Punawelewele maiʻa, a i ʻole kapa ʻia ʻo ia, ʻo ka mea ulana gula, a i ʻole ka nananana koa auwana, e pili ana i nā nananana kolohe. I ka 2018, ua komo ʻo ia i loko o ka Guinness Book of Records ma muli o ka ikaika o ka ʻawahia o kāna lāʻau make. Ua hele i mua ka lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia ao, mahalo i ke aʻo ʻana a nā kauka e hana ai i ka lāʻau antidote. Kōkua kēia i ka hōʻemi i ka nui o nā make ma hope o ka nahu ʻana o ka artropoda.
Kāhea ʻia kahi nananana i ka nananana maiʻa no ka mea ʻike pinepine ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻili o kahi hua, a i ʻole ma loko o ka ʻāpana maiʻa. No laila, pālahalaha kokoke ia i ka honua holoʻokoʻa a waiho i kahi makaʻu nui.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Punawelewele maiʻa
ʻO ka nananana maiʻa i nā arachnids arropnids, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke kaʻina o nā nananana, ʻohana Neililae, ka lāhui ʻo Nefila.
ʻO nā punawelewele he ʻelele kū hoʻokahi o ka flora a me nā holoholona. Mālama wale lākou e ulana i kahi pūnaewele a loaʻa iā 8 paws. Ua hoʻonāukiuki kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i nā ʻepekema kahiko e manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole kēia mau mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka Honua, akā ua hele mai lākou mai kahi honua ʻokoʻa loa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā koena o nā kūpuna kahiko o nā nananana i kēia manawa i hiki ke hōʻole i kēia kumumanaʻo.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema o kēia au ke hoʻoholo i ka manawa kikoʻī o ke ʻano o nā nananana ma ka honua. Loaʻa kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua luku koke ʻia ka pūpū chitinous o arachnids. ʻO ka mea koe wale nō nā koena o nā kūpuna kahiko o nā arachnids o kēia manawa, i ola a hiki i kēia lā mahalo i ka amber a i ʻole nā ʻāpana o ka resin paʻakikī.
Video: Banana Spider
Wahi a nā mea i loaʻa, ua hiki i nā ʻepekema ke inoa i ka manawa kokoke o ke ʻano o nā arachnids - aia ma kahi o 200-250 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO nā spider mua loa i ʻano ʻokoʻa loa mai nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia laha. Heʻuʻuku ko lākou kino nui a me kahi huelo, i manaʻo ʻia no ka ulana ʻana i nā pūnaewele. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā filament sticky ka mea hana manawaleʻa ʻole. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā pae e ulana pūnaewele, akā e hoʻopili i ko lākou mau lua a mālama i nā cocoons.
Kāhea nā ʻepekema ʻo Gondwana kahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā arachnids. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o Pangea, hoʻolaha koke nā arachnids i kū i kēlā manawa ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua. ʻO ka wā o ka hau i hiki mai ka wā i liʻiliʻi loa ai nā wahi o nā wahi noho o ka arachnids ma ka honua.
No ka manawa mua, ua wehewehe ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana nui a me ka helehelena o ka nananana maiʻa e ka mea noiʻi Kelemania ʻo Maximilian Perti i ka makahiki 1833. Hāʻawi ʻo ia iā ia i inoa, a ma ka unuhi ʻana mai ka ʻōlelo Helene i unuhi ʻia he "pepehi kanaka".
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Punawelewele maiʻa ma ʻAmelika
ʻAʻohe o nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī a i ʻole nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiona ke ʻano o nā nananana maiʻa. Hiki ke huikau ʻia me kekahi punawelewele ʻē aʻe. He ʻano dimorphism moekolohe kēia ʻano punawelewele - aneane ʻelua mau manawa ka nui o nā wahine i nā kāne i ka nui a me ke kaumaha o ke kino.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka hiʻohiʻona o nā koa ʻauana:
- ana o ke kino - 1.5-4.5 kenimika;
- nā lālā lōʻihi, ka nui o kekahi i kekahi i hiki i 15 kenimika. ʻO Chelicerae i ka hapanui o nā kānaka he ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. Hoʻoweliweli kēia i nā mea hōʻaiʻē ʻē aʻe i mākaukau e ʻimi i nā nananana. ʻO nā lālā ʻē aʻe he mau apo i ʻōuli uliuli i ke kala;
- ua hōʻike ʻia ke kino e nā ʻāpana ʻelua: ʻo ka ʻōpū kūkeke a me ka cephalothorax;
- uhi ʻia ke kino me nā huluhulu mānoanoa, paʻakikī;
- ʻeleʻele ke kala, kokoke i ʻeleʻele. He ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele burgundy kekahi mau kānaka;
- ke kala o ka arthropod ma muli o ka ʻāina a me nā kūlana nohona, ʻoiai ke kala o ke kino e like me ke camouflage;
- e holo ana kahi kaha ʻeleʻele i ke kino.
ʻO nā lālā lōʻihi ka hiʻohiʻona o ka nananana maiʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he ala wale no ka halihali, akā he mau lālā o ka hoʻopā a me ka pilau. Loaʻa iā lākou nā nui o nā mea loaʻa supersensitive. Aia he 8 mau hui ʻike ʻike ma ke poʻo. Mahalo i nā lālā o ka hihiʻo he nui, hāʻawi ʻia lākou i kahi ʻike 360-kekelē. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻaʻole i nā kiʻi maopopo wale nō, akā i nā aka, nā silhouette pākahi. He maikaʻi loa nā maiʻa maiʻa, pane koke i ka neʻe.
He mea hoihoi: ʻo kahi hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi o ke koa hele holoholo i manaʻo ʻia he ʻano ʻano nona wale nō ia. Ke hoʻouka, kū ʻo ia ma kona mau wāwae hope, hāpai a hoʻolahalaha i kona mau wāwae mua. I kēia kūlana, mākaukau ʻo ia no ka hoʻouka uila a hoʻokomo i kahi lāʻau ʻawaʻawa nui.
Ma hea e noho ai ka nananana maiʻa?
Kiʻi: Punawelewele maiʻa i ka maiʻa
ʻO ka helu nui loa o nā nananana maiʻa i paʻa i ʻAmelika Hema. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke loaʻa ka nananana maiʻa i nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
Nā ʻāpana ʻāina o ke koa hele auwana:
- Koka Rika;
- Alekina;
- Kolomepia;
- Wenezuela;
- Ekuakola;
- Bolivia;
- Nuhōlani;
- Makakakeka;
- Palakila;
- Palakuae;
- Panama.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka ʻĀkau hikina o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he wahi noho i nā ululāʻau equatorial. ʻO nā lau o nā mea kanu like ʻole, pili paʻa, hāʻawi i kahi puʻuhonua hauʻoli a palekana hoʻi no nā nananana. Pēlā e hele ai nā mea kolo ma nā kumu maiʻa, a hui pū me nā lau a me nā pūpū hua. ʻO kahi hōʻailona o ko lākou alo he hamo keʻokeʻo a i ʻole nā puʻupuʻu, a me nā puʻupuʻu pouli hoʻi ma lalo o ka ʻili o nā hua.
Mea hoihoi: i loko o ke kino o nā nananana maiʻa, ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano ʻanuʻu ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe hoʻokahi, akā ʻehiku mau ʻōpū like. Hana kēlā me kēia o lākou i kāna hana iho. Aia kekahi gland i ke kuleana o ka pale ʻana i nā cocoons, a i ʻole ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, a me nā gland no ka hana ʻana i kahi pūnaewele ikaika.
Ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā kolo i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Mālama pinepine ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he holoholona. He mea maʻamau ka noho ʻana o nā spider i nā lua, alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona nomadic, hiki iā lākou ke peʻe ma lalo o nā pōhaku, nā snags. I ke kaʻina o ka neʻe ʻana, piʻi pinepine nā spider i nā hale kanaka. ʻAʻole ʻae nā koa Itinerant i ka wela nui, e hoʻāʻo nei e hūnā i nā kihi i haʻalele ʻia, kahi mea weliweli nui i ka poʻe e noho ana i ka hale.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka nananana maiʻa. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a kahi nananana?
Kiʻi: Punawelewele maiʻa
ʻO nā koa hele auwana e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia nā pepelu omnivorous. ʻAi lākou i nā mea a pau i hiki iā lākou ke hopu i kā lākou ʻupena hei. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i ka meaʻai o nā kumu mea kanu - maiʻa, a i nā hua o nā lāʻau hua ʻē aʻe.
He aha ka mea lawelawe ma ke kahua hānai meaʻai:
- nalo;
- midges;
- ʻūhini;
- ʻenuhe;
- nā mea kolo;
- kekahi, arachnids liʻiliʻi;
- nā moʻo;
- nā ʻano amphibians like ʻole;
- nā ʻano manu like ʻole;
- nahesa;
- kiwi.
Hoʻohana nā punawelewele i nā ʻano mea like ʻole e kiʻi i kahi kumu meaʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke ulana i nā ʻupena hei paʻa ikaika loa, me ia mau mea e hoʻolako ai lākou iā lākou iho me nā meaʻai.
Mea hoihoi: i kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka nui o ka laina lawaiʻa ke hiki i 2 mau mika! He kūpaʻa kupaianaha ia, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke mālama i kahi manu, kahi moʻo liʻiliʻi a iʻa paha he nahesa i hopu ʻia i loko ona.
Hiki i nā punawelewele ke ʻimi i kā lākou mea pio i koho ʻia. Koho lākou i kahi mea hiki ke loaʻa, hopu iā ia i ka emo o ka maka, kū i ko lākou mau wāwae hope a hoʻouka, e hoʻokomo ana i ka lāʻau make make. Ma lalo o ka hana a ka lāʻau make, ua maʻi lōlō ka mea i hōʻino ʻia a ʻeli ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kāna ʻaoʻao i loko. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, inu wale nā kolo i nā mea o loko o kā lākou pio.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka maiʻa spider banana he mea ʻawahia loa. E pepehi i ka ʻiole kaulike, pono lākou i 6 mau microgram o ka huna ʻona. Eia naʻe, i ka loaʻa ʻana i kekahi mea i hōʻeha ʻia i kāna ʻupena ikaika, ʻaʻole wikiwiki ka ʻūpā wahine e pepehi iā ia. Pālolo ʻia ka mānoanoa e ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i ka lāʻau make a cocooned mai kahi pūnaewele. Ma hope o kēlā, ua kāpae ʻia ʻoiai e ola ana. No laila hiki ke mālama i ka mea pio no kekahi manawa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Punawelewele maiʻa i ke kūlohelohe
Hoʻolālā nā punawelewele i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa ma ka pūnaewele a lākou e hana ai. Hiki ke waiho ʻia i nā hale noho a i ʻole nā hale noho ʻole. Makemake lākou e alualu i ka pouli. Aia i loko o kēia wā e hoʻolei ai kā lākou pūnaewele i nā hōʻike kālā i mea e ʻumeʻume ai i nā mea i loaʻa. He mea ulana kūikawā nā nananana maiʻa. Synthesize nā glands kūikawā i loko o ko lākou kino i kahi kahe kikoʻī, kahi, ke ʻaelike nā ʻaʻa mākala, lilo i cobweb.
ʻO ka ulana ʻana o ka pūnaewele he wahine wale nō. Noho wale nā kāne kāne no ka hānau ʻana. ʻAi nā kāne i ke koena o kā ka wahine wahine pio. ʻOkoʻa nā spider maiʻa mai kā lākou ʻohana i ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana a me ka hopena wikiwiki. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā punawelewele i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i kēlā mau ʻelele o nā flora a me nā holoholona i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka nui, ka ikaika a me ka mana. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, i kahi hakakā me he mea kaulike ʻole, hoʻomalu nā spider i ka lanakila, ke hoʻokomo koke lākou i kā lākou mea ʻawahia nui. ʻIke ka ʻepekema i nā hihia ke hoʻokele nā spider i ka iole makua.
ʻAʻole mālama nā punawelewele i ka noho maʻa. Ke auwana mau nei lākou, no ka mea i loaʻa iā lākou ka inoa lua. Pono lākou e huakaʻi i kahi mamao. Hiki i nā kolo kele ke holo wikiwiki wale nō, akā e lele kiʻekiʻe hoʻi. ʻIke ʻia ka hana ʻoi loa i ka pō. I ka lā, peʻe nā spider i ka lau, ma nā lālā o nā ululāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau kokoke i nā punawelewele i ulana ʻia e lākou. ʻO ka lauoho, a i ʻole nā hulu, i kau ʻia ma nā lālā, ʻae iā ʻoe e pane i ka haʻalulu iki a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā kaula o ka nananana.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Punawelewele maiʻa
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā kāne kāne i nā wahine i ka nui a me ke kaumaha. Ma mua o ka male ʻana, huki lākou i ka manaʻo o kahi hoa kūpono me kahi ʻano hulahula a me ka hulahula ʻana me ko lākou mau lālā. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina moena, hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻomoe hua manu. Pāleʻa ka wahine i nā hua i kau ʻia me ka cocoon o nā cobwebs a kaulaʻi iā lākou me nā wili ikaika. Mālama ikaika nā wahine i kā lākou cocoons a hiki i ka puka ʻana o nā nananana mai iā lākou. Ma hope o 20-25 mau lā mai ka manawa o ke kau ʻana i loko o ka cocoon, ʻike ʻia nā kolo liʻiliʻi mai nā hua manu.
ʻO ka nui o hoʻokahi cocoon he mau kenimika. Aia nō paha kekahi o ia mau cocoons. I ka huina, hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke moe mai hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua a i ʻelua haneli a i kekahi mau tausani mau hua. Hoʻomaka pinepine ke kau moʻo o nā nananana maiʻa i ka mua o ʻApelila a hiki i ka hopena o ka puna. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina moena, ua holo wikiwiki kēlā me kēia kāne, e like me ka ʻai pinepine ʻana o nā wahine i kā lākou mau hoa ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kau male.
Hiki i nā punawelewele i ke ʻano moekolohe i ka makahiki ʻekolu o lākou. I loko o nā mahina he 12 i hala ke ola, hiki iā lākou ke kū i ka ʻumi molts. Me ka makahiki, hoʻemi ka helu o nā molts, a hoʻonui ka mea ʻino o ka lāʻau make. Ulu nā punawelewele i ka wā molt. ʻO ka awelika o ke ola o hoʻokahi punawelewele i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he 3-5 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā nananana maiʻa
Kiʻi: Punawelewele maiʻa i ka maiʻa
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā nananana maiʻa kekahi o nā mea ola weliweli a ʻona hoʻi ma ka honua, he ʻenemi kekahi o lākou.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka nananana:
- hawk tarantula hawk. ʻo ia ka nalo nui ma waena o nā mea āpau i ka honua. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ka huhū. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hoʻouka i nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe, he nananana wale nō. ʻ waspala wahine ʻūlū nahu, hoʻohaʻahaʻa iā lākou me kā lākou lāʻau ʻawahia. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomoe lākou i nā hua i loko o ke kino o ka arthropod a kauō iā lākou i kā lākou lua. Kū ka make ʻana o kahi punawelewele ma hope o ka ʻai ʻia ʻana o kona ʻaoʻao e kahi ʻāpana ʻāpā e hatch mai kahi hua manu;
- kekahi ʻano manu;
- kekahi mau ʻano amphibians a me nā mea kolo i loaʻa i loko o ka ululāʻau;
- kiwi.
Make pinepine nā punawelewele, e pale aku iā lākou iho i ka poʻe e hoʻoweliweli iā lākou. ʻAʻole lele nā Spider i ka mahuka ke ʻike ʻia ka makaʻu; pinepine lākou i kahi kūlana pale a pale iā lākou iho. Manaʻo ʻia nā punawelewele i ka hana hoʻomāinoino a weliweli loa hoʻi. ʻO ka makaʻu wale nō ka mea i kū i ke koa koa auwana wahine. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kāne ke hōʻeha i kekahi, ʻoi aku ka make o ka pepehi kanaka ʻana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Punawelewele maiʻa
I loko nō o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka noho ʻana o nā maiʻa maiʻa liʻiliʻi, liʻiliʻi kā lākou helu i kēia lā. ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, noho kēia mau kolo i loko o ka ululāʻau, ma ka ʻāina a lākou i ʻenemi ʻole ai. No nā kānaka, weliweli maoli kēia mau ʻōpū, a aia nō nā hihia nahu. I ka hanana o ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana me kahi nananana, ma muli o ka nahu ʻia o kahi kanaka, pono ʻoe e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau kūpono.
Ma muli o ka ʻole o ka hoʻoweliweli i nā mea kolo, ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia kahi kānāwai i nā ana kūikawā a i ʻole nā papahana e mālama ana i kā lākou helu, a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻana iā ia. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka nohona kūlohelohe o ka nananana maiʻa ʻo ʻAmelika Hema, hānai ʻia lākou i ka home ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua. ʻAʻole pono nā poʻomanaʻo o nā lālā ʻelima, exotic a kikoʻī loa o flora a me nā holoholona e hoʻopoina e pili ana i ka pilikia e lurking mau ana. He mea nui ia ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻano holoholona, pono ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa pono i nā kūlana a me nā lula no ka mālama ʻana.
Kūleʻa pinepine ka nananana maiʻa a puni ka honua i nā hua o ka inoa like. Mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa, ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia o kā lākou loaʻa ʻana i nā pahu a i ʻole nā pūʻolo me ka maiʻa. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau huaʻai, pono ʻoe e nānā pono iā lākou mai waho no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻupena, a i ʻole nā puʻupuʻu ʻeleʻele.
Ka lā paʻi: Iune 16, 2019
Lā hou: 25.09.2019 ma 13:34
