Pueo Tawny He manu lele i ka pō mai ka ʻohana pueo. ʻO kēia nā mea hahai holoholona weliweli me ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi, hoʻopau i nā rodents a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke noho ma ka hohonu o ka ululāʻau a pololei i ke kūlanakauhale, noho i loko o kahi hale haʻalele. ʻAʻole makaʻu i nā kānaka, ke pale ʻole lākou i ka pūnana.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Owl
Nui nā mana nui o ke kumu o nā manu. Wahi a kekahi o lākou, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Archeopteryx ka mea kahiko loa, a ua ʻike ʻia lākou i ka wā Jurassic a pili i nā dinosaurs-maniraptors. Wahi a kekahi kuhiakau, ua ala lākou ma mua, hoʻi i ka wā Triassic, a ua iho mai nā archosaurs, a ua lilo nā protoavis i manu mua.
Akā ma mua o ke ʻano o nā pueo, i nā pueo kikoʻī, aia nō ia i kahi mamao loa - manaʻo ʻia he mau manu piʻi piʻi ko lākou mau kūpuna, e pili ana me nā ʻano raksha, a ua hōʻike mua nā pueo i ka hopena o ka Paleocene.
Video: Pueo
ʻO ka pueo kahiko i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻepekema ʻo ia ka fossil Ogygoptynx wetmorei. ʻO ka genus kahi āna i hele aku ai ua make loa, e like me nā pueo ʻē aʻe i ʻike mua ʻia. ʻO nā pueo kahiko loa i loaʻa e nā paleoanthologists mai ka Lower Pleistocene - no laila, ua noho lākou ma kahi o 600,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, kahi mea liʻiliʻi loa ia e nā kūlana evolution.
Manaʻo ʻia ua hana nā pueo mua i ka lā a hānai nui ʻia i nā mea kolo, i loea paha i ka carrion. Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻololi lākou i kahi ʻano pō - ua pili kēia ma muli o ka hana o nā mea kolo nui loa i ka pō, a ua hoʻololi nā pueo i ko lākou ola o ke ola.
Hoʻohui ʻia, i ka pō, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou mea hoʻokūkū. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua loli kā lākou mau mea nui, a hoʻomaka lākou e hānai nui i nā kiwi, ʻoiai he nui nā pueo o kēia manawa, e like me nā pueo tawny, ʻai i nā ʻenekini i kekahi manawa. Ua hoʻomohala pū lākou i kā lākou ʻano ʻimi ʻimi, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka wikiwiki lele, e like me nā manu i ke ao, akā me ka ʻimi malū ʻana i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia a me kahi hoʻouka pūʻiwa.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻepekema o nā pueo i hana ʻia e Karl Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka inoa i ka inoa ʻo Strix, a ua wehewehe pū kekahi i nā ʻano kū hoʻokahi. Ua hoʻomau kēia hana i nā kenekulia XVIII-XX, a ua kaʻawale ka Desert Owl ma 2015 wale nō, ma mua ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻāpana o ka pueo pueo.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Gray Owl
Hiki ke loli ke kino o ke kanaka makua moekolohe mai 30 a 70 kenimika, ke kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano - he liʻiliʻi kekahi, ʻoiai mahalo kekahi i nā manu. ʻO ka pueo maʻamau kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi loa - ʻo kona nui he 35-40 mau kenimika, a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku kona kaumaha ma mua o 600-700 karamu.
ʻAʻohe o ka pueo he "pepeiao" hulu, he hiʻohiʻona nui kēia e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale kūwaho mai nā pueo ʻē aʻe he nui. Eia kekahi, he mau puka pepeiao nui kona, i uhi ʻia me ka ʻili pelu. Kiʻekiʻena nuku, a pālahalaha maopopo ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao.
Hiki i ka plumage ke hina i kahi ʻano maʻalahi, pinepine me nā kiko ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele nā maka, melemele i kekahi ʻano (e laʻa me ka pueo pallid). Palupalu ka plumage, palupalu loa ka pueo, no ka mea ke nānā aku lākou i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kā lākou maoli.
ʻOiai ʻo ka pueo i ka pouli, hilinaʻi nui ia i ka hoʻolohe ʻana, maikaʻi, maikaʻi loa ia. ʻAʻole ʻae ka hāmeʻa o nā ʻeheu iā ia e lele wikiwiki e like me nā mea ʻaihue i ke ao e like me ka falcon a me nā ʻio, a hana pū i nā ʻano ʻākeʻakeʻa like ʻole i ka lewa.
ʻImi hoihoi: I kekahi manawa ʻohi nā kānaka i nā moa pueo i hāʻule mai ka pūnana mai. He kūpono ia e hana i kēia inā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻeha, a laila ʻaʻole me ka makaʻu ʻole - e ʻike koke ʻia ko lākou mau mākua. Hiki i kahi moa pueo olakino ke hoʻi i ka pūnana ma kāna iho.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pueo?
Kiʻi: Pueo oho ʻeleʻele
Aia ka pae i ka laha, ʻaʻole hiki ke kuʻina.
O kahi laʻana:
- Noho ʻo Owl Chaco ma Gran Chaco, ma ʻAmelika Hema, a me nā wahi e pili ana;
- ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka pueo pale e noho i ʻAigupita, Suria, Israel a me Saudi Arabia;
- noho ʻo Ciccabs ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo a ʻike ʻia hoʻi i Central America, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador;
- ʻO Great Owl Gray - i ka taiga mai ka Murmansk Region a hiki i Primorye.
Ma waho o kēia, nui nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke loaʻa kahi o lākou kokoke i nā wahi āpau: mai ka hema o ʻAtenitina a i ka equator a me ka Arctic Circle. Eia kekahi, he noho kau, ʻo ia hoʻi, noho lākou i kahi like i hānau ʻia ai lākou. Inā neʻe aku ka pueo tawny mai kahi o ka hānau ʻana, ʻo ia wale nō no ka ulu ʻana o nā kūlana ma laila a ʻaʻole mamao loa.
Noho lākou i nā ululāʻau deciduous, coniferous a huikau paha, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ke koi nui nei lākou i ke kaiapuni, a i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonohonoho pono i nā kūlanakauhale, ke koho ʻana i nā lāʻau i ka pāka a i ʻole nā attics i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia - ʻume ʻia lākou e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai i ke kūlanakauhale. ma mua o ka ulu lāʻau.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻowalewale ʻia ka hapa nui o nā pueo e kēia a noho i nā ululāʻau, no ka mea ua koho lākou i nā pūnana i nā lua i nā kumulāʻau kahiko a i ʻole noho wale i kahi pūnana i haʻalele ʻia o kekahi manu ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole lākou e noho i nā kuahiwi - ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke piʻi ma luna o 2000 mau mika, a i kēia mau kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hālāwai me lākou.
Koho ʻia nā wahi e noho ai ʻaʻole mamao aku mai nā aniani a me nā kihi o ka ululāʻau - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka alualu ʻana ma kahi ākea, ʻaʻole ma kahi nahele mānoanoa, kahi mamao loa ia mai kahi maʻalahi.
He aha ka ʻai o ka pueo?
Kiʻi: Owl huelo lōʻihi
ʻO ke kumu o ka "papa kuhikuhi" o ka pueo:
- nā rodents - nāʻiole, nāʻiole a pēlā aku;
- nā moʻo;
- rana;
- nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā kaulike e like me ka grouse ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka hazel grouse;
- nā mea kolo;
- arthropods;
- he iʻa.
Aia i ka laha a me ka nohona, aia nā nuances - ʻo kahi laʻana, hiki i nā pueo tropical e ʻai i nā spider nunui. ʻO ka hapanui o nā laha e alualu i ka pō, ʻoiai aia kekahi e ʻimi holoholona i ke ao - e laʻa me ka pueo hina nui.
Ma ke ʻano he rula, lele aku kēia mau mea ʻaihue no ka mea pio i ka pōʻeleʻele, hoʻolohe pono a hopu i kēlā me kēia kani, ʻoiai nā pakalaki mālie a mamao aku hoʻi e pakele ʻole iā lākou. Hoʻoholo paʻa ʻo Owl i ka nui o ka mea pio ma ke kani a, inā pili ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, liʻiliʻi, hele lākou i loko o kahi hoʻohālua i mea e makaʻu ʻole ai i ka mea hiki ke loaʻa me ka halulu o ko lākou mau ʻēheu.
A laila kali lākou no ka manawa ke pale ʻole ʻo ia, a i hoʻokahi wikiwiki wikiwiki lākou i hiki ai iā ia, me ka hoʻolohe ʻana wale nō e hoʻoholo ai i kahi kikoʻī. ʻO ka wikiwiki no ka mea pio he wikiwiki loa ia, no laila ʻaʻole loaʻa ka manawa o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, no ka mea, aia i loko o nā māiʻu o kahi pueo tawny, a i kekahi mau manawa e lanakila ma luna o 5-8 mau mika.
Hoʻopau pono kēia mau manu i nā koʻokoʻo, a no laila, inā kū ka pueo i kahi o ka ʻāina mahi, no ko lākou pono wale nō ia. Makemake lākou e hānai i nā rodents, a nānā i nā mea pio ʻē aʻe inā ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopau i nā iole he 150-200 i hoʻokahi mahina.
Akā no ka poʻe ʻimi ʻākau ma ka ʻohi ʻana i nā ʻili mai iā lākou i ka nui o ka pōʻino - ʻaʻole lākou e luku wale i nā holoholona hulu waiwai, akā ʻai pū kekahi hoʻi i nā mea i paʻa, e ʻānai ana i nā ʻili - ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole pono lākou e hopu ʻia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Owl Tawny
Huli ka pueo i ka pouli, ʻaʻole naʻe i ka pō - hana pinepine lākou i ke ahiahi a i ke kakahiaka nui a i ʻole kakahiaka kakahiaka ma mua o ka wanaʻao. I kēia pili, loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa kā lākou makemake iho. ʻO kekahi pueo kekahi e alualu ai i ke ao, a ʻo nā mea hana mau i ka pō hiki i kekahi manawa ke hana ia i ke ao, ke kumu i ka hoʻoilo.
He nui ka manawa manuahi ka pueo mai ka hopu holoholona ʻana a me ka hiamoe ʻana: hoʻolilo ia i loko o kāna pūnana a i ʻole kokoke, ʻaʻole hōʻike pinepine i nā hana a hoʻomaha wale nō. I ka manawa like, makaʻala mau ʻo ia a mākaukau e hoʻouka ʻoiai ke hoʻomaha ʻo ia.
Inā ʻike kahi pueo pueo i kahi mea kānalua, a laila nānā mālie, e hoʻāʻo nei ʻaʻole e kumakaia iā ia iho. Inā ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia he koʻikoʻi ka pilikia, a laila lele ʻo ia e like me ka leo ʻole, a i ʻole ka hōʻeha inā pono e pale i nā moa. ʻAʻole kani iki nā pueo ʻo Tawny, akā i ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā hoʻomaka lākou i kahi kāwili.
A laila hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomākaukau no ka ʻimi holoholona: hiki iā lākou ke lele i mua iki, maʻa mau ma luna o ka honua - i kēlā mau lele ʻana, nānā lākou i nā mea e hiki mai ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻOi aku ka pinepine o kēlā mau lele inā aia he mea liʻiliʻi, a me ka nui, ʻaʻole hopohopo ka manu a ʻaʻole alakaʻi i kēlā "reconnaissance". Inā lawa ʻole ka mea pio a puni kona hale, hiki iā ia ke lele i kahi ʻē.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ke ola o nā pueo e ko lākou nui - ʻo ka nui o kēia mau manu, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola ʻana ma ka awelika. I nā pueo pueo maʻamau, no laila, pōkole ke kali ʻana o ke ola a ma kahi o 5 mau makahiki, a i nā laha nui hiki ke piʻi i 7-8 mau makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻoiai ʻo ka pueo e maʻa mau i ke ola sedentary, i kekahi manawa hiki i ka nui o nā kānaka ke lele i kahi lōʻihi i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā wahi i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ai kēia ʻano i nā manawa āpau, no laila hoʻonui i kona laulā. Mālama nā manu ʻōpio i ka neʻe nui ʻana i ka wā e ulu ana i ka hāʻule.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Nā pueo Owl
I ka manawa pinepine, noho pueo ka pueo, hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā hui nui aku, akā ma kahi mamao aku o kekahi me kekahi, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe lawa nā pio no nā mea āpau. Eia nō naʻe, pili ia i ke ʻano o ka manu: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea i hoʻomanawanui ʻole i ke kokoke o nā pueo ʻē aʻe, aia ka liʻiliʻi - i kekahi manawa noho lākou ma ka lāʻau like me nā manu o ka ʻio o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā manu liʻiliʻi, no ka laʻana, passerines, pane i ka pueo lele me nā leo uē weliweli, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou ʻohana e pili ana i ka pilikia. ʻAʻole hoʻokūkū ʻo ia me nā mea hōkai nui, ʻoiai lākou e ʻimi ai i ke ao, akā hiki nō ke hakakā.
Teritori loa kekahi ʻano a mālama i ka pale ʻana i kā lākou "kāʻei". Inā kekahi i loko o lākou, ʻuā ka manu a i kēlā me kēia ʻano hiki ke hōʻike i kona mākaukau e hoʻouka, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻouka koke a hāʻawi i ka manawa e haʻalele ai. Inā ʻaʻole hoʻohana ka "mea komo hewa" i kēia manawa kūpono, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana i nā hana ʻeleu - nā pōpoki, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻalopeke, a me nā kānaka pū kekahi, ua hoʻouka kaua ʻia e nā pueo ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa.
ʻAʻole hana ʻia nā pālua no hoʻokahi makahiki - hiki i nā pueo ke noho pū i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻonui ʻia ʻo Monogamy e kahi kaulike kaulike o nā kāne a me nā wahine i ka wā ʻōpio. Akā i kekahi ʻano laha, maʻamau pū ka bigamy - i kekahi manawa ʻelua mau wahine e mahele i hoʻokahi kāne, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i hoʻokahi pūnana a ʻelua paha kokoke i kekahi.
I ka hana kope ʻana, aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī i ʻōlelo ʻia. No laila, ʻaʻole kūkulu ʻo Great Grey Owl, ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, i nā pūnana i loko o nā pūnana i haʻalele ʻia o nā manu ʻē aʻe o ka nui kūpono. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻonohonoho lākou i nā pūnana i nā lua, i kekahi manawa i nā keʻena o nā hale haʻalele.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka hoʻomaka o ke kau moʻa e ke aniau kahi e noho ai ka pueo. I nā anuanu anuanu, hiki ke hele mai ke pau ka hoʻoilo, a ma ka waena a i ʻole ka hopena o ka puna, ua hoʻomaka nā pīpī i ko lākou ola kūʻokoʻa. I nā tropika, hiki i ke kauwela a i ʻole ke kauwela mua. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hōʻailona kani mai nā hana maʻamau - ke hoʻomaka ke kau moʻo, piha ka ulu lāʻau i kahi kau lōʻihi o nā kāne a me nā pane pōkole o nā wahine.
Hoʻokomo pinepine lākou i nā hua manu mai 2 a 4, a ma hope a laila hana lākou i nā moa a hiki i ka pā ʻana o nā moa - he 4 mau pule kēia. I kekahi manawa komo pū nā kāne i ka hoʻouluulu, ʻaʻole naʻe i nā ʻano āpau. Mālama pū lākou i ka pūnana mai nā wahi komo o nā mea ʻino a lawe mai i ka meaʻai i nā wahine i hiki ʻole ke hemo aku mai ka hatch egg no ka hopu holoholona.
He keʻokeʻo nā keiki hānau hou, a laila ʻanalike uhi ʻia e nā ʻāpana pouli. I hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mahina ua ʻike lākou i ka lele iki ʻana, a holo piha i ka 3-4. ʻAneʻane koke ma hope o kēlā, haʻalele lākou i ka pūnana a hoʻomaka e noho kūʻokoʻa, ʻoiai i kekahi ʻano hiki i nā pueo ʻōpio ke noho me ko lākou mau mākua a 6-7 mau mahina.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā pueo pueo
Kiʻi: Gray Owl
ʻAʻohe ʻenemi hana kūikawā - ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe mea e ʻālualua kolohe iā lākou. Akā ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻole makaʻu nā pueo - ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi o lākou. Ma waho aʻe o nā maʻi make a me kaʻai pono ʻole, nā kumu maʻamau o ko lākou make ʻana, hiki i nā manu nui he nui ke weliweli.
ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā pueo e nā ʻaeto, nā aeto gula a me nā ʻio. ʻOiai like ka nui o kēia mau manu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻēheu holomua o kēia mau manu, e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i kahi keu, ʻoi aku ka hakakā a hoʻomaʻa e hakakā me nā manu ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiai hiki i ka pueo ke kū i luna nona iho, keu hoʻi inā pono ia e pale aku i ka pūnana - i kēia hihia, hakakā ia i kekahi mea hōʻeuʻeu, me ka nānā ʻole i nā kūlana, ʻoiai inā hoʻoholo ka bear e ʻai i nā hua. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e hoʻokokoke i ka pūnana - hiki i kahi manu huhū ke hoʻonele i kona mau maka.
Hiki ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka makaʻu e nā pueo nui, nā pueo, a me nā hoa ʻohana - ʻaʻohe hakakā nā pueo kekahi me kekahi, akā aia kekahi mau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hapanui pili lākou i ka overpopulation o ka wahi e nā pueo, ma muli o nā paio e ala aʻe ma waena o lākou no ka meaʻai.
ʻAʻole emi iki, lilo ke kanaka i kumu o ka make ʻana o kahi pueo tawny: kī nā mea ʻimi holoholona iā lākou, hāʻule lākou i nā pahele i kau ʻia ma luna o nā koʻokoʻo, a i make ʻino ʻia paha ma muli o ke kaua kūʻē ʻana i nā rodents like me ke kōkua o zinc phosphide.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Manu pueo
ʻAneʻane pau ʻia nā ʻano pueo ʻāhiu e ka Least Concern. ʻO kēia ke ākea o kā lākou laulā, a nui ka lehulehu, no laila ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli iā lākou. ʻOiai, ma muli o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā ululāʻau, lilo ia i mea liʻiliʻi a pouli hoʻi, akā aia nō ka nui o ka manawa no lākou.
Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke noho i ke ākea e hoʻomohala ʻia e nā poʻe, ʻoiai pololei i nā wahi noho - a ma nā hihia e ʻimi ai lākou i nā māla kokoke. Kākaʻikahi loa nā ʻano laha a loaʻa ke kūlana kokoke i ka hoʻoweliweli - akā naʻe, ʻaʻohe o lākou i helu ʻia i loko o ka International Book Red.
Akā i kekahi mau panalāʻau, hiki ke lawe ʻia nā ʻano laha ʻole ma lalo o ka palekana inā ʻo ka pahuhopu ka mālama ʻana iā lākou i ka ʻāina. ʻO kahi laʻana, pale ʻia ka pueo huelo lōʻihi i nā ʻāina ʻo Baletika, Belarus, Ukraine, a me kekahi mau wahi o Lūkia.
Hiki ke mālama ʻia i nā ana like ʻole e mālama ai i ka heluna kanaka, no ka laʻana, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā pūnana hana ma nā wahi kahi, ma muli o ka hoʻoulu hou ʻia ʻana o nā ululāʻau, paʻakikī e loaʻa kahi kumulāʻau kahiko me kahi hakahaka kūpono no ka pūnana. No kēia, kau ʻia nā poloka hollow a pahu paha e kīkē ʻia mai nā papa ma luna o nā kumulāʻau kokoke i nā kihi.
ʻIke hoihoi: E like me nā pueo ʻē aʻe, lohe maikaʻi nā pueo - hiki iā lākou ke ʻohi i nā leo me ke alapine o 2 Hz, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia, hiki i ka pepeiao o ke kanaka ke lohe mai 16 Hz. Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa nā pepeiao i asymmetrically - ʻae kēia iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo maikaʻi i kahi o ka mea pio kani.
Pueo Tawny He mea ʻaihue i ka pō e hana nui i ke kaiaola. A ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole e huhū iā lākou, no ka mea, ʻoiai lākou e noho mālie a liʻiliʻi i ka nui, e lilo i militant inā pono ʻoe e pale iā lākou iho. He manu lehelehe hoihoi kēia e hoʻopaʻa naʻau, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā pueo ʻē aʻe - he ʻano ʻokoʻa ko lākou a me ka nohona.
Lā paʻi: 25.06.2019
Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 21:38
