Ostrich Emu He manu ʻano ʻole ia. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e oli, akā namunamu; lele ʻole, akā hele a holo i ka wikiwiki o 50 km / h! Pili kēia mau manu i ka pūʻulu o nā manu lele ʻole, nā mea i kapa ʻia he poʻe holo (ratite). ʻO ia ka manu mua loa o nā manu, e laʻa me nā cassowaries, astriches a me rhea. ʻO Emus ka manu nui loa i loaʻa ma Australia a ʻo ka lua o ka nui ma ka honua.
ʻIke ʻia lākou i nā wahi ulu lāʻau a hoʻāʻo e hōʻalo i nā wahi i noho nui ʻia. ʻO kēia ka ʻike o ka emus i ko lākou kaiapuni ma mua o ka maka o ka maka. ʻOiai makemake ʻo emus e noho i nā wahi ulu lāʻau a ʻānai paha kahi e nui ai ka meaʻai a me kahi hoʻomaha, he mea nui na lākou e ʻike i nā mea e hana nei a puni lākou.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Ostrich emu
Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka emu e nā poʻe ʻEulopa ma 1696 i ka wā i kipa aku ai nā mea mākaʻikaʻi i ke komohana o Australia. ʻO kahi huakaʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e Kāpena Willem de Vlaming mai Holland e ʻimi nei i ka moku i nalowale. Ua haʻi mua ʻia nā manu ma lalo o ka inoa "Cassowary o New Holland" na Arthur Philip, ka mea i huakaʻi i Botany Bay i ka makahiki 1789.
ʻIke ʻia e John Ornithologist ornithologist i ka makahiki 1790, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma ka mokuna Australia o Sydney, ka ʻāina i ʻike ʻia ʻo New Holland i kēlā manawa. Ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā wehewehe a me nā inoa o nā ʻano manu he nui Australia. I kāna wehewehe kumu o ka emu i ka makahiki 1816, ua hoʻohana ʻo Louis Pierre Viejo i ka ornithologist Farani i ʻelua inoa generic.
Video: Ostrich emu
ʻO ke kumuhana o ka mea aʻe ka nīnau o ka inoa e hoʻohana ai. Ua hana pololei ʻia ka lua, akā i ka ʻauhau ʻauhau ʻae ʻia ia i ka inoa mua i hāʻawi ʻia i nā meaola. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā puke pai e kū nei, e like me ke kūlana aupuni o Australia, hoʻohana iā Dromaius, me Dromiceius i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ke ʻano he pela pela.
ʻAʻole wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano o ka inoa "emu", akā manaʻo ʻia no loko mai o ka huaʻōlelo ʻAlapia ka manu nui. ʻO kekahi kumumanaʻo e hele mai ia mai ka huaʻōlelo "ema", i hoʻohana ʻia ma Pukiki e kuhikuhi ai i kahi manu nui, ʻeā i ka aeto a i ʻole ka manuʻā. He wahi koʻikoʻi ʻo Emus i ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu o ka poʻe Aboriginal. Hoʻoulu ka manaʻo iā lākou no kekahi mau hulina hulahula, ke kumuhana o ka moʻomeheu astrological (emu constellations) a me nā hana mōʻaukala ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Manu ostrich emu
ʻO Emu ka manu kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻelua ma ka honua. Hiki i nā kānaka nunui ke piʻi i 190 knm. ʻO ka lōʻihi mai ka hiʻu a kahi nuku mai 139 a 164 cm, i nā kāne ma ka awelika 148.5 cm, a i nā wahine 156.8 cm. ʻO Emu ka ʻehā a ʻelima paha o nā manu ola e kaupaona. Kaupaona nā mākua emus ma waena o 18 a 60 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻEkolu mau manamana wāwae o ka emu ma kēlā me kēia wāwae, kahi i hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā ʻia no ka holo ʻana a loaʻa i nā manu ʻē aʻe e like me nā ʻāpala a me nā ʻio.
He mau ʻēheu koʻi ko Emu, he kihi iki ko kēlā me kēia peʻa i ka hopena. Hoʻopili ka emu i kona mau ʻeheu i ka wā e holo ana, ma ke ʻano he mea hana paʻa i ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana. He mau wāwae lōʻihi ko lākou a me ka ʻāʻī, a me ka wikiwiki o ka huakaʻi o 48 km / h. Hoʻoemi ʻia ka nui o nā iwi a me nā mākala pili o ka wāwae i nā wāwae, ʻokoʻa ka manu ʻē aʻe. Ke hele wāwae, lawe ka emu i kahi ʻanuʻu ma kahi o 100 knm, akā i ka holo holoʻokoʻa, hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke ala ke piʻi i 275 cm. ʻAʻohe hulu i nā wāwae.
E like me ka cassowary, he mau māiʻu ʻoi loa ka emu i lilo i mea pale nui a hoʻohana ʻia i ka hakakā e hōʻeha i ka ʻenemi. He lohe maikaʻi a he ʻike ko lākou, i hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻike i ka hoʻoweliweli ma mua. ʻIke ʻia kahi ʻāʻī uliuli keʻokeʻo ma o ka hulu manu ʻole. He lauoho huluhulu hina a ʻeleʻele lākou. Hoʻopili ʻia ka pāhawewe o ka lā e nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, a ʻo ka ʻula o loko e hoʻopili i ka ʻili. Pale kēia i nā manu mai ka wela nui, e ʻae iā lākou e hana i ka wā o ka wela o ka lā.
ʻIke leʻaleʻa: Hoʻololi ka Plumage i ke kala ma muli o nā kumu kaiapuni, e hāʻawi ana i ka manu i kahi camouflage kūlohelohe. ʻO nā hulu o Emu i nā wahi maloʻo me nā lepo ʻulaʻula e loaʻa i kahi hue rufous, ʻoiai nā manu e noho ana i nā kūlana pulu e loaʻa i nā hue ʻeleʻele.
Pale ʻia nā maka o Emu e nā membrane filamentous. ʻO kēia nā eyelids kekona translucent e neʻe papamoe mai ka lihi o ka maka a i ka lihi waho. Hana lākou ma ke ʻano he visor e pale ai i nā maka mai ka lepo e ʻike mau ʻia i nā ʻāpana makani, maloʻo. He ʻeke tracheal kā ka emu, i lilo i mea kaulana i ke kau moʻo. Me ka lōʻihi o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 cm, ākea ia a he paia lahilahi a me kahi puka 8 cm.
Ma hea e noho ai ka emu?
Kiʻi: Emu Australia
He mea maʻamau ʻo Emus ma Australia. ʻO kēia nā manu nomadic a me kā lākou laulā o ka dispersal uhi i ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina nui. Ua loaʻa ʻo Emus ma Tasmania, akā ua luku ʻia lākou e ka poʻe noho mua ʻEulopa. Ua hala aku kekahi mau ʻano dwarf e noho ana ma nā mokupuni ʻo Kangaroo a me King Island ma muli o ka hopena o ka hana a kānaka.
He maʻa mau ʻo Emu ma ke kapakai hikina o ʻAukekulelia, akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻole loaʻa pinepine lākou ma laila. ʻO ka hoʻomohala mahiʻai a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wai no nā holoholona i loko o ka ʻāina nui ua hoʻonui i ka laulā o emu i nā wahi maloʻo. Noho nā manu nunui i nā ʻano wahi like ʻole a puni ʻo Australia, ma uka a ma waho o ke kahakai. Kūleʻa pinepine lākou i nā wahi nahele ʻo savannah a me sclerophyll, a ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ma nā wahi i noho nui ʻia a me nā wahi maloʻo me ka ua makahiki ma mua o 600 mm.
Makemake ʻo Emus e huakaʻi hele pālua, a ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā hipa nui, he hana ʻino ʻole kēia e ala aʻe mai ka pono āpau e neʻe i kahi kumu meaʻai hou. Hiki i ka manu o Australia ke hele i kahi mamao e hiki ai i nā wahi hānai nui. Ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka ʻāina, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā neʻe o ka emu i kahi ʻano kau maopopo - ʻākau i ke kauwela, hema i ka hoʻoilo. Ma ke kai hikina, ʻoi aku ka piʻoloke o kā lākou auwana hele ʻana ma hope o ke ʻano i hoʻokumu ʻia.
He aha ka mea a ka emu e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Ostrich emu
ʻAi ʻia ʻo Emu e nā ʻano ʻōiwi like ʻole a hoʻolauna ʻia. Kūleʻa nā papaʻai mea kanu i nā manawa o ke kau, akā ʻai pū lākou i nā mea kolo a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Hāʻawi kēia i ka hapa nui o kā lākou koi protein. Ma Western Australia, ʻike ʻia nā makemake o ka meaʻai i nā emus huakaʻi e ʻai ana i nā ʻanoano akene aneura a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ua, a laila neʻe lākou i nā lālā mauʻu hou.
I ka hoʻoilo, hānai nā manu i nā hua cassia, a i ka puna ua ʻai lākou i nā ʻūhini a me nā hua o ka ulu lāʻau Santalum acuminatum. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Emus e hānai i ka palaoa a me nā hua a i ʻole nā mea ulu ʻē aʻe a lākou i hiki ai. Piʻi lākou ma luna o nā pā kiʻekiʻe inā pono. Mālama ʻo Emus ma ke ʻano he lawe nui o nā hua nui, hiki ke kōkua i ka biodiversity o nā pua.
Hoʻokahi hopena hoʻohuli hua makemake ʻole ʻia i hana ʻia ma Queensland i ka mua o ke kenekulia iwakālua, i ka wā i hoʻoili ai ʻo emus i nā hua practly pear cactus i nā wahi like ʻole, a ua alakaʻi kēia i kahi moʻo o ka ʻimi ʻana i emu a pale i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻano cactus invasive. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua kāohi ʻia nā cacti e ka moth i hoʻolauna ʻia (Cactoblastis cactorum), nona nā ʻenemi e ʻai i kēia mea kanu. Ua lilo kēia i kekahi o nā laʻana mua loa o ka mālama olaola.
Hoʻopau ʻia nā pōhaku emu liʻiliʻi e kōkua i ka wili ʻana a me ka omo ʻana o nā mea kanu. Hiki i nā pōhaku ke kaupaona ʻia a 45 g, a hiki i nā manu ke loaʻa he 745 g mau pōhaku i ko lākou ʻōpū i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻAi pū nā ʻōhua o Australia i ka lānahu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maopopo ke kumu o kēia.
ʻO ka papaʻai o kahi emu:
- ʻalani;
- casuarina;
- nā mea kanu like ʻole;
- ʻūhini;
- ʻalekiki;
- nalo;
- ʻenuhe;
- kokolo;
- ladybugs;
- ulele moth;
- naonao;
- punawelewele;
- centipedes.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻeke aniani, marble, nā kī kaʻa, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā nati a me nā hoʻopaʻa i nā emus. ʻAʻole inu pinepine nā manu, akā inu pinepine i nā wai i ka wā hiki. ʻImi mua lākou i ka loko iʻa a me nā wahi e pili ana i nā hui, a laila e kukuli i ka lihi e inu.
Makemake ʻo Ostriches e noho ma ka honua paʻa i ka wā e inu ana, ma mua o ka pōhaku a i ʻole ka lepo, akā inā ʻike lākou i ka makaʻu, kū mau lākou. Inā ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ʻia nā manu, hiki i nā aeto ke inu mau i mau minuke he ʻumi. Ma muli o ka nele o nā kumu wai, hele lākou i ka wai me ka wai ʻole i kekahi mau lā. I ka nahelehele, mahele pinepine nā emus i nā kumu wai me kangaroos a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Manu ostrich emu
Noho ʻo Emus i ko lākou lā e ʻai ai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ko lākou plumage me ko lākou nuku, ʻauʻau ʻana i ka lepo a hoʻomaha. Pili aloha lākou, koe wale nō i ka wā hānau. Hiki ke ʻauʻau kēia mau manu ke pono, ʻoiai lākou e hana pēlā inā e hālana ʻia ko lākou wahi a pono paha e hele i ka muliwai. Hiamoe pinepine ʻo Emus, e ala ana i mau manawa i ka pō. E hiamoe ana, lele mua lākou i nā wāwae a hele mālie i kahi ʻano hiamoe.
Inā ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli, hāʻule lākou i ka hiamoe nui ma hope o iwakālua mau minuke. I kēia wā, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke kino a pā i ka lepo me nā wāwae i pelu ʻia ma lalo. Ala ʻo Emus mai kahi hiamoe nui i kēlā me kēia kanaiwa mau minuke no ka meaʻai māmā a i ʻole ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū. ʻO kēia wā o ke ala ʻana he 10-20 mau minuke, a laila hiamoe hou lākou. Noho ka hiamoe ma kahi o ʻehiku mau hola.
Hoʻokani ʻo Emu i nā kani a me ke kani ʻana o nā kani like ʻole. Lohe ʻia kahi hum ikaika ma kahi mamao o 2 km, ʻoiai kahi haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hōʻailona resonant i hoʻoili ʻia i ka wā hānau hiki ke hoʻohihi i nā kāne I nā lā wela loa, hanu ʻo emus e mālama i ka mahana o ko lākou kino, hana ko lākou mau māmā me he mea hōʻalili. Loaʻa ka helu metabolic haʻahaʻa o Emus i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe. Ma -5 ° C, ke ana metabolic o kahi emu e noho ana ma kahi o 60% o kēlā kū ʻana, ma kekahi ʻāpana no ka mea ʻo ka nele o nā hulu ma lalo o ka ʻōpū e alakaʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka pohō wela.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Emu pūnana
Hoʻokumu ʻo Emus i nā pā hānau hānau mai Kekemapa a Ianuali a hiki ke hui pū ma kahi o ʻelima mau mahina. Hana ʻia ke kaʻina moena ma waena o ʻApelila a me Iune. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka manawa kikoʻī e ke aniau, e like me ka pūnana ʻana o nā manu i ka hapa ʻino o ka makahiki. Kūkulu nā kāne i kahi pūnana kūpikipiki i kahi lua semi-pani ʻia ma ka honua e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻili, mauʻu, lāʻau, a me nā lau. Kau ʻia ka pūnana ma kahi o ka emu e kaohi ai i kona mau wahi a hiki ke ʻike koke i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o nā mea ʻaihue.
ʻIke hoihoi: I ka wā o ka noho aloha ʻana, hele wāwae nā wahine a puni ke kāne, huki i ko lākou ʻāʻī i hope, haehae i ko lākou mau hulu a hoʻokuʻu i nā leo monosyllabic haʻahaʻa e like me ke kuʻi ʻana o nā pahu. ʻOi aku ka huhū o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne a hakakā pinepine no kā lākou kāne i koho ʻia.
Hoʻomoe ka wahine i hoʻokahi paʻa o ʻelima a ʻumikūmālima mau hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui loa me nā pūpū mānoanoa. Ma kahi o 1 mm ka mānoanoa o ka pūpū. Kaupaona nā hua ma waena o 450 a me 650 g. ʻO ka ʻili o ka hua manu he granular a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo pale. I loko o ka wā incubation, huli ka hua manu i aneane ʻeleʻele. Hiki i ke kāne ke hoʻomaka i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua ma mua o ka paʻa ʻana o ka paʻa. Mai ia manawa mai, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻai, inu a defecate paha, akā ala aʻe i luna e hoʻohuli wale i nā hua.
I loko o kahi manawa hebedoma ʻewalu incubation, e lilo ka hapakolu o kona kaupaona a ola i ka momona momona a me ka hau o ke kakahiaka i lawe ʻia mai ka pūnana. Ke kau ke kāne ma luna o nā hua, hiki i ka wahine ke hui me nā kāne ʻē aʻe a hana i kahi paʻa hou. koe wale kekahi mau wahine a pale i ka pūnana a hiki i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai nā keiki hānai.
Lawe ʻia ka hoʻouluulu i 56 mau lā a kū ka kāne i ka huki ʻana i nā hua ma mua koke o ka pā ʻana. ʻEleu nā keiki hānau keiki a hiki ke haʻalele i ka pūnana no kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hatching. I ka manawa ma kahi o 12 cm ke kiʻekiʻe a kaupaona he 0.5 kg. Loaʻa iā lākou i nā kaha ʻalani a me nā kalima no nā camouflage e mae ma hope o ʻekolu mau mahina. Pale ke kāne i nā moa e ulu nei a ʻehiku mau mahina, e aʻo ana iā lākou pehea e ʻike ai i ka meaʻai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā ostriches emu
Kiʻi: Manu manu ostrich ma Australia
Aia kekahi mau mea ʻaihue kūlohelohe i ka wahi noho o emus ma muli o ka nui o ka manu a me ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe. I ka wanaʻao o kona mōʻaukala, ua hālāwai paha kēia ʻano me nā mea ʻaihue ʻāina i pau i kēia manawa, ua pau, e like me ka moʻo nunui megalania, ka wolf thylacin wahine, a me nā marsupial paha ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike kēia i ka hiki ke hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia o ka emu e pale iā ia iho i nā mea ʻino o ka honua.
ʻO ka predator nui i kēia lā ka dingo, kahi ʻīlio hae semi-ʻōpelu, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea ʻaihue ma Australia ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o ko ʻEulopa. Makemake ʻo Dingo e pepehi i ka emu ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e pā i kona poʻo. ʻO ka emu hoʻi, hoʻāʻo e pahu i ka dingo ma ka lele ʻana i ka lewa a keʻehi aku iā ia i ka wāwae.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā lele o ka manu he paʻakikī i ka dingo ke hoʻokūkū me ia e hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ke poʻo. No laila, ʻo kahi lele lele kūpono e kūlike me ka dingo's lunge hiki ke pale i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī o ka holoholona mai ka makaʻu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe hopena o ka hōʻeha dingo i ka nui o nā manu i ka holoholona o Australia.
ʻO ka Aetoʻo Wedge-tail wale nō ka predator avian e hoʻouka i kahi makua emu, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka koho o nā liʻiliʻi a ʻōpio paha. Hoʻouka nā aeto i ka emu, e lele koke ana a me ka wikiwiki loa a me ke poʻo i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. I kēia hihia, makehewa ke ʻano hana lele e kūʻē ai i ka dingo. Hoʻāʻo nā manu lele e ʻimi i nā emus ma nā wahi hāmama kahi ʻaʻole hiki i ka aeto ke hūnā. I kēlā kūlana, hoʻohana ka emu i nā ʻenehana neʻe chaotic a hoʻololi pinepine i ka ʻaoʻao o ka neʻe i kahi hoʻāʻo e pale aku i ka mea hōʻeha. Aia kekahi mau holoholona hānai e hānai nei i nā hua emu a ʻai i nā moa liʻiliʻi.
Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea:
- nā moʻo nui;
- nā ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula i lawe ʻia mai;
- ʻīlio hihiu;
- hānai nā boars hihiu i kekahi manawa i nā hua a me nā moa;
- nā aeto;
- nahesa.
ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui ka nalo ʻana o ka nohona a me ka wāwahi ʻana, nā hoʻokuʻi kaʻa me nā kaʻa a me ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana. Hoʻohui, pale nā pā i ka neʻe a me ka neʻe ʻana o emu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻōkuʻi Emu
ʻO John Gould's The Birds of Australia, i paʻi ʻia ma 1865, hoʻowahāwahā i ka nalo ʻana o ka emu ma Tasmania, kahi a ka manu i laha a laila nalowale Ua hoʻomaopopo ka ʻepekema ʻaʻole he mea maʻamau nā emus ma nā wahi kokoke i Sydney, a ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e hāʻawi i nā ʻano i kahi kūlana palekana. I nā makahiki 1930, piʻi ka emu ma Australia Hema i 57,000. Pili ka luku i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā hua ma Queensland i kēia wā.
I nā makahiki 1960, ua uku mau ʻo Australia Australia komohana i nā makana pepehi kanaka, akā mai ia manawa ua hāʻawi ʻia ka emu hihiu i ka pale kūloko ma lalo o ke kānāwai Biodiversity and Conservation Act 1999. ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana o ʻEulopa, manaʻo ʻia aia kekahi mau pūʻulu kūloko i lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make.
ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli i kū ʻia e emus:
- ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā wahi me nā wahi kūpono;
- ka luku pono ʻana i nā holoholona;
- nā hoʻokuʻi kaʻa me nā kaʻa;
- predation o nā hua manu a me nā holoholona ʻōpio.
Ostrich Emuua koho ʻia i ka makahiki 2012 he heluna kanaka o 640,000 a 725,000. Kuhi ka International Union for Conservation of Nature i ka hanana e ulu nei i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka helu o nā holoholona a loiloi i ko lākou kūlana mālama ma ke ʻano he hopohopo liʻiliʻi loa.
Ka lā hoʻopuka: 01.05.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 23:37
