Leopadi kai He mea kupaianaha ia e noho ana i ka wai Antarctic. ʻOiai he kuleana ʻokoʻa kēia mau sila i ka kaiaolaola Antarctic, kuhi hewa pinepine ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he lāhui. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻaoʻao hoihoi o ke ola o kēia moʻo nui o ka Moana Hema e makaʻala ai. ʻO kēia ʻano peʻa e kokoke i ka piko o ke kaulaʻai. Ua loaʻa kona inoa ma muli o kona ʻano kala.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Leopard sila
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā māmela kai o ka hui pinniped i iho mai kahi kūpuna maʻamau e noho ana ma ka ʻāina, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike maopopo o kēia. ʻIke ʻia nā mōʻalihaku o ka lāhui Puijila darwini, i noho i ka Arctic i ka wā o ka Miocene (23-5 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei), lilo kēia loulou nalowale. Ua loaʻa kahi iwi iwi maikaʻi i mālama ʻia ma Devon Island ma Kanada.
Mai ke poʻo a i ka hiʻu, ua ana ʻo ia i 110 knm a he mau kapuaʻi pūnaewele ma kahi o nā ʻili kahi e hoʻonani ai kāna mau keiki o kēia wā. E ʻae nā kapuwaʻi pūnaewele iā ia e hoʻolilo i kona manawa i ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i nā loko wai hou, e hele ana i ka ʻāina ma mua o ka pīhoihoi ma mua o nā palule i ka hoʻoilo, ke koi aku nā loko iʻa iā ia e ʻimi i ka meaʻai ma ka ʻāina paʻa. Hāʻawi ka huelo lōʻihi a me nā wāwae pōkole iā ia e like me ka otter muliwai.
Video: sila Leopadi
ʻOiai manaʻo ʻia ua ulu mua nā holoholona ʻāina mai ke ola kai, ʻo kekahi - e like me nā kūpuna o nā koholā, nā manatees a me nā walrus - ua kolo hope i loko o nā wahi wai, e hoʻolilo nei i kēia ʻano hoʻololi e like me Puijila i ke kaulahao nui i ka hanana evolution.
ʻO ka mea hulihonua Palani ʻo Henri Marie Ducroty de Blainville ka mea mua e wehewehe i ka sila leopadi (Hydrurga leptonyx) i ka makahiki 1820. ʻO ia wale nō ka laha i ka genus Hydrurga. ʻO kona mau hoahānau kokoke loa, ʻo ia nā wepa ʻo Ross, crabeater a me Weddell, i ʻike ʻia ʻo nā sila Lobodontini. ʻO ka inoa ʻo Hydrurga ke ʻano o ka "limahana wai" a ʻo leptonyx ka Helene no ka "manamana liʻiliʻi".
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: leopadi kai holoholona
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā sila ʻē aʻe, aia i ka leopadi sila kahi kino elongated a me ke ʻano muscular kino i haʻi ʻia. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano no kona poʻo ākea a me nā iwi ā kolo kolo like, a lilo ia i hoʻokahi o nā kūpuna nui i ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kī paʻakikī e nalowale ʻo ka pale pale, me ka ʻaoʻao dorsal o ka pale i ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ka Leopard sila i kahi silvery i ka hina lauoho hina hina e like me ka leopadi paʻi me kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kala i ka ʻaoʻao ventral (ma lalo) o ke kapa, mai keʻokeʻo a hina hina. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO 2.4-3.5 ka nui o ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ke kaumaha mai 200 a 600 kg. Ua like lākou me ka lōʻihi o ka walrus ʻākau, akā ʻo ke kaumaha o nā sila leopadi ua aneane hapa ka liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻopili mau ʻia nā wēlau o ka waha o ka leopadi i luna, e hana ana i ke kuhi o ka minoʻaka a i ʻole ka minoʻaka makaʻu. Hoʻohui kēia mau helehelena helehelena ʻole i kahi maka weliweli i ka holoholona a ʻaʻole hiki ke hilinaʻi ʻia. ʻO kēia nā mea ʻino kūpilikiʻi e kiaʻi mau ana i kā lākou mea pio. I nā manawa maʻamau, ke hele lākou i ka ʻāina, pale lākou i ko lākou wahi ponoʻī, ke hoʻoili nei i kahi ʻōhū aʻa i kēlā me kēia mea kokoke loa.
ʻO ke kino kahawai o ka sila leopadi e ʻae iā ia e loaʻa ka wikiwiki i ka wai, ke kuʻi pū me nā forelimbs elongated i kihi ʻia. ʻO kekahi ʻano kaulana ʻē aʻe ʻo ka ʻumiʻī pōkole, hānai, i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaiapuni. He waha nui ko nā Leopadi sila e pili ana i ka nui o ke kino.
ʻOi nā niho o mua, e like me nā karnivora ʻē aʻe, akā pili nā molara i kekahi i kekahi e hiki ai ke kanana i ka krill mai ka wai, e like me ka sila crabeater. ʻAʻohe o lākou auricle a i ʻole nā pepeiao, akā he aʻa pepeiao ko loko e hiki ai i kahi wehe waho. ʻO ka lohe ʻana i ka lewa e like me ka hoʻolohe ʻana i loko o ke kanaka, a hoʻohana ka leopadi sila i kona mau pepeiao, a me kāna mau kohō, e alualu ai i ka mea pio ma lalo o ka wai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka sila leopadi?
Kiʻi: Antarctica Leopard Seal
ʻO kēia nā sila peʻa pagophilous, ke ola pōʻaiapili e pili loa ana i ka uhi hau. ʻO ka nohona nui o ke kai Antarctic ma ka palena o ka hau. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻōpio ma ke kahakai o nā mokupuni subantarctic. Ua ʻike ʻia nā peʻe leopadi stray ma kahakai o Australia, New Zealand, ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻApelika Hema. I ʻAukake 2018, ua ʻike ʻia hoʻokahi kanaka ma Geraldton ma ke komohana komohana o Australia. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka lehulehu o Antarctica komohana no nā leopadi sila ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
ʻIke leʻaleʻa: nā leopadi kāne kāne wale nō i hopu ʻia i nā māmela kai ʻē aʻe a me nā penguin i loko o nā wai Antarctic i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hau. A ke hana ʻole lākou i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke heʻe ma nā paina hau e hoʻomaha ai. ʻO kā lākou kala waho a me ka minoʻaka hilahila ʻole e hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi iā lākou!
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā lālā o ka genus e noho i loko o ka pahu hau i loko o ka makahiki, e hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia no ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola, koe wale nō ka wā ke pili lākou me ko lākou makuahine. Hiki i kēia mau hui matrilineal ke neʻe i ke kūkulu ʻākau i ka wā hoʻoilo o Australia i nā mokupuni subantarctic a me nā kahakai o nā ʻāina hema e hōʻoia i ka mālama pono ʻana i kā lākou keiki bipi. ʻOiai e ʻike ʻia nā poʻe mehameha i nā wahi latitu haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole hānau iki nā wahine ma laila. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi he kumu kēia no ka hopohopo palekana keiki.
He aha ka ʻai a ka leopadi sila?
Kiʻi: Leopard sila
ʻO ka leopadi sila ka predator mana nui ma ka polar region. Ke hoʻomohala nei i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 40 km / h a me ka luʻu ʻana i kahi hohonu o 300 m, e haʻalele i kāna mea pio me kahi manawa liʻiliʻi o ke ola. He ʻanoʻai like ʻole kā nā Leopadi sila. Hana nā Antarctic krill ma kahi o 45% o ka nui o ka papaʻai. Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka papa kuhikuhi ma muli o ka wahi a me ka loaʻa o nā huahana loot hou aʻe. ʻAʻole like me nā lālā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka papaʻai o nā sila leopadi pū kekahi me nā mea hānai kai Antarctic.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine hāʻule lākou i ka makemake leona o ka leopadi sila:
- sila crabeater;
- Sila Hulu Antarctic;
- sila pepeiao;
- nā penguins;
- Sila Weddell;
- he iʻa;
- manu;
- cephalopods.
ʻO nā mea like me ka namesake feline ʻoi aku ma mua o ka pena ʻana o ka ʻili. ʻO nā leopadi nā mea ʻimi ʻokiʻoki ʻoi loa o nā sila āpau a ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e hānai i nā mea ʻohana mehana ke koko. Hoʻohana lākou i kā lākou ā āole a me nā niho lōʻihi e hoʻomake i nā mea pio. He mākaukau kūpono lākou e kali pinepine ma lalo o ka wai kokoke i ka pahu hau a hopu i nā manu. Hiki iā lākou ke piʻi aʻe mai ka hohonu a lālau i nā manu ma luna o ka wai i loko o kā lākou mau ā. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka shellfish iʻa, akā he ʻāpana nui o ka papaʻai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻo ka leopadi sila ka mea ʻike wale ʻia e alualu ai i ka mea pio pumehana ma kahi maʻamau.
Ua hana ʻia kahi hanana hoihoi me ka mea paʻi kiʻi ʻo Paul Nicklen, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka weliweli, ʻo ia ka mea mua e luʻu i loko o ka wai Antarctic e hopu i nā sila leopadi i ko lākou kūlohelohe. Ma kahi o kahi daimonio kai ʻino, ua hālāwai ʻo ia me kekahi wahine leopadi nani, nāna paha i manaʻo aia ʻo ia i mua o kahi sila pēpē akamai ʻole.
No kekahi mau lā, ua lawe mai ʻo ia nā penguin ola a make hoʻi i meaʻai na Nicklen a hoʻāʻo e hānai iā ia, a i ʻole ma ke aʻo ʻana iā ia pehea e alualu ai a hānai iā ia iho. I kona hopohopo, ʻaʻole hoihoi nui ʻo Nicklen i kāna mea e hāʻawi aku ai. Akā ua loaʻa iā ia nā kiʻi phenomenal o kahi predator hoihoi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Leopard sila
Hōʻike nā noiʻi ma ka awelika, ʻo ka palena o ka immersion aerobic no nā sila ʻōpio ma kahi o 7 mau minuke. ʻO ka manaʻo ia i loko o nā mahina hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole ʻai nā leopadi i nā krill, kahi ʻāpana nui o ka papaʻai o nā sila i hala e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka krill i hohonu. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hahai holoholona.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi: Aia kekahi mau hihia o ka huli hānai like ʻana o ka sila hulu Antarctic, alakaʻi ʻia e kahi sila ʻōpio a hiki paha i kona makuahine ke kōkua i kāna keiki makua, a i ʻole he mau kāne + kāne paha e hoʻonui i ka hānai holoholona.
Ke huhū nā leopadi i ka ʻai ʻana akā makemake nō e hoʻokipa, hiki iā lākou ke pāʻani i ka pōpoki a me ka iole me nā penguins a i ʻole nā sila ʻē aʻe. Ke ʻau aku ka penguin i kai, ʻokiʻoki ka leopadi sila i kāna ala e pakele ai. Hana pinepine ʻo ia i kēia a hiki i ka penguin a hiki i ka hoʻokele a hōʻea i kahakai, a i ʻole ua pio ʻo ia i ka luhi. Me he mea lā ʻaʻohe wahi o kēia pāʻani, ʻoiai ʻo ka sila ke hoʻopau i ka nui o ka ikehu i kēia pāʻani a ʻaʻole paha e ʻai i nā holoholona a lākou e luku ai. Ua kuhi ka poʻe ʻepekema he maopopo kēia no ka haʻuki, a i ʻole he ʻōpio paha ia, mau sila ʻole e ʻimi ana e hoʻonui i kā lākou mākaukau ʻimi holoholona.
He pilina maikaʻi ʻole ko nā Leopadi sila. Holo maʻamau lākou hoʻokahi a ʻaʻole e hālāwai hou me hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau kānaka ʻē aʻe o ko lākou ʻano i ka manawa like. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa i kēia hana kaʻawale ka makahiki hānau hānau mai Nowemapa a Malaki, i ka manawa e hui pū ai kekahi mau kānaka. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o kā lākou ʻano ʻoluʻolu ʻole a me ke ʻano mehameha, ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i kā lākou pōʻai hānau piha. Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā kānaka ʻepekema e noʻonoʻo pehea e koho ai nā sila leopadi i kā lākou mau hoa a pehea e wehewehe ai i kā lākou ʻāina.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Seal leopard holoholona
Ma muli o ka noho ʻana o nā sila leopadi i nā wahi paʻakikī e kiʻi, ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia e pili ana i kā lākou ʻano hānau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia ko lākou ʻōnaehana hānau he polygamous, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kāne male me nā wahine he nui i ka wā o ka male ʻana. Hiki i kahi wahine hana kolohe (makahiki 3-7 mau makahiki) ke hānau i hoʻokahi keiki bipi i ke kauwela ma ka launa pū ʻana me kahi kāne hana kolohe (6-7 mau makahiki).
Hana ʻia ka male ʻana mai Kēkēmapa a Ianuali, ma hope iki o ka ukuhi ʻana o ke keiki makua, ke ʻoestrus ka wahine. I ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hānau ʻana o nā sila, ʻeli nā wahine i ka lua āpau i ka hau. Kaupaona ke keiki hānau ma kahi o 30 kg a aia me kona makuahine no hoʻokahi mahina ma mua o ka ukuhi ʻia a aʻo ʻia e ʻimi holoholona. ʻAʻole komo ka sila kāne i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpio a hoʻi i kona nohona mehameha ma hope o ke kau male ʻana. ʻO ka hapanui o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā sila leopadi ma luna o ka pahu hau.
ʻIke hoihoi: Hana ʻia ka male ʻana i ka wai, a laila haʻalele ke kāne i ka wahine e mālama i ke keiki, a hānau ʻo ia ma hope o 274 mau lā o ka hānau ʻana.
Manaʻo ʻia he mea nui ke kani kani i ka wā hānau, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka hana o nā kāne i kēia manawa. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau leo a ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nei. ʻOiai ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ke kumu o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o kēia mau leo e nā kāne, manaʻo ʻia lākou e pili ana i nā ʻaoʻao o kā lākou hana hou a me ka hana hānau. Hoʻohui ʻia i luna a hoʻoluliluli ʻia mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i kēia ʻaoʻao, he ʻano ko nā kāne makua, nā poses stylised a lākou e hoʻohua ai me nā kaʻina ʻokoʻa a he ʻano ʻē ia o kā lākou ʻano hānau.
Mai ka makahiki 1985 a i ka makahiki 1999, ʻelima mau huakaʻi noiʻi i hana ʻia i Antarctica e hoʻopaʻa i nā sila leopadi. Ua ʻike ʻia nā pahu mai ka mua o Nowemapa a i ka hopena o Kekemapa. Ua ʻike ka ʻepekema aia ma kahi o hoʻokahi bipi keiki no kēlā me kēia ʻekolu mākua, a ua ʻike pū kekahi i ka noho nui ʻana o nā wahine mai nā sila makua ʻē aʻe i kēia kau, a ke ʻike ʻia lākou i nā hui, ʻaʻole lākou i hōʻike i kahi hōʻailona o ka launa pū ʻana. ʻO ka helu make no nā keiki leopadi i ka makahiki mua kokoke i 25%.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā sila leopadi
Kiʻi: Leopard sila ma Antarctica
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka nohona lōʻihi a olakino hoʻi ma Antarctica, a pōmaikaʻi ka sila leopadi i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi papaʻai maikaʻi loa a ʻaʻohe mea ʻaihue. ʻO nā kohola ʻo ka mea pepehi wale i hoʻokumu ʻia o kēia mau sila. Inā mālama kēia mau sila i ka huhū o ka kohola kohola, hiki iā lākou ke ola a 26 mau makahiki. ʻOiai ʻaʻole nā leopadi nā mākia nui loa o ka honua, hiki iā lākou ke noho me ka lōʻihi o ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia i ko lākou wahi noho paʻa a paʻakikī. Ma waho aʻe o nā kohola koholā, hiki ke ʻimi ʻia nā hōʻailona leopadi liʻiliʻi e nā manō nui a me nā sila elepani paha. ʻO nā canine o ka holoholona he 2.5 cm.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻopaʻa i kēia mau mea ola hiki ke weliweli, a i kekahi hihia ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ua make i kahi kāne leopadi. ʻAʻole i hala aku nei, ua pohō kahi biologist kai e hana nei no ka British Antarctic Survey ma hope o ka huki ʻia ʻana e kahi sila kokoke 61 mika ma lalo o ka pae wai. ʻAʻole maopopo i kēia manawa inā manaʻo ka leopadi sila e pepehi i ka biologist, akā ʻo ka mea nui loa, he hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo ia i ke ʻano maoli o kēia mau holoholona hihiu.
Ke ʻimi nei i nā penguins, mākaʻi ka leopadi sila i ka wai ma ka lihi o ka hau, ʻaneʻane piha loa i loko o ka wai, ke kali nei no nā manu e hele i kai. Pepehi ʻo ia i nā penguins ʻauʻau ma ka hopu ʻana i ko lākou mau wāwae, a laila hoʻoluliluli ikaika i ka manu a kuʻi pinepine i kona kino i ka papa o ka wai a make ka penguin. ʻO nā hōʻike ma mua o nā sila leopadi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe nei i kā lākou mea pio ma mua o ka hānai ʻana ua ʻike ʻia he hewa ʻole.
I ka hemahema o nā niho e pono ai e ʻokiʻoki i kāna mea pio i mau ʻāpana, huli ʻo ia i kāna mea pio mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i kēia ʻaoʻao, haehae iā ia i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa like, ʻai ʻia ka krill e ke omo ma o nā niho o ka sila, e ʻae ai i nā sila leopadi e hoʻololi i nā ʻano hānai ʻokoʻa. Hōʻike kēia hoʻohālikelike kū hoʻokahi i ka kūleʻa o ka sila i ke kaiaola ʻo Antarctic.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Leopard sila
Ma hope o nā sila Crab-eater a me Weddell, ʻo ka sila leopadi ka sila nui loa ma Antarctica. Kuhi ʻia nā heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano mai 220,000 a i 440,000, e hana ana i nā sila leopadi "o ka liʻiliʻi hopohopo". ʻOiai ka nui o nā sila leopadi ma Antarctica, paʻakikī lākou e hoʻopaʻa naʻau me nā ʻano kuanaʻike kuʻuna no ka mea lōʻihi lākou i ka wai i ka wā o ka puna a me ke kauwela o Australia ke mālama ʻia nā ana ʻike.
ʻO ko lākou ʻano kūikawā o ka haku ʻana i nā haku mele ma lalo o ka wai no nā wā lōʻihi i hiki ai ke hana i nā kiʻi acoustic, i kōkua i nā mea noiʻi e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻano o kēia holoholona. ʻO nā leopadi sila o ke kauoha kiʻekiʻe loa a kū i kahi makaʻu i nā kānaka. Eia nō naʻe, kākaʻikahi ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i kānaka. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā laʻana o ka hana kolohe, ka hoʻomāinoino a me nā hoʻouka kaua ʻana. ʻO nā hanana kaulana pū kekahi:
Ua hoʻouka kaua ʻia kahi peʻe leopadi nui e Thomas Ord-Lees, he lālā o ka Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1914-1917, ʻoiai ka huakaʻi e hoʻomoe ana ma ka hau kai. ʻO kahi leopadi sila, ma kahi o 3.7 m ka lōʻihi a he 500 kg ke kaumaha, alualu ʻia ʻo Ord Lee ma ka hau. Ua hoʻopakele ʻia ʻo ia i ka wā i kī ai kekahi lālā o ka huakaʻi, ʻo Frank Wilde, i ka holoholona.
I ka makahiki 1985, ua nahu ʻia ʻelua mau manawa ka ʻimi ʻimi Pelekane ʻo Gareth Wood i ka wāwae i ka wā i hoʻāʻo ai kahi leopadi sila e huki iā ia mai ka hau i loko o ke kai. Ua hoʻopakele kāna mau hoa iā ia ma ke kīkē ʻana iā ia i ke poʻo i nā kāmaʻa spiked. ʻO ka make wale nō i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 2003, i ka wā i hoʻouka ai kahi leopadi sila i ka biologist luʻu ʻo Kirsty Brown a kauō iā ia i lalo o ka wai.
Ma waho aʻe sila leopadi hōʻike i kahi ʻano e hoʻouka i nā pontoons ʻeleʻele mai nā moku inflatable ʻoʻoleʻa, a laila pono e hoʻolako iā lākou me nā mea pale pale kūikawā e pale ai i nā punctures.
Lā paʻi: 24.04.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 22:35
