ʻO ka haʻi ʻana o ka toad i nā moʻolelo kahiko o ʻEulopa i mea maikaʻi ʻole. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kiʻi me nā lawehala kanaka, hana ʻia i hōʻailona o ka ʻino, i kekahi manawa hāʻawi ʻia nā waiwai hoʻokalakupua. Palakai ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo kekahi o nā mea ola kūpono ʻole, e lawe mai ana i ka pōmaikaʻi nui, ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻole, he poʻe loea holoholona i loko o nā māla māla, a mālama kekahi mau mea aloha i ka home.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻOkoʻa ka hiʻohiʻona o nā toads, no ka mea aia ma kahi o ʻekolu haneli mau ʻano amphibians. Akā aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā amphibians tailless - kahi poʻo nui, nā lālā pōkole i kau ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao, ke ʻano kaomi o kahi kino kaumaha.
ʻOkoʻa ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka toad mai nā poʻe liʻiliʻi o 20 mm i nā kānaka nunui i ko lākou ʻohana 270 mm. ʻO ke kaupaona, mai 50 gram a i hoʻokahi kilogram. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine i nā kāne, me ka nānā ʻole i ka laha.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kāne e nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi ma nā wāwae mua, i kapa ʻia nā callup nuptial. ʻO ka hana nui o nā wānana ʻili ka hopu ʻana i ka wahine i ka wā hānau.
He ʻololī a lōʻihi ka lelo o nā amphibians. Iwi kiʻekiʻe ʻole niho. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia ka mea kōkua pepeiao. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā kāne amphibian ke kū o kahi ovary rudimentary. Ma muli o kēia, i kekahi mau ʻano, hōʻike ʻia ke kū hoʻokahi o nā toads, ke hiki i ke kāne ke lilo i wahine.
ʻO ke kala o nā amphibians i loko o nā kala inconspicuous, e ʻae iā lākou e hui pū me ke kaiapuni. ʻO ke kala, ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, nā ʻili o nā ʻili ʻōmaʻomaʻo lepo me kahi ʻano o nā kiko o nā geometry ʻokoʻa e hōʻike i ka lole toad. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe ka poʻe noho o nā ʻāina tropical, ke kala o kahi ākea ākea e like me ka mea e aʻoaʻo ai i ka mea ʻino o ke kumu o nā kamaʻāina amphibian.
ʻAʻohe o nā iwi ʻaoʻao o ka amphibian. ʻIli ʻokoʻa me nā warts protruding o nā nui like ʻole, maloʻo i ka paʻi. ʻO nā puʻupuʻu parotid i loaʻa i ka hapanui o nā ʻano i kapa ʻia he parotids. Me kā lākou kōkua, hūnā nā toads i kahi mea huna kūikawā e pale ai i ka ʻili mai ka maloʻo ʻana.
Aia ka hiʻona ʻelua i ka papa hana pale - ka mucus huna ʻia i nā ʻano laha he mea ʻona, aia i loko o ka hanana kahi lāʻau make alkaloid. Ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi palaka mākaukau e pale aku i nā ʻenemi i kēia ala.
Loaʻa ka ʻono i ka mucus a me ka hopena emetic. Poino nā holoholona i nahu i ka amphibian. No nā kānaka, palekana ka huna o ka toad, akā ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka huna me nā membrane mucous hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki.
Malia paha ua lilo kēia hiʻohiʻona i ke kumu o nā kaʻao e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā warts ma hope o ka pā ʻana i kahi toad. Ua hōʻike ʻia e nā noiʻi ʻepekema ʻaʻohe pilina ma waena o nā amphibians a me nā warts. Palekana nā toada āpau a koe wale nō nā ʻaha aha, nā ʻano tropical.
Ma ke ʻano he pale, hoʻāhu nā amphibians i ko lākou mau kino i mua o ka ʻenemi, piʻi i luna i ko lākou mau wāwae, e hoʻonui ana i ka nui. He mea paʻakikī ke kūlana hoʻoweliweli e kiʻi. I kekahi manawa lele lele loa ʻo ia i ka ʻenemi.
Ma nā wahi āpau nā ʻāpana. ʻAʻohe amphibians wale nō ma ka Arctic, Antarctic, Greenland. Ma Australia, kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai nā amphibians ma mua, ua hana kuikahi ʻia kahi heluna kanaka o ka toad mea make loa, ʻo ke aga.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā amphibians he manu lele, nā mea kolo, a me kekahi poʻe noho ulu lāʻau. ʻAʻole hiki i nā toads ke kū i mua o nā ʻenemi he nui - stiger, herons, ibises, hedgehogs, nāhesa. Mālama ka momona kiʻekiʻe iā lākou mai ka make ʻana.
ʻAi ʻia ka meaʻai i nā mea kolo o nā ʻano like ʻole e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā toads e "pale" i nā mea kanu mai nā mea ʻino huhū. I kekahi mau ʻāina, hana ʻokoʻa lākou i ka hānau hānau amphibians no kēia mau kumu. Manu hihiu, neʻe i kahi hale kauwela, ma ke alo o ka hānai mau, ke aʻa ma kahi hoʻokahi, lawelawe ma ke ʻano he "kiaʻi" kūloko o ka hua.
Nā ʻano
Nui loa laha o ka toads noho ma nā wahi āpau. Ma kahi o ka hapakolu o nā ʻano amphibian e noho nei ma Eurasia. ʻEono mau ʻano toads i hiki ke loaʻa ma Rukia.
Toad maʻamau (hina). Amphibian nui, lōʻihi o ke kino a 13 cm, ākea, ʻike ʻia ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hina ke hina hina nui i luna, me nā ʻano o nā kiko ʻeleʻele. Ma lalo iho nā tints melemele, pinepine me kahi ʻōuli ʻōleʻele pouli. ʻAlani ʻalani nā maka me nā haumāna ākea.
Loaʻa ka toad i loko o nā ululāʻau o nā ʻano āpau, nā ʻāpana steppe, noho i nā wahi maloʻo ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3000 m. ʻIke pinepine ʻia i nā māla hou, i nā pāka, i nā māla mahi. ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ke kaiāulu me kahi kanaka i ka toad, noho ia i nā hale kahiko ma ke ʻano he mau hale. Ma waho o Rūsia, maʻamau ke ola nei ka toad ma ʻEulopa, nā ʻaoʻao komohana ʻākau o ʻApelika.
ʻAkala ʻomaʻo. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu camouflage me he mea lā na ka mea pena kiʻi i hana - nā ʻoliva nui ʻeleʻele me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele i ka palena e hoʻopuehu ʻia ma kahi kua hina. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻopuehu liʻiliʻi ʻia nā kikoʻula ʻulaʻula ma luna o ke kino puʻupuʻu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 5-8 cm.
Ma muli o nā lālā o ka hope i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia, lele liʻiliʻi ka amphibian, ʻoi aku ka pinepine i ka hele wāwae ʻana. No ka noho ʻana, koho ʻo ia i nā wahi ākea o nā kula, nā kula, nā kahawai kahawai. Kū ʻia ia ma nā kiʻekiʻe a i 4500 m. ʻO ka plastity o ka noho ʻana ma nā wahi like ʻole e hōʻike ana i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā kumu kaiapuni maikaʻi ʻole.
Palaka ma ka hikina loa. I Lūkia, noho ka amphibian ma Sakhalin, ma Transbaikalia. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻohana he nui, noho ʻo ia i nā biotopes me ka wela kiʻekiʻe - ma nā wahi kai i hoʻopiha ʻia, nā kahawai o nā kahawai. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā tubercles nui ma ke kua i nā kua liʻiliʻi.
ʻEkolu mau ākea ākea ākea e hoʻonaninani i ka lole o ke toad; ma ka hopena e wāwahi lākou i nā kiko nui. Hinahina-melemele ka ʻōpū me nā kiko liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 6-10 cm.
Pākaʻi Caucasian (Colchis). Ma waena o nā laha e noho ana ma Rūsia, ʻo ka amphibian nui loa a 15 cm ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Loaʻa ia ma nā wahi o ka Western Caucasus wale nō. Makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā ululāʻau mauna, nā kapuaʻi.
ʻO ke kala o ka ʻaoʻao luna mai ka hina a i ka brown brown, hōʻike maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā kiko. ʻOi aku ka paler o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻohuli nui ʻia ka helu e ka mālama ʻana i ka nohona, ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻenemi nui - ka lono lipi.
Kaha ʻūhā (pilau). Hoʻololi ke kala i kahi ākea hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Holo kahi peʻa melemele ma ka hope. Hōʻike ia i kahi resonator puʻu i hoʻomohala ʻia. ʻAʻohe wili ma nā tubercles. Nui ka nui - a i 8-9 cm. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ia ma ke kapa o nā kino wai, nā wahi kai pali, ma nā wahi me nā nāhelehele pulu.
Toad Mongolian. ʻAʻohe o ke kākalakala wīwī o nā wahine; paʻa nā kāne i ka ulu o ke kakalaioa. Kupaianaha loa ke kala - nā kiko o ke kala ʻeleʻele momona o ke aniani ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano hina-beige o ke kino o luna. Holo kahi kaula māmā ma ka ʻaoʻao waena. Noho nā moʻo Mongolian ma ke kahakai o Lake Baikal, ma Buryatia. Ma waho o Rūsia, loaʻa ia ma Kina, Mongolia, Kōlea, nā kapuaʻi o Tibet.
Ma waena o nā ʻano toada he mau amphibian kū hoʻokahi e kokoke ana i ka make. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kekahi manawa i nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā amphibians rarahi ʻole i nā ʻāpana ʻāina a i ʻole nā zoo.
Kihansi kī pana. ʻO ka nohona o ka toad liʻiliʻi loa ma ke kahawai ʻo Kihansi ma Tanzania. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka loko i hoʻopau i ka wahi maoli o nā amphibians. Kākoʻo wale ʻia ka mālama ʻana o nā laha i nā panalāʻau o nā zoo. Palaka i ke kiʻi hahau me ka diminutiveness - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui i kahi kālā o 5 rubles. He melemele ke kala, he aka lā.
Toad poʻo poʻo poʻo. Mālama wale ʻia nā laha i ka hema hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ke hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, i hōʻike ʻia i ka inoa, ke kū ʻana o nā ʻōhū nunui ma hope o nā maka o ka amphibian. ʻOi aku nā kānaka i ka 11 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻokoʻa ke kala mai ka brown, ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā kani hina-melemele. ʻO nā warts he ʻano ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma mua o ke kumu nui. Noho ka toad ma nā pōhaku one, nā wahi semi-wao akua.
Paka kik Cricket. ʻOkoʻa i ka nui akahai, 3-3.5 wale nō ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Ma ka ʻili o nā ʻōpuʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele momona. Paʻa ka ʻōpū. Mālama ʻia kēia ʻano ma Mekiko.
ʻO kā Toom Blomberg. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua 25 knm. He ʻano laha ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka make. Loaʻa nā helu liʻiliʻi i nā tropika o Colombia.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Toad - amphibian kahi mea ola e noho nui ana ma ka ʻāina - mai nā kahakai kahawai a i nā wao nahele semi. Hoʻopiʻi nā kino wai i ka hapa nui o nā amphibians i ka wā hānau e hoʻomoe i kā lākou mau hua. ʻO kekahi ʻano, ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻo Anzonia, he semi-aquatic, a aia kekahi mau hua lāʻau e noho ana i nā kumulāʻau.
Makemake lākou i kahi noho mehameha, ʻākoakoa i nā hui me ka nui o nā meaʻai, i ka wā o ka moena. Hōʻike ʻia ka hana a nā amphibians i ka pō, i ke ao, hūnā nā toads i nā wahi mehameha - i waena o nā pōhaku, nā lua holoholona, nā kaumaha honua ma waena o nā aʻa o nā mea kanu.
I ke anuanu, hiki ke loaʻa nā toads i ke ao. ʻAʻole pili ka pili kokoke i kahi kanaka iā lākou, hiki iā lākou ke komo i nā hale, hale haʻahaʻa. I nā wahi i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka uila i ka pō, ʻākoakoa nā toopa e ʻimi - e hopu i nā kolo.
Hoʻoilo manu hihiu hoʻolilo i ka hibernation, i loko o laila ia e lele ai ke iho ka mahana, 6-8 ° C. ʻO ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 150 mau lā. ʻOkoʻa nā wahi hūnā o ka toad, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā kūlana o ka wā - ma lalo o nā lau i hina, nā lua hohonu, nā pā, nā māwae i nā pōhaku, nā hale haʻalele. Hāmele lākou i kahi mele a i ʻole i nā hui. Hana ʻia ke ala ʻana i ka wā e mahana ai ka ea i 8-10 ° C, ka wai 3-5 ° C.
Meaʻai kūpono
Huli a ʻai ka toad ma ka honua. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka papaʻai nā mea kolo, nā holoholona lepo - larvae, spider, worm, millipedes, slugs. ʻO nā molluscs, nā iʻa iʻa, nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi, nā moʻo e hoʻohui i nā ʻano like ʻole i ka papaʻai.
ʻO nā mea ʻino nā kīhāpai like ʻole, e like me nā nalo potato potato, nā mea o ka hopu holoholona. Hana ka Amphibians i ka neʻe o ka poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia, hoʻouka kaua mai kahi hoʻohālua. No nā māla a me nā māla, lilo nā toads i mau mea kōkua maikaʻi, pale pilikino no nā mea kanu.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano hānau o nā toads o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa. Pili ka hoʻoulu kūwaho i ka hapa nui o nā amphibians. Hana kope nā kāne i nā leo kāhea me ke kōkua o kahi resonator kūikawā. Aia nā ʻeke waha i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ma hope o nā pepeiao a i ʻole ma ka ʻāʻī o nā amphibians. Hōʻike ʻia nā wahine ma ke kāhea o nā kāne ma kahi o nā waihona wai. ʻOi aku ka poʻe Amphibians i ka wai stagnant a i ʻole ka wai kahe.
Kūleʻa ʻole nā ʻapo o nā kāne a ke kaʻawale lākou i nā wahine lālau lākou i nā ʻāpana a me nā iʻa. Ma hope o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, waiho ka wahine i mau hua he mau tausani, mai 1,500 a i 7,000 mau hua, i hoʻopili ʻia i nā kaula lōʻihi o ka mucus. Hoʻopili lākou i nā mea kanu ma lalo o ka wai, hohola ma lalo o ka waihona. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā kaula he 8-10 mau mika. Ma hope o ka huki ʻana a hoʻi, hoʻi nā toada i kai.
Kū ka ulu ʻana o Embryonic a 5 a 20 mau lā, i kekahi manawa a i 2 mau mahina, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka mahana o ka waihona. A laila ʻike ʻia nā lūlū, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mahina. Ma waho, ua like lākou me ka ʻai iʻa, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe o lākou lālā.
Hoʻololi iki kēlā me kēia larva i loko o kahi tadpole, ʻo ka nui o ia a 40% o kahi makua amphibian. A laila kahi ʻōpio palaka ʻaʻohe. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka metamorphosis, haʻalele ka ʻōpio i ka waihona wai a hele i ka ʻāina. Ke neʻe nei o nā toads ma kahakai i ke ao a me ka pō, no laila hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia i kēia wā o ke ola. Ua makua kāne nā Amphibians i ka makahiki 2-4.
I ʻEulopa, aia kekahi mau ʻano toads kahi e kuleana ai ke kāne no ka mālama pono ʻana i nā keiki. ʻO kāna misiona ʻo ia e noho i kahi lua me nā lipine o nā hua ma kona mau wāwae no kēia manawa, a hiki i ka hū ʻana o nā ʻenuhe. Ma ʻApelika, aia kahi toad viviparous laha ʻole e hānau keiki ma kahi o 9 mau mahina.
Ke mālama nei i ka toad ma ka home
Ua lilo ka amphibians unpretentious i mea makemake nui ʻia no ka mālama home ʻana i nā terrarium. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā aquarium ākea me nā amphibians i nā wahi malu, mai kahi kani nui. Hoʻonui ʻia ka pālolo, hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻiliahi e like me ka lepo, hoʻonoho ʻia kahi puʻuhonua, kahi wai liʻiliʻi mai kahi ipu me ka wai.
Maikaʻi mau ka makemake o Toads. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, nā slug, nā ʻāpua, nā ʻalekiko, a me nā meaʻai kūikawā mai kahi hale kūʻai holoholona e lilo i mea ʻai na lākou. No nā poʻe noho o ka terrarium, he mea nui ka neʻe o ka neʻe o ka mea pio, no laila makemake nā pēpē nui i nā ʻiole, nā iole, nā moa, nā rana. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā Amphibians me kahi alelo pipili, a me nā mea nui aku me ko lākou mau ā.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa loa ʻia kekahi mau holoholona i lawe lākou i ka meaʻai mai ka lima o ka mea nona. Palaka ma ka home me ka ʻike kūpono, ola ia no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoluʻolu nā mea nona nā makahiki he nui. Aia i ka laha, 25-30 mau makahiki ʻaʻole ka palena no nā amphibians. ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo i waena o centenarians ka toad 40 makahiki.
Pehea ka ʻokoʻa o kahi toad mai ka rana
ʻO ka like kūwaho, nā ʻano maʻamau o nā mea anuanu ke koko nā kumu e huikau ai nā rana a me nā toads. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou i ke ʻano o ke kino, nā maʻa, ka nohona. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ke hānau o nā rana.
ʻO nā rana, ʻokoʻa ka toads, nā mea lele lele, hiki ke ʻauʻau maikaʻi. ʻAʻole ʻae nā wāwae pōkole o nā toads iā lākou e hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki, no laila he poʻe hele wāwae mālie lākou. Maʻemaʻe ka ʻili o nā rana, me ka ʻole o ka tubercles, ke ʻano o ka toads.
ʻAʻole pono ia i ka waiū, ʻokoʻa ka papa maloʻo a keratinized o ke kino o nā toads. Hiki ke ʻike mau ʻia nā rana e ka waihona wai, he poʻe noho ʻāina nā ʻaʻa. No ka nui, makemake ʻole ʻia nā rana a me nā toads. Akā ke aʻo ʻana i ko lākou lehulehu e hōʻike i nā ʻaoʻao maikaʻi he nui no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiaolaola maʻamau.
