ʻUckpala Mandarin - moa wai nahele na ka ʻohana duck. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻepekema o ka manu a me ka inoa Lākina ʻo Aix galericulata i hāʻawi ʻia e Karl Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758. ʻO ka plumage kala o nā drakes e ʻumeʻume i ka nānā a hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau manu mai nā ʻano ʻohana ʻē aʻe.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Pālani Mandarin
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo mua i ka inoa Lākina o kahi pākī mandarin he aix, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hiki ke luʻu, akā naʻe, kākaʻikahi wale nā mandarins a me ka makemake ʻole. ʻO ka hapa lua o ka inoa - galericulata ʻo ia hoʻi kahi pale poʻo e like me ka pāpale. I ka pēpē kāne, ʻo ka plumage ma ke poʻo e like me ka pāpale.
ʻO kēia manu mai ke kauoha a Anseriformes i manaʻo ʻia he ʻāpala nahele. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana duck ka hiki iā ia ke hoʻonohonoho i nā pūnana a hatch i nā hua i nā lua lāʻau.
Video: Pālolo Mandarin
Ua loaʻa nā kūpuna kahiko o nā ʻanakī ma kā mākou honua honua ma kahi o 50 miliona mau makahiki BC. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā lālā o ka palameds, a no ʻAseriformes kekahi. Hoʻomaka ko lākou helehelena a hoʻolaha i ka Hemisphere Hema. He wahi kaʻawale loa kā nā manuā Mandarin - ʻo East Asia kēia. ʻO ko lākou ʻohana pili e noho ana i nā kumulāʻau aia ma Australia a me ka ʻAmelika.
Ua loaʻa ka inoa o nā pēpē i ko lākou inoa hanohano no nā aliʻi hanohano o Kina. Ua makemake nā luna kiʻekiʻe i ka Celestial Empire i ka lole. ʻO ka manu kāne he ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo a nunui, e like me ke ʻano o nā lole o nā mea hanohano. ʻO ka helehelena ka inoa maʻamau no kēia peʻa lāʻau. ʻO ka wahine, e like me ka mea maʻa mau i ke ʻano, he lole hoʻohaʻahaʻa hou aku.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻa: ʻo Tangerines kahi hōʻailona o ka kūpaʻa male a me ka hauʻoli o ka ʻohana. Inā ʻaʻole e male ka lōʻihi o ke kaikamahine, a laila ma Kina e paipai ʻia e kau i nā kiʻi o nā ʻalalā ma lalo o kona uluna e wikiwiki i nā mea.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Manu manu puaʻa Mandarin
He kanahā a kanalima kenimika ka lōʻihi o kēia manu. ʻO ka ʻūheu o ka awelika nui he 75 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi mākua he 500-800 g.
ʻO ke poʻo o ke kāne kāne me ka nuku ʻulaʻula e like me ke kala. Mai luna mai ua uhi ʻia me nā hulu ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi i nā leo ʻulaʻula me nā tints ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka poni. Ma nā ʻaoʻao, kahi o nā maka, keʻokeʻo ka hulu, a kokoke i ka nuku ʻalani lākou. Hele aku kēia peʻa kala i ka ʻāʻī, akā kokoke i ka hope o ka ʻāʻī hoʻololi nui ʻia i ka uliuli-polū.
Ma ka umauma poni, holo nā kaulike keʻokeʻo ʻelua. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao o ka manu kāne ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula me nā ʻalani ʻelua ʻalani, i hāpai iki ʻia ma luna o ke kua. ʻEleʻele uliuli ka huelo. He hulu ko ka kua i ka pouli, ʻeleʻele, uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a keʻokeʻo. Keokeo ka ʻōpū a me lalo. ʻO ka ʻūlū o ka manu kāne he ʻalani.
ʻO nā wahine o ke ʻano akahai e ʻaʻahu ʻia i nā poʻo pockmarked, hina. ʻO ke poʻo me ka nuku hina ʻeleʻele i kahi kahakaha o nā hulu lōʻihi e hāʻule ana i lalo. Hoʻopili ʻia ka maka ʻeleʻele me ke keʻokeʻo a iho i lalo kahi kaula keʻokeʻo mai iā ia a i hope o ke poʻo. ʻO ke kua a me ke poʻo ke kala hina ākea, a hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma me nā hulu māmā i ke kani. Aia kekahi kala polū a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka hope o ka ʻēheu. He beige a hina hina nā wāwae o ka wahine.
Hōʻike nā kāne i kā lākou plumage ʻōlinolino i ka wā o ka moena, a ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka molt a hoʻololi ka moa wai i ko lākou helehelena, lilo i inconspicuous a hina e like me kā lākou mau hoa aloha. I kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia lākou e ko lākou nuku ʻalani a me nā wāwae like.
ʻIke hoihoi: I nā zoo a me nā kino wai o ke kūlanakauhale, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kānaka o ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, no ka hoʻololi ʻia kēia o nā pilina pili loa.
ʻIke like nā ʻanakē Mandarin me nā keiki ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano e pili ana, e like me ka mallard. Akā i nā pēpē mallard, kahi ʻeleʻele e moe ana mai ke kua o ke poʻo e hele i ka maka a hiki i ka nuku, a i nā mandarins e pau i ka maka.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻumeke mandarin?
Kiʻi: Pīkē Mandarin ma Moscow
Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, hiki ke loaʻa kēia manu i nā ulu lāʻau o ka Hikina Hikina, kokoke mau i nā kino wai. ʻO kēia ke kiʻo o ke kahawai ʻo Zeya, Gorin, Amur, ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka muliwai. ʻO Amgun, ke awāwa o ka muliwai Ussuri a ma nā wahi o Lake Orel. ʻO nā wahi maʻamau o kēia mau manu nā piʻo mauna o ka Sikhote-Alin, ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa ʻo Khankayskaya a me ka hema o Primorye. Ma ka hema o ka Russian Federation, holo ka palena o ka pae ma nā pali o nā pae ʻo Bureinsky a me Badzhal. ʻIke ʻia ka pepelu Mandarin ma Sakhalin a me Kunashir.
Noho kēia manu ma nā mokupuni Kepani o Hokkaido, Hanshu, Kyushu, Okinawa. I Kōlea, ʻike ʻia nā tangerine i ka wā o nā lele. I Kina, holo ka wahi ma nā kahakai o ke kualapa ʻo Great Khingan a me Laoyeling, e kiʻi ana i ka uka e pili ana, ke kahawai ʻo Songhua, a me ke kahakai o ka lae ʻo Liaodong.
Koho nā ʻūlū e noho i nā wahi i pale ʻia ma kahi kokoke i nā kīʻaha wai: nā kapa o nā kahawai, nā loko, kahi o nā wahi ulu lāʻau ulu lāʻau a me nā pali pōhaku. ʻO kēia no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpō i ka meaʻai i ka wai a pūnana i nā kumulāʻau.
I nā wahi me ke aniau anuanu, ʻike ʻia ka pā mandarin i ke kauwela, mai aneʻi no ka hoʻoilo e lele ia i kēlā mau wahi kahi i hāʻule ʻole ai ka mahana ma lalo o ʻelima mau kekelē Celsius. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hele lōʻihi nā ʻāpō i kahi mamao, no ka laʻana, mai Lūkia Hikina Hikina neʻe lākou i nā mokupuni Kepani a me ke kapakai hikina o Kina.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: nā pākeke Mandarin, hānai ʻia i ka paʻa pio, "pakele" pinepine mai nā zoo a me nā wahi mālama kūlohelohe, neʻe a hōʻea i ʻIlani, kahi i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1000 mau pālua.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka ʻāpana mandarin. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka meaʻai a ka mandarin duck?
Kiʻi: Pālani Mandarin mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
Loaʻa i nā manu kahi papaʻai. Loaʻa iā ia nā poʻe o ka muliwai, molluscs, a me nā mea kanu a me nā ʻanoʻano. Mai nā meaola ola no nā manu, ʻo ka meaʻai ka: roe iʻa, iʻa liʻiliʻi, tadpoles, molluscs, crustacean, snails, slugs, frogs, snakes, aquatic insect, worm.
Mai nā meaʻai mea kanu: nā ʻano ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu, nā acorn, nā nati beech. ʻAi ʻia nā mea kanu a me nā lau, hiki i kēia mau ʻano wai a me nā mea e ulu ana i ka nahele, ma kapa o nā kino wai.
ʻAi nā manu i ka wā ahiahi: i ka wanaʻao a ma mua o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. I nā zoo a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻoulu hānai, hānai ʻia lākou me ka ʻiʻo lū ʻia, nā iʻa, nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu cereal:
- barley;
- palaoa;
- raiki;
- kulina.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pākē Mandarin Duck
Noho ka ʻumeke Mandarin i nā mānoanoa kahakai ākea, kahi e puʻuhonua ai lākou i nā lua o nā kumulāʻau a me nā ana pōhaku. Makemake lākou i nā wahi haʻahaʻa, nā kahawai kahawai, nā awāwa, nā mākāhā, nā wahi wai i hoʻopihapiha ʻia, nā māla i kahe ʻia, akā me ka loaʻa pono o nā mea ulu ulu ākea. Ma nā pali mauna a me nā puʻu, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau manu ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kaukani mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai.
I nā wahi kuahiwi, makemake nā peʻapeʻa i nā kapa muliwai, kahi e ulu ai nā ulu ulu a deciduous, nā awāwa me nā wahi makani. ʻO nā spurs o ka Sikhote-Alin kahi ʻano o kēia wahi, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia nā kahawai a me nā kahawai ʻē aʻe me ka Ussuri.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻaʻole hiki i nā nūnū Mandarin ke noho wale i nā kumulāʻau, akā lele pū hoʻi i luna kokoke.
Hiʻona o mandarins:
- i ka wā lele, hoʻokele maikaʻi lākou;
- ʻo kēia mau manu, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe, hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia e noho ana ma nā lālā lāʻau;
- ʻauʻau maikaʻi lākou, akā ʻaʻole hoʻohana iki i ka manawa kūpono e luʻu ai ma lalo o ka wai, ʻoiai ʻike lākou pehea e hana ai;
- mālama nā peʻa i ko lākou huelo ma luna o ka wai ʻoiai e ʻauʻau ana;
- Kūkulu nā tangerine i kahi whist, ʻaʻole lākou e quack, e like me ko lākou mau hoahānau ʻē aʻe i ka ʻohana.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Pālani Mandarin
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o kēia mau moa wai nani ko lākou monogamy. ʻO kēlā ʻano kūpaʻa i kekahi i kekahi ua hoʻolilo lākou iā lākou i ka Hikina i hōʻailona o kahi hui male ikaika. Hoʻomaka ke kāne e pāʻani i nā pāʻani moʻa i ke kakahiaka nui. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka plumage mālamalama e ʻumeʻume i ka wahine, akā ʻaʻole kū ka drake ma laila, ʻauʻau ʻo ia i loko o ka wai i nā pōʻai, hoʻāla i nā hulu lōʻihi ma ke kua o kona poʻo, a laila hoʻonui ka ʻike i kona nui. Hiki i nā mea noi ke nānā aku ma hope o hoʻokahi pālule. Ma hope o ka koho ʻana a ka lede, kūpaʻa mau kēia mau mea no ke ola. Inā make kekahi o nā hoa, a laila waiho wale ka mea ʻē aʻe.
Hāʻule ke kau male ma ka hopena o Malaki, e hoʻomaka ana ʻo ʻApelila. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻike ka wahine iā ia i kahi mehameha i loko o ka lua o kahi kumulāʻau a kūkulu paha i kahi pūnana ma kahi pā makani, ma lalo o nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau, kahi e waiho ai ʻo ia mai ʻehā a ʻumikūmālua mau hua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: e hoʻoluʻolu i kēia mau manu e noho a piʻi i nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, ua hāʻawi ke kūlohelohe i ko lākou mau wāwae me nā māiʻuʻu e hiki ai ke pili i ka ʻili a paʻa paʻa i ka ʻāʻī i ka lei aliʻi.
I ka wā o ka incubation, a aneane hoʻokahi mahina kēia, lawe mai ke kāne i ka meaʻai i kāna hoa, kōkua iā ia e ola i kēia wā kūleʻa a paʻakikī hoʻi.
Hoʻoikaika nui nā pēpē mai nā hua manu keʻokeʻo mai nā hola mua. Hoihoi loa ka "paʻi" mua. ʻOiai kū kēia mau ʻūlū i nā lua a i nā ʻāpana o nā pōhaku, he mea pilikia paha ka hele ʻana i ka wai no nā pēpē hiki ʻole ke lele. Iho ka makuahine mandarin i lalo a kāhea i nā keiki ma ke ʻāwīwī ʻana. Lele aku nā pulu wiwo ʻole mai ka pūnana mai, a pā ikaika loa i ka honua, akā lele koke i luna o kā lākou mau wāwae a hoʻomaka e holo.
Ma hope o ke kali ʻana a hiki i ka pau ʻana o nā ʻūlū ma ka honua, alakaʻi lākou iā lākou i ka wai. Hele koke lākou i lalo i ka wai, ʻauʻau maikaʻi a me ka ʻeleu. Hoʻomaka koke nā pēpē e hānai no kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī: nā mea kanu lau nahele, nā ʻanoʻano, nā ʻenuhe, nā ilo, nā crustacea liʻiliʻi a me nā molluscs.
Inā pono a inā he pilikia, hūnā kahi ʻāpō me nā pua i loko o nā mānoanoa kahakai, a me kahi drake mālama a wiwo ʻole hoʻi, e hoʻoulu ana i ke "ahi iā ia iho", e hoʻohuli i nā mea ʻaihue. Hoʻomaka e lele ʻo Chicks i hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa.
I ʻelua mau mahina ma hope mai, ua kūʻokoʻa loa nā ʻōlio ʻōpio. Molt nā kāne ʻōpio a hana i kā lākou hipa. Aia ke oʻo makua i kēia mau ʻino i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana he ʻehiku a me ka hapa makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā pākā mandarin
Kiʻi: Pāpā mandarin kāne
I ke kūlohelohe, ʻo nā ʻenemi o nā ʻāpala kēlā mau holoholona i hiki ke luku i nā pūnana i nā lua lāʻau. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā rodents e like me nā squirrels ke komo i loko o ka lua a ʻahaʻaina ma nā hua mandarin. ʻO nā ʻīlio Raccoon, ʻaʻole ʻai wale nā otters i nā hua manu, akā alualu pū nō hoʻi i nā ʻāʻī ʻōpio a me nā ʻāpua makua hoʻi, ʻaʻole nui a ʻaʻole hiki ke kūʻē inā loaʻa lākou i ke pūʻiwa.
ʻO Ferrets, minks, nā ʻelele a kekahi o nā mustelid, nā ʻalopeke, a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, ka nui o ia mau mea e ʻimi ai i kēia moa wai liʻiliʻi, hoʻoweliweli maoli iā lākou. Alualu ʻia lākou e nā moʻo, ʻo kā lākou mea i make he mau moa a me nā hua manu. ʻO nā manu lele: ʻaeto pueo, ʻaʻohe pueo hoʻi e ʻaʻa i ka ʻai ʻana i nā tangerine.
He kūlana kūikawā kā Poachers i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka heluna kanaka i nā wahi maoli. Pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana no kēia mau manu nani, akā ʻaʻole lākou e luku ʻia no ka ʻiʻo, akā no ka nui o ko lākou mau pua. Hele nā manu i nā taxidermists e lilo i holoholona i ukana. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka pā ʻana o kahi ʻāpana mandarin i ka wā hopu holoholona no nā ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai i ka lewa he paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā manu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana duck.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻaʻole ʻimi ʻia ka ʻie Mandarin no kāna ʻiʻo, no ka mea ʻono maikaʻi ʻole ia. Hāʻawi kēia i ka mālama ʻana i nā manu i ke kūlohelohe.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pīkē Mandarin ma Moscow
Ua hele a puni nā peʻa Mandarin ma Asia hikina. ʻO nā hana a ke kanaka, ka wao nahele, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui i nā wahi noho kūpono no kēia mau manu. Ua nalowale lākou mai nā wahi he nui kahi i loaʻa ai kā lākou mau pūnana ma mua.
Ma hope i ka makahiki 1988, ua helu ʻia ka pā mandarin i loko o ka puke ʻulaʻula ma ke ʻano he lāhui ʻaneʻane pau. I ka makahiki 1994, ua hoʻololi ʻia kēia kūlana i kahi makaʻu haʻahaʻa, a mai ka 2004, aia kēia mau manu i ka hoʻoweliweli haʻahaʻa loa.
ʻOiai ke ʻano i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka a me ka piʻina o ka nohona kūlohelohe, he nui ka nui o kēia mahele o nā pēpē i ka puʻunaue ʻia ʻana a ʻaʻole helu ʻia kā lākou helu i nā waiwai koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole wikiwiki ka hāʻule ʻana o nā helu iā ia iho, ua emi ia ma mua o 30% i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi, ʻaʻole ia he kumu no ka hopohopo no kēia ʻano.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi nui no ka hoʻihoʻi hapa ʻana o ka heluna kanaka ka pāpā o ka rafting morale. He mau aelike mālama mālama ko Lūkia no nā manu neʻe me Iapana, Kōlea a me Kina, me nā tangerine.
I mea e hoʻonui hou ai i ka lehulehu o kēia mau manu nani ma ka Hikina hikina, nā loea:
- ka nānā ʻana i ke kūlana o nā laha;
- nānā ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā hana palekana kaiapuni;
- kau ʻia nā pūnana ʻino ma kapa o ka muliwai, keu hoʻi ma nā wahi kokoke i nā mālama kūlohelohe,
- hana ʻia nā wahi pale hou a hoʻonui ʻia nā mea kahiko.
Ka pale ʻana i nā ʻāpana mandarin
Kiʻi: Pālani Mandarin mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
I Lūkia, pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā tangerine, aia kēia manu i lalo o ka pale o ka mokuʻāina. ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o 30 tausani hiʻohiʻona i ka Hikina Hikina, ma Primorye. Nui nā wahi i pale ʻia kahi e hiki ai i ka moa wai ke noho manuahi ma nā kapa o nā waihona. ʻO kēia nā Sikhote-Alinsky, Ussuriysky reserves, Kedrovaya Pad, Khingansky, Lazovsky, Bolshekhekhtsirsky reserves.
I ka makahiki 2015, ma ka ʻāpana o ka muliwai Bikin ma ka Teritori Primorsky, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pā mālama mālama kūlohelohe hou, kahi he nui nā wahi kūpono no ke ola o nā ʻāiki pākī mandarin. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia ma kahi o 65,000 - 66,000 mau kānaka i ka honua (i koho ʻia e Wetlands International mai 2006).
ʻOkoʻa ʻē aʻe nā kuhi ʻāpana o kēia mau manu lūlū a ma ka ʻāina:
- Kina - ma kahi o 10 tausani mau pā hānau hānau;
- Taiwan - ma kahi o 100 mau pā hānau;
- Kōlea - ma kahi o 10 tausani mau pā hānau hānau;
- Iapana - a i 100 mau pālua hānau hānau.
Eia hou, aia kekahi mau manu hoʻoilo i kēia mau ʻāina. Hana hānai ʻia nā pēpē Mandarin i nā ʻāina he nui, kahi e loaʻa ai lākou i kēia manawa i ke kūlohelohe: ma Sepania, nā Mokupuni Canary, ʻAukekulia, Pelekiuma, Netherlands, ʻEnelani, Denmark, Palani, Kelemania, Slovenia a me Kuikilana. Aia nā pākē mandarin akā ʻaʻole hānau ma Hong Kong, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Nepal a me Myanmar. Aia nā hui kaʻawale he nui o kēia mau manu i United States.
Nā hōʻailona o ka hui male ikaika, hoʻonani kēia mau manu wai maikaʻi i nā zoo a puni ka honua. Ma kahi e ʻae ai nā kūlana climatic, hānai ʻia lākou i nā loko wai o ke kūlanakauhale, a mālama kekahi poʻe i nā ʻāpō e like me nā holoholona. Maʻalahi ke hoʻolalau a hoʻomanawanui i kēia mau manu i ke pio ʻana.
Lā paʻi: 19.06.2019
Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 20:38
