he palaka paha ka flounder, lele mālie ia ma luna o ka honua i nā neʻe ʻole o ka neʻe. No laila ke hana pālahalaha ke manaʻo ʻole ia i kahi hoʻoweliweli, akā inā aia kekahi mau kumu no kēia, a laila hoʻololi koke ka iʻa i loko o kahiʻauʻau wikiwiki, nona ka hoʻomaka wikiwiki ʻana o ka uila, a ulu maikaʻi ka wikiwiki i kahi manawa pōkole.
Ke koi ʻia ia mea, ʻo ka flounder, e like me ka pōkā, hana i kahi mea ikaika o kona kino pālahalaha, kahi e neʻe koke ai ka iʻa i kahi mamao o kekahi mau mika i ke ala i makemake ʻia, ʻoiai e hoʻohana ana i ka uhi kaʻe, hoʻokuʻu ka flounder i kahi kahe ikaika o ka wai i ka lalo, no laila e hoʻonui ai i ka haunaele mai ona aku. ... ʻOiai ʻo ia e lūlū nei, hiki i ka flounder maʻalea ke mālama i ka hopu i kāna mea pio punahele a hūnā paha mai nā maka konohiki, ʻoiai paʻakikī loa ia e ʻike i ka iʻa, no ka mea, hui me ka ʻāina.
Mea hoihoi: I ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua, ua uhi ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka lalo o ka aquarium, kahi i noho ai ka flounder, me kahi substrate kūikawā i pena ʻia i loko o ka hale ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo. Ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā kiko o nā kala ʻeleʻele a me nā mālamalama i ke kino iʻa.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Ka holo kai
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, makemake ʻo flounder i kahi noho wale i lalo. ʻO ka manawa spawning no kēlā me kēia laha he mea pākahi ia, pili ia i ka pae o ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ke kolamu wai a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna. ʻO ka wā maʻamau o ka hānau ʻana flounder holo mai Pepeluali a Mei. Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa i kēia wā. ʻO kahi laʻana, kahi ʻano e like me turbot e komo i ka wā moena mai ʻApelila a ʻAukake i ka wai o ka ʻĀkau Akau a me Baltic. Puka mai ka peʻa Arctic i ke kai hau hau ʻo Kara a me Barents mai Kēkēmapa a Ianuali.
Lilo nā ʻano flounder like ʻole i ke ʻano moekolohe i ka manawa mai ʻekolu a ʻehiku paha makahiki. ʻO nā wahine o ka nui o nā laha he momona loa, no laila hiki i kahi paʻa ke loaʻa mai 0.5 a 2 miliona mau hua. ʻO ke kumu, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻouluulu i ʻelua mau pule. No ka lawaiʻa ʻana o ka iʻa, koho lākou i nā wahi kai kahakai hohonu me kahi one o lalo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo ka Flounder fry kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau no ka iʻa, ʻaʻole lākou i hānau koke ʻia pālahalaha a loaʻa ka symmetry ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
Ke ulu nei, ua loli iki ka iʻa, lilo like i ko lākou mau mākua. ʻO ko lākou maka, aia ma ka hema a me ka ʻākau paha, neʻe i ka ʻaoʻao o ka maka ʻelua, lilo kēia ʻāpana o ka iʻa i luna, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao maka ʻole e pili ana i ka ʻōpū, lilo ka ʻili i mea ʻoʻoleʻa, no ka mea hoʻohana e paheʻe ma ka lalo. I ka mua, predominate ka benthos a me ka zooplankton i ka papaʻai o nā holoholona ʻōpio.
Hoʻohui ʻia e lawe kekahi mau laha i nā hua ma kahi hohonu he kanalima mika hohonu, no ka mea ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻauʻau ʻana o nā hua manu, a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana paʻakikī. Lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā flounders, ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki, akā ʻo ka iʻa e ola ana i kēia milestone he mea laha ʻole ia, no ka mea he nui nā ʻenemi a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻole e hele nei.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka flounder
Kiʻi: White flounder
ʻOiai he talena camouflage maikaʻi loa nā flounders e kōkua iā lākou e ʻike ʻole, he ʻenemi nō ko ka iʻa. ʻO kekahi o nā mea makemake ʻole he puhi, ʻaʻole ia he kūʻē i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa pālahalaha. Eia hou, nā halibut nui me ka ʻole o ke kuli o ka lunamanaʻo e hoʻouka i ko lākou ʻohana flounder. ʻOiai, ʻo nā mea nāwaliwali loa nā holoholona ʻōpio ʻike ʻole, a hiki ke lilo i meaʻai māmā no nā mea kū wai.
Minamina, akā ʻo ka ʻenemi o ka flounder kekahi kanaka nāna e hoʻopau i kēia iʻa ma muli o ka ʻono, ʻono, ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo, ka mea pono loa. ʻAneʻane ma nā wahi āpau, hopu mau ʻia ka flounder, e nā lawaiʻa amatir pākahi a ma kahi pae nui e nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka lawaiʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i ke ola a hiki i ke kanakolu o nā makahiki, no ka mea make ka nui loa o lākou, e hāʻule ana i ka ʻupena lawaiʻa.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana, loaʻa i kekahi poʻe kahi mea ʻole, e hoʻohuli maikaʻi ʻole ana i ke kaiapuni e kā lākou hana waiwai, e alakaʻi ai i ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kūlana kaiaola i ka nui. Nui nā kumu wai (nā muliwai a me nā kai) e haumia loa, no laila, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, e lawelawe ana ma ke kahua he meaʻai no nā flounders, nalo i loko o lākou. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka poʻe he ʻenemi koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi loa o flounder, tk. Loaʻa nā tona o kēia iʻa i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma waho aʻe o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole i luna aʻe nei no ka iʻa, hiki i kekahi ke kapa i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole nui ka nui o ke ola o kāna mau hua, no laila, ʻo ka hapalua wale nō o lākou e mau nei.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pāholo pālahalaha
ʻAʻole kānalua ke kūlana me ka nui o ka heluna lehulehu. Pili ka nui i kekahi ʻano iʻa. ʻIke ka ʻepekema i ka nui o ka lehulehu flounder i lalo o ka cyclicality, ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpuu ulu, huli liʻiliʻi i kahi waihona iʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke emi nei ka nui o nā flounder, i kekahi mau laha e lohi ai kēia kaʻina hana, a ʻo kekahi e holo wikiwiki loa ia, no laila hopohopo ia i nā hui kaiapuni. ʻO ka nui o nā lehulehu flounder ma lalo o ka mana o nā hopena anthropogenic maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ka mea mua, hoʻokomo pū i ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa kiʻekiʻe loa.
Loaʻa nā helu he nui i nā lā āpau, kahi e hoʻemi kūlohelohe i ko lākou heluna kanaka. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia kekahi o kēlā me kēia laha me ka luku ʻia, no ka mea, koe kekahi o lākou i koe, no laila pono lākou i nā hana pale kūikawā. Mai poina i ke kūlana ecological hōʻino a me ka kanalima pakeneka ke ola ʻana o nā hua manu e hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole i ka heluna o nā iʻa pālahalaha. E noʻonoʻo ke kanaka e pili ana i kāna mau hana barbaric, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kāna mau makemake, a i ʻole e nalowale loa kekahi mau lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻohana palahalaha mai ka hohonu o ka wai, a laila ʻaʻole e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke kūlana.
Kiaʻi Flounder
Kiʻi: Flounder mai ka Red Book
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, kaumaha loa ka mokuʻāina o ka heluna o kekahi mau heluna o ka flounder, hiki i ka hoʻoweliweli o ka luku loa ʻana, ka mea hiki ʻole ke hopohopo.ʻO kahi laʻana, hoʻoweliweli ʻia kekahi ʻano flounder e like me ka Mediterranean arnoglos (Kessler's flounder) no ka make ʻana, no ka mea ua lilo ia i mea kākaʻikahi loa. Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano i ka Red Book o Ukraine mai ka makahiki 1994. ʻO ke kumu palena palena nui ka haumia o ka wai kai ʻEleʻele, ʻaʻole ʻae i nā hua e hoʻomohala piha. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hopu ʻana me ke kōkua o nā seine ke alakaʻi i kēia flounder i ka make me kahi iʻa hou aʻe.
ʻO ka flounder kai ʻeleʻele (kalkan) ka iʻa waiwai nui a pipiʻi hoʻi. I ke kanaono makahiki o ke kenekulia i hala, kokoke i nā teritori Crimean, ua lawe ʻia ka iʻa iʻa nui loa o kēia iʻa (a ʻelua a ʻekolu tausani tone i kēlā me kēia makahiki), a ua hōʻemi loa ʻia ka heluna kanaka, a i ka makahiki 1986 ua hoʻolaha nā luna i ka pāpā no ke kalkan, no ka mea ua aneane pau loa i ka nalowale. ma loko o ka Soviet Union ma mua. ʻAʻole mahalo ʻia kēia pāpā i kēia manawa, ʻoiai ʻo ka helu o nā kalkan ke hoʻomau nei i ka hopohopo.
ʻO nā ana nui no ka mālama ʻana i nā iʻa ʻino o ka iʻa flounder ka:
- kapu loa i ka hopu ʻana;
- ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka uku hoʻopaʻi no ka ʻaihue ʻana i kēia kapu;
- ʻike i nā wahi o ka waiho iʻa mau a me ko lākou hoʻokomo ʻia i ka papa inoa o nā wahi i pale ʻia;
- hana wehewehe ma waena o ka lehulehu.
I ka hopena, hoʻomau ia e hoʻohui, ʻoiai kahi iʻa hoʻolaha e like me ʻōhumu, ʻono loa a olakino hoʻi, pono ia e mālama pono iā ia me ka akahele, e hoʻēmi nei i ka lawena paʻa ʻole a me ka hopu nui ʻia i mea e hōʻalo ai i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole e hiki ke hana ʻia ma muli o ka nui o nā makemake o ke kanaka.
Lā paʻi: 04.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/24/2019 ma 18:08
