Mano Greenland lohi loa ia, akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, ola ia i kahi manawa lōʻihi loa, ʻo kēia kekahi o nā mea kupaianaha maoli o ke ʻano: ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona ola a me kona hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka wai hau. No nā iʻa o kēia nui, kū hoʻokahi kēia mau hiʻohiʻona. Ma waho aʻe, ʻokoʻa kona "ʻohana" hema, mālie loa ʻo ia a ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli i ka poʻe.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Manō Greenland
ʻO ka luna nui o nā iʻa iʻa predatory i kapa ʻia he manō, ko lākou inoa ma ka Lākina ʻo Selachii. ʻO nā mea kahiko o lākou, nā hybodontids, i kū mai i ka wā ʻo Devonona Nui. Ua nalowale ka selachia kahiko i ka wā o ka luku ʻia ʻana o Permian, e wehe ana i ke ala no ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano i koe a me ko lākou hoʻololi ʻana i mau manō hou.
Aia ko lākou hiʻohiʻona i ka hoʻomaka o ka Mesozoic a hoʻomaka me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā manō a me nā kukuna kūpono. I loko o nā wā Jurassic Lalo a me Waena, aia kekahi hanana evolution, a laila aneane pau nā kauoha o kēia au i hoʻokumu ʻia, me nā katraniformes, kahi nona ka manō Greenland.
Wikiō: Greenland Shark
Ua ʻumeʻume ʻia ka manō, a hiki i kēia lā ʻume ʻia lākou e ke kai mehana, pehea e noho ai kekahi o lākou i ke kai anuanu a hoʻololi e noho i loko o ia mau mea ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia, a i ka wā hea kēia i hana ʻia - ʻo kēia kekahi o nā nīnau e noho nei i nā mea noiʻi. ...
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o nā manō Greenland i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1801 e Marcus Bloch lāua ʻo Johann Schneider. A laila ua loaʻa iā lākou ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo Squalus microcephalus - ka huaʻōlelo mua ʻo katrana, unuhi ʻia ka lua ma ke ʻano "poʻo liʻiliʻi".
Ma hope, me kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka ʻohana somnios, ʻoiai e hoʻomau ana i ka ʻoka o nā catraniforms. No laila, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka inoa laha i Somniosus microcephalus.
I ka makahiki 2004, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā manō, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma mua me Greenlandic, he ʻano kaʻawale ʻokoʻa - kapa ʻia lākou ʻo Antarctic. E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, noho lākou i ka Antarctic - a i loko wale nō, ʻoiai nā Greenlandic - ma ka Arctic wale nō.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui loa o kēia manō ʻo kona lōʻihi. ʻO kēlā mau kānaka i ʻike ʻia ko lākou mau makahiki, ʻo ka mea kahiko he 512 mau makahiki. Hana kēia iā ia i ka vertebrate ola kahiko. ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana āpau o kēia laha, inā ʻaʻole lākou e make i nā ʻeha a nā maʻi paha, hiki ke ola i nā makahiki he mau haneli mau makahiki.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Greenland Arctic Shark
Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻano torpedo-like, ʻike maka ʻia nā pelekikena ma kona kino i kahi liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka nui o nā manō, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi ka nui o lākou. Ma ke ʻano laulā, hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻole ʻia lākou, e like me ka ʻau o ka huelo, a no laila ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka wikiwiki o ka manō Greenland.
ʻAʻole kaulana loa ke poʻo ma muli o ka ihu pōkole a pōʻai. Liʻiliʻi nā kī o nā aniani i ka nui o ka manō ponoʻī. He haiki nā niho o luna, ʻo ka mea haʻahaʻa, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ākea, a ʻoi aku, pālahalaha ʻia a beveled, ʻokoʻa i nā ʻāpana like.
ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o kēia manō ma kahi o 3-5 mau mika, a ʻo ke kaupaona he 300-500 kilokilo. Lohi mālie ka ulu ʻana o ka manō Greenland, akā ola nō ia no kahi manawa lōʻihi - mau haneli mau makahiki, a i kēia manawa hiki i nā mea kahiko ke hiki i 7 mau mika a kaupaona ʻia i 1,500 kilogram.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā mea like ʻole: ʻo ka māmā he hue hina-hina, a ʻo nā mea ʻeleʻele ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. Hōʻike ʻia nā pale kuʻuna āpau. Aia ke kala i ka nohona a me nā ʻano meaʻai o ka manō, a hiki ke hoʻololi lohi. Maʻa mau ia, akā i kekahi manawa aia nā wahi pouli a keʻokeʻo paha ma ke kua.
Mea hoihoi: wehewehe ka ʻepekema i ka lōʻihi o ke kū ʻana o Greenland manā e ka mea noho lākou i kahi anuanu - lohi loa ka metabolism o ko lākou kino, a no laila mālama ʻia nā mea ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Hāʻawi paha ke aʻo ʻana o kēia mau manō i kī i ka lohi ʻana o ka ʻelemakule kanaka..
Ma hea e noho ai ka manō Greenland?
Kiʻi: Manō Greenland
Noho wale lākou i ka Arctic, nā kai hau paʻa - ʻākau o kekahi manō ʻē aʻe. Maʻalahi ka wehewehe ʻana: makemake nui ka manō Greenland i ke anuanu a, i hoʻokahi manawa i ke kai mehana, make koke, no ka mea ua hoʻopili wale ʻia kona kino i ka wai anuanu. ʻO ka mahana o ka wai i makemake ʻia no ia ma ka pae mai 0.5 a 12 ° C.
ʻO ka wahi nui o kāna wahi noho kai nā kai o ka Moana ʻAkelanika a me ka Arctic Ocean, akā ʻaʻole ka mea āpau - ʻo ka mea mua, noho lākou ma kahakai o Kanada, Greenland a me nā kai ʻākau o ʻEulopa, akā i nā mea e holoi iā Rūsia mai ka ʻākau, he kakaikahi loa lākou.
Nā wahi noho nui:
- ma kahakai o ka moku ʻĀkau hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (Maine, Massachusetts);
- ke kai kūʻono o St. Lawrence;
- ke Kai Labrador;
- Kai Baffin;
- Ke Kai Greenland;
- Kahawai o Biscay;
- Kai ʻĀkau;
- nā wai e pili ana iā ʻIlalani a me ʻIolani.
ʻO ka hapanui hiki ke loaʻa pololei iā lākou ma ka papa, kokoke i ke kapakai o ka ʻāina nui a i ʻole nā mokupuni, akā i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke ʻau i loko o ka wai kai, a hohonu a 2,200 mika. Akā maʻamau ʻaʻole lākou e iho i lalo i kahi hohonu loa - i ke kauwela ʻauʻau lākou i mau haneli mau mika ma lalo o ka papa.
I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe lākou kokoke i ke kahakai, i kēia manawa hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i ka nalu heʻe nalu a i ka nuku muliwai paha, i ka wai pāpaʻu. ʻIke ʻia kahi loli i ka hohonu i ka lā: kekahi mau manō mai ka heluna kanaka i ke kai Baffin, kahi e nānā ʻia nei, ua iho i kahi hohonu o kekahi mau haneli mau mika i ke kakahiaka, a mai ke awakea piʻi lākou i luna, a pēlā i kēlā me kēia lā.
He aha ka meaʻai a ka manō Greenland?
Kiʻi: Greenland Arctic Shark
ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomohala i ke kiʻekiʻe wale nō, akā i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki: ʻo kona palena he 2.7 km / h, ʻoi aku ka lohi ma mua o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. A ʻāwīwī mau kēia nona - ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke mālama i kahi wikiwiki "kiʻekiʻe" no kekahi manawa lōʻihi, a hoʻomōhala pinepine iā 1-1.8 km / h. Me nā ʻano wikiwiki, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau i ka hopu i ke kai.
Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia lohi e ka mea ʻoi aku ka pōkole o kāna mau lihilihi, a nui ka nui, a ʻo ia hoʻi, no ka lohi o ka metabolism, ua lohi ka ʻaelike ʻana o kona mau mākia: ʻehiku kekona e hana ʻo ia i hoʻokahi neʻe me kāna huelo.
Eia nō naʻe, hānai ka manō ʻo Greenland i nā holoholona i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o kona iho - paʻakikī loa e hopu iā ia a, inā mākou e hoʻohālikelike me ke kaupaona, ehia mau mea pio a ka manō Greenland i hiki ke hopu a ʻo kekahi wikiwiki e noho ana i nā kai mehana, ʻokoʻa loa ka hopena. a ma o nā kauoha o ka nui - kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole i ka Greenlandic.
Eia nō naʻe, ua lawa ka lawa ʻana o kahi lawaiʻa haʻahaʻa nona, ʻoiai ʻo kāna makemake i kauoha ʻia o ka nui o ka nui ma mua o nā manō wikiwiki o ke kaupaona like - pili kēia i ka mea like o ka metabolism lohi.
Ke kumu o ka papaʻai manō Greenland:
- he iʻa;
- stingrays;
- huehue;
- kai māmala kai.
ʻOi aku ka hoihoi o ka hope: ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o lākou, a no laila, ʻoiai lākou e ala ala, ʻaʻohe o ka manō e hopu iā lākou. No laila, ke kali nei ʻo ia no lākou e hiamoe ana - a hiamoe lākou i loko o ka wai i ʻole e lilo i mau bear polar. ʻO kēia wale nō ke ala e hiki ai i ka manō Greenland ke hoʻokokoke aku iā lākou a ʻai i ka ʻiʻo, no ka laʻana, he sila.
Hiki iā ia ke ʻai i ke kino: ʻaʻole hiki ke pakele, ke ʻole e lawe ʻia e kahi nalu wikiwiki, a ma hope e hiki ʻole i ka manō Greenland ke hoʻomau. No laila, i loko o nā ʻōpū o ka poʻe i hopu ʻia, ua loaʻa ke koena o nā dia a me nā bea, kahi i hiki ʻole i nā manō ke hopu iā lākou iho.
Inā ʻau aku ka manō maʻamau i ka pilau o ke koko, a laila ʻumeʻume ʻia ʻo Greenlandic e ka ʻiʻo pala, no ka mea, ukali lākou i kekahi manawa i nā moku lawaiʻa i nā hui āpau a ʻai i nā holoholona i hoʻolei ʻia i waho o lākou.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Old Greenland Shark
Ma muli o kā lākou hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hana mālie nā manō ʻo Greenland i nā mea āpau: ʻauʻau, huli, puka a luʻu lākou. Ma muli o kēia, ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi kūlana ma ke ʻano he iʻa palaualelo, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, iā lākou iho, ua wikiwiki kēia mau hana āpau, a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he palaualelo lākou.
ʻAʻohe o lākou lohe maikaʻi, akā loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻala maikaʻi loa, ka mea a lākou i hilinaʻi nui ai i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai - he paʻakikī loa ke kāhea ʻana iā ia he hahai holoholona. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻāpana nui o ka lā i kēia ʻimi. Hāʻawi ke koena o ka manawa i ka hoʻomaha, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonele i ka nui o ka ikehu.
Hāʻawi ʻia lākou me ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka poʻe, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe hana ʻino ma kā lākou ʻaoʻao: ʻike ʻia nā hihia wale nō i ka wā i ukali ai lākou i nā moku a i ʻole nā mea like ʻole, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hōʻike i nā manaʻo huhū.
ʻOiai i loko o nā moʻolelo moʻomeheu o Icelandic, ʻike ʻia ka manō ʻo Greenlandic i ke kauō ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā kānaka, akā, ke hoʻokolokolo ʻia nei e nā mea i ʻike hou ʻia i kēia wā, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻohālikelike wale ʻia, a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole lākou he mea weliweli i nā kānaka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻaʻohe ʻae a ka poʻe noiʻi inā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka manō Greenland ma ke ʻano he meaola me ka ʻelemakule hiki ʻole ke hōʻemi ʻia. Ua lilo lākou i ʻano laha lōʻihi loa: ʻaʻole ulu ka kino o ko lākou kino ma muli o ka manawa, akā make lākou i nā ʻeha a i ʻole nā maʻi. Ua hōʻoia ʻia i loko o kēia mau meaola nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, nā kuhukukū, mollusks, hydra.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Manō Greenland
Hele ʻokoʻa loa nā makahiki no lākou - ʻoi aku ka ʻike ʻole ʻia ma mua o ka poʻe, no ka mea lohi mālie nā hana āpau i ko lākou kino. No laila, hiki lākou i ka moekolohe ma kahi o ka makahiki o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa: i kēlā manawa, ulu nā kāne ma ka awelika a 3 mau mika, a hiki i nā wahine hoʻokahi a me ka hapa ka nui.
Hoʻomaka ka manawa no ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana i ke kauwela, ma hope o ka momona, hānau ka wahine i mau hua he mau haneli, ʻo ka awelika o 8-12 i hoʻomohala piha ʻia e hanau ʻia nā mano, ua hānau ʻia i ka nui o nā nui - ma kahi o 90 kenimika. Haʻalele ka wahine iā lākou ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana a mālama ʻole.
Pono pono nā keiki hānau hou e ʻimi no ka meaʻai a hakakā me nā mea ʻaihue - i nā makahiki mua o ke ola, make ka hapa nui o lākou, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hōkai ma nā wai ʻākau ma mua o nā mea mehana o ka hema. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia ko lākou lohi, no ka mea aneane pale ʻole lākou - pōmaikaʻi, ma ka liʻiliʻi nui nā nui e pale iā lākou mai nā mea hoʻouka kaua he nui.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻaʻole hana nā manō Greenland i nā otolith i loko o ka pepeiao o loko, kahi i paʻakikī e hoʻoholo i ko lākou mau makahiki - he kenekulia lākou, ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola.
Ua hoʻonā ʻia ka pilikia me ke kōkua o ke kālailai radiocarbon o nā aniani: ke kū ʻana o nā protein i loko o ia mea ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o kahi manō, a ʻaʻole lākou e loli i kona ola holoʻokoʻa. No laila ua hoʻololi ʻia e ola nā mākua i nā kenekulia.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka manō Greenland
Kiʻi: Greenland Arctic Shark
He mau ʻenemi ko ka manō mākua: o nā mea ʻai nui i nā kai anuanu, ʻike nui ʻia nā koholā pepehi kanaka. Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe ma ka papa kuhikuhi a ka kohola kohola, e hoʻopili pū ʻia nā manō Greenland He haʻahaʻa lākou ma nā kohola kohola i ka nui a me ka wikiwiki, a hiki ʻole ke kūʻē iā lākou.
No laila, lilo lākou i mea pio maʻalahi, akā pehea ka nui o kā lākou ʻiʻo e huki ai i nā koholā pepehi kanaka ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu paʻa - ma hope o nā mea āpau, ua māʻona me ka urea, a he mea hōʻino ia i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona he nui. Ma waena o nā mea hōkai ʻē aʻe o ke kai ʻākau, ʻaʻohe mea o nā mākua Greenland makua e hoʻoweliweli ʻia.
Make ka hapa nui o lākou ma muli o ke kanaka, ʻoiai ʻo ka loaʻa ʻole o ka lawaiʻa ʻeleu. Aia kekahi manaʻo i waena o nā lawaiʻa e ʻai lākou i ka iʻa mai ka mea lawaiʻa a ʻānai aku iā ia, no ka mea, ʻo kekahi o nā lawaiʻa, inā ʻike lākou i ia ʻano ʻoki, ʻokiʻoki i ka moʻo o ka huelo, a laila hoʻolei iā ia i loko o ke kai - maoli, make ia
Hoʻonāukiuki ʻia lākou e nā parasites, a ʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka worm, e komo i nā maka. ʻAi mālie lākou i nā mea o ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa, no ka mea o ia mea ke ʻano o ka deterioration, a i kekahi manawa hele makapō ka iʻa. Ma nā maka o lākou, hiki i nā copepods luminous ke noho - hōʻike ʻia ko lākou alo e kahi ʻōlinolino ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: hiki i nā manō Greenland ke ola i nā kūlana Arctic e ka trimethylamine oxide i loko o nā aʻa o ke kino, me ke kōkua o nā protein i loko o ke kino e hoʻomau i ka hana ma nā mahana ma lalo o ° C - me ka ʻole o ia, e nalowale ke kūpaʻa. A ʻo nā glycoproteins i hana ʻia e kēia manō lawelawe me he antifreeze.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Old Greenland Shark
ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻohui ʻia i ka helu o nā laha ʻaneʻane pau, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia lākou he pōmaikaʻi - aia lākou ke kūlana kokoke i nāwaliwali. Loaʻa kēia i ka pae haʻahaʻa o ka heluna kanaka, e emi mālie nei, ʻoiai haʻahaʻa ka waiwai kūʻai o kēia iʻa.
Akā naʻe naʻe - ʻo ka mea mua, mahalo ʻia ka momona o ko lākou ake. Nui loa kēia ʻōhua, hiki i kona nuipaʻa ke piʻi i 20% o ka nui o ke kino o ka manō. ʻO kona ʻiʻo maka he mea make, alakaʻi ia i ka lāʻau make, haʻalulu, a i kekahi mau hihia, make. Akā me ka hana wā lōʻihi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka haukarl a ʻai iā ia.
Ma muli o ke akepaʻa waiwai a me ka hiki ke hoʻohana i kaʻiʻo, ua paʻa ikaika ka manō Greenland ma Iceland a me Greenland, no ka mea ʻaʻole ākea loa ke koho. Akā i ke kenekulia i hala iho nei, ʻaneʻane loaʻa ʻole kahi lawaiʻa, a ua hopu ʻia ma ke ʻano he lawaiʻa.
ʻO ka lawaiʻa haʻuki, kahi e ʻeha ai ka manō he nui, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e pili ana iā ia: ʻaʻohe hoihoi iki i ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka lohi a me ka lethargy, ʻaʻohe hāʻawi kūʻēʻē. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana me ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kahi lula, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe hoihoi iki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka hana hoʻomākaukau haukarl maʻalahi: maʻalahi ka ʻiʻo manō e ʻokiʻoki ʻia i mau ʻāpana i loko o nā ipu i piha me nā ʻiliʻili a me nā puka o nā paia. Ma kahi lōʻihi o ka manawa - maʻa mau he 6-12 mau pule, "moe" lākou, a kahe nā wai i loaʻa ka urea iā lākou.
Ma hope o kēlā, lawe ʻia kaʻiʻo, waiho ʻia ma nā lou a waiho ʻia e hoʻomaloʻo i ka lewa no 8-18 mau pule. A laila ʻoki ʻia ka palaoa - a hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, kikoʻī loa ke ʻono, e like me ka pilau - ʻaʻole kahaha, hāʻawi ʻia he ʻai popopo kēia. No laila, aneane pau ka hopu ʻana o ka manō Greenland i ka hopu ʻia ʻana a ʻai ʻia ke ʻike ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ma kekahi mau wahi e hoʻomau ʻia ke kuke ʻana i ka haukarl, a ʻo nā ʻaha hoʻolaʻa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no kēia pā i mālama ʻia i nā kūlanakauhale ʻo Icelandic.
Mano Greenland - kahi iʻa makaʻu ʻole a hoihoi loa e aʻo. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mea nui e pale aku ai i ka emi hou ʻana o kāna heluna kanaka, no ka mea, he mea nui ia no nā holoholona Arctic ʻilihuna. Lohi mālie nā manō a hana hua maikaʻi ʻole, a no laila paʻakikī e hoʻihoʻi i kā lākou helu ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana i nā waiwai koʻikoʻi.
Lā paʻi: 06/13/2019
Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 10:22
