Dia dia Pākehā a i ʻole Capreolus capreolus (ka inoa o ka mammal ma ka ʻōlelo Lākina) he dia liʻiliʻi e noho ana i nā ululāʻau a me nā ululāʻau-steppes o ʻEulopa a me Rūsia (Caucasus). ʻO ka manawa pinepine hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ma waho a me ka lihi o ka ululāʻau, ma nā ulu lāʻau ākea me ka nui o nā laʻalāʻau, kokoke i nā māla multigrass a me nā kula.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻĀlapa kāne dia
ʻO Capreolus Capreolus no ke kauoha Artiodactyls, ʻohana Deer, Roe deer subfamily. Hoʻohui ʻia nā dia roe ʻEulopa i hoʻokahi subfamily me ʻAmelika a me nā dia maoli. Aia he ʻelua mau ʻano ʻohana o kēia ʻohana ma ka panalāʻau o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa: ʻO nā dia roe ʻEulopa a me nā dia roe Siberian ʻO ka mua ka lunamakaʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa o ka laha.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo iho mai ka huaʻōlelo Latina capra - kao. No laila, ʻo ka inoa lua o ka dia dia i waena o nā kānaka ke kao hihiu. Ma muli o kona wahi ākea, he mau ʻāpana ʻehā ko nā dia roe ʻEulopa e noho ana i nā wahi like ʻole o ʻEulopa: kahi ʻāpana i Italia a me nā ʻohana i ka hema o Sepania, a ʻo nā dia nui hoʻi ma ka Caucasus.
Video: ʻEleʻo dia roe
ʻO ka wahi o ka noho mōʻaukala o nā dia roe i hana ʻia i ka wā Neogene. ʻO nā kānaka kokoke i nā lā hou i hoʻopiha i nā ʻāina o ke komohana a me ka waena o ʻEulopa, a me kekahi ʻāpana o ʻAsia. I ke au o ka wā Quaternary a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā glaciers, hoʻomau ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā artiodactyls i nā wahi hou a hiki i Scandinavia a me ka Lūkini Lūkini.
A hiki i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa, noho mau nā noho. E pili ana i ka hōʻiliʻili nui, hoʻomaka ka helu o nā laha e hāʻule, a me ka laulā, e like hoʻi, e hoʻokumu ana i nā wahi noho kaʻawale. I nā 60s-80s o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ma muli o ka paʻa o nā hana pale, hoʻomaka ka ulu o ka reindeer e ulu hou.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: ʻĀlapa holoholona ʻo roe ʻEulopa
He dia liʻiliʻi ʻo Roe deer, ʻo ke kaupaona o ke kanaka makua (kāne) a hōʻea i 32 kg, kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 127 knm, ma kahi maloʻo a 82 cm (e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ke kino, lawe ia 3/5). E like me nā ʻano holoholona he nui, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Kūlike lākou i kahi kino ʻaʻole lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kua i mua. Loihi nā pepeiao, kuhi.
Liʻiliʻi ka huelo, a i 3 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia ma lalo o ka hulu. Aia kekahi disc caudal a i ʻole "aniani" ma lalo o ka huelo; he māmā, keʻokeʻo pinepine. Kōkua ka wahi ʻōlinolino i nā dia i nā manawa o ka weliweli, ke ʻano o ka hōʻailona hōʻailona no ke koena o ka ʻohana.
Aia ke kala o ka pale i ke kau. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka pouli - eia nā pale mai ka hina a i ka brownish-brown. I ke kauwela, hoʻomālamalama ke kala i ka ʻulaʻula a me ka kirimalu melemele. ʻO ka tonality o ke kino a me ke poʻo ka mea like. ʻO nā kala o nā kānaka oʻo kolohe a like ʻole a ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i ka moekolohe.
ʻEleʻele nā mākia, ʻoiʻoi ma ka ʻaoʻao mua. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia wāwae nā ʻelua mau hooves (i kūlike me ka inoa o ka hoʻokaʻawale). Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mākia o nā ʻelele wahine o ka laha me nā gland kūikawā. I ka waena o ke kauwela, hoʻomaka lākou e hūnā i kahi huna huna kūikawā e haʻi i ke kāne e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka o ka rut.
ʻO nā kāne he pepeiaohao wale nō. Ua hōʻea lākou i 30 knm i ka lōʻihi, me kahi kī o 15 cm, kokoke ma ke kumu, pelekikena maʻamau i ke ʻano o ka lira, lālā. ʻIke ʻia nā pepeiaohao i nā cubs e ka hā o ka hānau hānau, a ulu piha i ka piha ʻana o ka makahiki ʻekolu. ʻAʻohe pepeiaohao o nā wahine.
I kēlā me kēia hoʻoilo (mai ʻOkakopa a Kekemapa), hoʻokahe ka dia i kā lākou mau ʻono. E ulu hou lākou i ka puna (a hiki i ka hopena o Mei). I kēia manawa, ʻānai nā kāne iā lākou i nā kumu lāʻau a me nā lāʻau. No laila, māka lākou i ko lākou mokuna a ma ke ala e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā koena o ka ʻili mai nā pepeiaohao.
I kekahi mau kānaka, loaʻa i nā pepeiaohao kahi hanana maʻamau. ʻAʻole lālā lākou, like lākou me nā pepeiaohao kao, hele pololei kēlā me kēia pepeiaohao. Hoʻoweliweli kēia ʻano kāne i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka laha. Ke hoʻokūkū nei no ka ʻāina, hiki i kahi pepeiaohao ke hou i ka hoa paio a hoʻokau iā ia i ka pōʻino make.
Ma hea e noho ai nā dia roe ʻEulopa?
Kiʻi: ʻĀlapa kāne dia
Noho ʻo Capreolus capreolus ma nā ʻāina o ka hapanui o ʻEulopa, Russia (Caucasus), nā ʻāina o ka Hikina Waena.
- Alepania;
- Ke aupuni Hui Pū 'Ia;
- Hunakalia;
- Pulukalia;
- Lituania;
- Pōlani;
- Pokukala;
- Palani;
- Monokenekelo;
- Kuekene;
- Kuleke.
Koho kēia ʻano dia i nā wahi waiwai i nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, nā ulu lāʻau, nā kihi a me nā kauhale o nā ululāʻau paʻa. Noho i nā nāhelehele deciduous a kāwili ʻia, steppe ulu lāʻau. I nā ululāʻau coniferous, hiki ke loaʻa i ke alo o ka deciduous undergrowth. Komo ia i nā ʻāpana steppe ma nā kāʻei nahele. Akā i ka wahi o nā steppes maoli a me nā wao akua ʻaʻole ia e ola.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine aia ia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 200-600 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai, akā i kekahi manawa aia nō ia ma nā kuahiwi (nā mauna Alpine). Hiki ke loaʻa nā dia Roe kokoke i nā wahi noho kanaka ma ka ʻāina mahiʻai, akā ma kēlā mau wahi kahi ulu lāʻau kokoke. Ma laila ʻoe e puʻuhonua ai inā pilikia a hoʻomaha.
Hoʻonui ka nui o nā holoholona i ka wahi mai ka ʻākau a i ka hema, e hoʻonui nei i ka wahi o nā ululāʻau deciduous. ʻO ke koho ʻana i wahi no nā dia roe kau ʻia ma ka loaʻa a me nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole, a me nā wahi e peʻe ai. Heʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no nā māla ākea a me nā wahi e kokoke ana i nā wahi kanaka.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai nā dia roe ʻEulopa?
Kiʻi: ʻO nā dia roe ʻEulopa i ke kūlohelohe
I ka lā, ʻokoʻa ka hana a artiodactyls. Hoʻololi ʻia nā wā o ka neʻe ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai e nā wā o ka nau ʻana i ka meaʻai i loaʻa a me ka maha. Hoʻopili ʻia ka mele o kēlā me kēia lā i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lā. ʻIke ʻia ka hana nui loa i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.
Hoʻopili nā kumu he nui i ka lawena a me ke kaʻina o ke ola o nā dia.
- nā kūlana noho;
- palekana;
- kahi kokoke i nā wahi noho o ka poʻe;
- kau;
- ka lōʻihi o ka manawa i ke ao.
ʻEleʻele ka dia Roe i ka pō a i ke ahiahi i ke kauwela a i ke kakahiaka i ka hoʻoilo. Akā inā ʻike ʻia ke alo o kahi kanaka kokoke, e hele nā holoholona i waho e hānai i ke ahiahi a i ka pō. Noho kaʻai a me ka nau ʻana i ka meaʻai ma kahi o ka manawa ala ala āpau i nā artiodactyls (a i 16 mau hola i kēlā me kēia lā).
I nā lā kau wela, hoʻemi ka nui o nā meaʻai i ʻai ʻia, a i nā lā hoʻoilo a me ke anuanu, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻonui ia. I ka hāʻule, hoʻomākaukau ka holoholona no ka hoʻoilo, ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha a me ka waihona i nā meaʻai. Hoʻopili ka papaʻai i nā mea kanu, nā mea ulu a me nā hua, nā acorn. I ka hoʻoilo, nā lau maloʻo a me nā lālā o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau.
Ma muli o ka nele o ka meaʻai, i nā mahina anuanu, hele mai nā dia roe kokoke i nā hale o ke kanaka a me nā māla e ʻimi nei i nā koena o nā mea kanu i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana. ʻAʻohe lākou ʻai i ka mea kanu ponoʻī, maʻa mau mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau. Loaʻa ka wai i ka mea nui mai nā meaʻai mea kanu a me ka uhi hau. I kekahi manawa inu lākou i ka wai mai nā punawai e loaʻa nā mineral.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻĀlapa holoholona ʻo roe ʻEulopa
He holoholona momona ke ʻano o nā dia dia, akā ʻaʻole hōʻike mau ʻia kāna ʻano holoholona. I ko lākou kūlohelohe, makemake nā dia roe e noho hoʻokahi a i nā hui liʻiliʻi. I ka wā hoʻoilo, hōʻuluʻulu ʻo reindeer i kahi hui a neʻe i nā wahi hau liʻiliʻi. I ke kauwela, hana hou ʻia ka neʻe ʻana i nā wahi hānai momona hou aku, a laila pala ka puaʻa.
I ʻEulopa, ʻaʻole hiki i nā dia roe ke hoʻololi, akā ʻo nā neʻe kū i luna i nā kuahiwi. I kekahi mau ʻāpana o Lūkia, hiki ka mamao o ka ʻauana i 200 km. I ke kau mahana, mālama nā kānaka i nā hui liʻiliʻi: nā wahine me nā keiki bipi, nā kāne me ke mele, i kekahi manawa i kahi hui a i ʻekolu paha mau kānaka.
I ka puna, hoʻomaka nā kāne kāne moekolohe i ka hakakā no ka ʻāina, a ʻo ka kipaku ʻana i kahi mea hoʻokūkū, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo no ka haku mau ʻana i ka ʻāina. Inā maikaʻi nā wahi, e hoʻomau ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka poʻe hoʻokūkū. No laila, pale pale aku nā kāne i kā lākou panalāʻau, e kaha iā ia me kahi huna ʻala kūikawā.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale iki ʻia nā wahi o nā wahine, ʻaʻole lākou i pale i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻāina e like me nā kāne. I ka hopena o ke kau, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka wā moena, hele hewa lākou i nā hui a 30 mau poʻo. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, hoʻonui ka helu o nā holoholona i 3-4 mau manawa. I ka hopena o ka neʻe ʻana, haki ka pūʻā, hana kēia i ka waena o ka puna, ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o nā ʻōpio.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻ Europeanlapa koa dia
I ka waena o ke kauwela (Iulai-ʻAukake) hoʻomaka ka wā hānau (rut) o nā dia roe ʻEulopa. Hiki i ke kanaka ke oʻo i ka wahine i ka makahiki ʻekolu - ʻehā o ke ola, nā wahine i kekahi manawa ma mua (i ka lua). I loko o kēia wā, hana kolohe nā kāne, māka i ko lākou panalāʻau, pīhoihoi loa, a kani nā "barking".
ʻO ka hakakā pinepine i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻāina a hoʻopau pinepine ka wahine me ka hōʻeha i ka hoa paio. He pae ʻāina ko Roe dia - noho i kekahi o nā wahi, hoʻi lākou i aneʻi i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Aia kahi wahi o kahi kāne kāne i mau wahi no ka hānau hānau, nā wahine i hoʻohua ʻia e ia.
He polygamous ka dia, a ma hope pinepine o ka hoʻomomona ʻana i hoʻokahi wahine, haʻalele nā kāne no kekahi. I ka wā o Rut, hōʻike ʻole nā kāne i ka huhū ʻaʻole wale i nā kāne, akā i ka wahine ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia nā pāʻani moena i kapa ʻia, i ka wā e hoʻonāukiuki ke kāne i kāna wahine i ka wahine.
ʻO ka manawa o ka hoʻomohala intrauterine o nā ʻīlio mau i 9 mau mahina. Eia naʻe, ua mahele ʻia i ka latent: ma hope o ke kahua o ka cleavage, ʻaʻole ulu ka ovum no 4.5 mau mahina; a me ka wā hoʻomohala (Kekemapa a Mei). ʻO kekahi mau wahine ʻaʻole i hānau i ke kauwela e hoʻohua ʻia i Kekemapa. I loko o ia mau kānaka, ʻaʻole ka manawa latency a hoʻomaka koke ka hoʻomohala fetal.
He 5.5 mau mahina ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana. Hoʻokahi wahine e hānau i 2 cubs i kēlā me kēia makahiki, nā ʻōpio ʻōpio -1, hiki i nā ʻelemakule ke lawe i 3-4 cubs. ʻAʻohe mea kōkua nā dia roe hānau hou; moe lākou i kanu ʻia i ka mauʻu a inā makaʻu lākou i ka hele ʻole. Hoʻomaka lākou e ukali i ka makuahine i hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hānai ka wahine i nā keiki me ka waiū a hiki i 3 mau makahiki o ka makahiki.
E aʻo wikiwiki nā keiki a ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hele wāwae, hoʻomalu mālie lākou i kahi meaʻai hou - mauʻu. I hoʻokahi mahina o ka makahiki, ʻo ka hapalua o kā lākou papaʻai mai nā mea kanu. I ka hānau ʻana, he kala ʻeleʻele ko nā dia roe, kahi e loli i ke kala mākua i ka wanaʻao.
Kūkākūkā nā holoholona me kekahi i kekahi ma nā ʻano like ʻole:
- honi: gland sebaceous a me ka hou, me ke kōkua o lākou kāne e kaha i ka ʻāina;
- Kani: hana nā kāne i nā leo kikoʻī i ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, like me ka hae ʻana. ʻO ka ʻū a nā keiki e hoʻopuka ai i ka makaʻu;
- neʻe ke kino. ʻO kekahi mau kūlana i lawe ʻia e ka holoholona i nā manawa makaʻu.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā dia roe ʻEulopa
Kiʻi: ʻĀlapa kāne kāne dia
ʻO ka makaʻu nui no nā dia roe i ke ʻano he predators. ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻīlio ʻeleʻele, nā ʻīlio hele hewa ʻAno maʻalahi ka Artiodactyls i ka hoʻoilo, keu hoʻi i ka wā hau. Hāʻule ka pā i lalo o ke kaupaona o nā dia a luhi koke ia, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻīlio hae e kau ana ma luna o ka hau a hoʻokuke koke i kāna mea pio.
Hāʻule pinepine nā ʻōpio i nā ʻalopeke, nā lynxes, nā martens. Ke noho nei i kahi hui, loaʻa i nā dia roe kahi manawa nui loa e hopu ʻole ʻia e nā mea ʻaihue. Ke hōʻike kekahi holoholona i kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona, makaʻala ke koena a hōʻiliʻili i kahi puʻu. Inā pakele kekahi holoholona, ʻike maopopo ʻia kāna pāka caudal ("aniani"), ʻo ia ka mea i alakaʻi ʻia e kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiai e heʻe ana, hiki i nā dia roe ke lele i luna i 7 m ka lōʻihi a me 2 m i ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka wikiwiki o 60 km / h. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka holo ʻana o nā dia, e uhi ana i kahi mamao o 400 m ma kahi ākea a me 100 m i loko o ka ululāʻau, hoʻomaka lākou e holo i nā pōʻai, huikau nā mea ʻino. I ke anuanu a me ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole loaʻa nā holoholona i ka meaʻai a make i ka pōloli.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻĀlapa kāne dia
I kēia lā, he ʻauhau ka dia ʻĀlepa ʻeulopa o ka make liʻiliʻi o ka make ʻana. Ua kōkua ʻia kēia e nā hana i lawe ʻia i loko o nā makahiki i hala iho nei e pale i ka laha. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lehulehu ma mua o 25-40 mau holoholona no 1000 ha. Ma muli o kona momona kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke hoʻihoʻi i kāna helu iā ia iho, no laila ke hoʻonui nei.
ʻO Capreolus Capreolus ka laha nui o ka ʻohana Deer holoʻokoʻa i nā loli anthropogenic. Deforestation, kahi hoʻonui i ka wahi o ka ʻāina mahiʻai, hāʻawi i kahi hoʻonui kūlohelohe i ka lehulehu. E pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ko lākou ola.
Ma ʻEulopa a me Rūsia, nui ka holoholona, akā i kekahi mau ʻāina o ka Hikina Waena (Suria) ua liʻiliʻi ka heluna kanaka a koi ʻia ka pale. Ma ka mokupuni ʻo Sisilia, a ma Israel a me Lebanona hoʻi, pau kēia ʻano. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ola he 12 mau makahiki. Hiki i nā Artiodactyls ke ola a 19 mau makahiki i nā ʻano hana.
Ke ulu wikiwiki ia, hoʻoponopono ka heluna kanaka iā ia iho. I nā wahi e noho nui ʻia me nā dia roe, ʻoi aku ka maʻi o lākou. Ma muli o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui, i waena o nā ʻano āpau o ka ʻohana Olenev he mea nui lākou i ka ʻoihana kalepa. Hana ʻia ʻo Suede mai ka ʻili; ʻo ka ʻiʻo kahi mea ʻai calorie kiʻekiʻe.
Dia dia Pākehā He dia lokomaikaʻi liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻano pāʻoihana. I ke kūlohelohe, kiʻekiʻe ka helu o kāna heluna kanaka. Me ka nui o nā holoholona ma kahi wahi liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ia ke hōʻino nui i nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā mea kanu mahiʻai. He waiwai waiwai nui kāna (no ka nui o kāna helu) a kāhiko i ka holoholona lōhiu me kona ʻano.
Lā paʻi: 23.04.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 22:33
