ʻOka moa He manu ʻoluʻolu a maikaʻi ʻo ia ka ʻaka. Kū i waho mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā parrot me kona kiko a me nā ʻano keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula, hina a me ka ʻeleʻele. Kāhea ʻia nā ʻākoʻakoʻa kūloko i "mau lālani" ma muli o ko lākou ʻano i waho loa a pono e pili i nā poʻe. Ke nānā nei i kāna ʻano hoʻomākeʻaka, kokoke i kēlā me kēia mea aloha manu e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ke kūʻai ʻana.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Parrot Cockatoo
Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka cockatoo ma ke ʻano he ʻohana Cacatuinae ma ka ʻohana Psittacidae e ka mea kūlohelohe Pelekania ʻo George Robert Gray i ka makahiki 1840, me Cacatua ka mua o nā ʻano genera i helu ʻia. Hōʻike nā haʻawina Molecular ʻo nā ʻano mua i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia nā ʻoka o Nu Zilani.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "cockatoo" e pili ana i ka 17 mau kenekulia a mai ka Dutch kaktoe, a ʻo ka kakatua Malay kekahi. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ʻumikūmāhiku kenekulia e komo pū me ke kakato, ka cocoon, a me ka crocador, ʻoiai i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāwalu, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻuala, sokatura, a me ka cocatoo.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā lāhui Fossil cockatoo ma mua o nā ʻoka i ka nui. Hoʻokahi wale nō mōʻī maoli i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka fossil cockatoo: ka cacatua species, i loaʻa i ka Miocene mua (16-23 miliona mau makahiki i hala). ʻOiai ka fragmentation, ua like nā koena me ka cockatoo lahilahi a me ka momona. ʻO ka hopena o kēia mau mōʻalihaku i ka evolution a me nā filogeny o ka cockatoo i kaupalena ʻia, ʻoiai ka fossil e ʻae i ka pilina tentative o ka divergence subfamily.
Video: Parrot cockatoo
Pili nā Cockatoos i ke kaʻina ʻepekema like a me ka ʻohana e like me nā ʻoka ʻē aʻe (Psittaciformes a me Psittacidae). I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia he 21 mau ʻano o ka cockatoo maoli i Oceania. ʻO lākou endemik i Australia, e like me New Zealand a me New Guinea, a loaʻa pū kekahi ma Indonesia a me nā mokupuni ʻo Solomon.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Pōpō manu kaka
ʻO ka Cockatoos ka mea waena a hiki i nā nū nui o ka hana stocky. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi mai 30-60 cm, a aia ke kaumaha ma ka palena o 300-1 200 g. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ka lahilahi o ka cockatiel ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo 32 cm kona lōʻihi (me kona hulu huelo kihi lōʻihi), a ʻo kona kaupaona 80 -100 g. ʻO ka piko hoʻoneʻe ma luna o ka lei aliʻi, kahi e loaʻa ai i nā kakato, he mea kupaianaha. Piʻi ia ke pae ka manu ma hope o ka lele a i ʻole ke pīhoihoi.
Kaʻana like ʻo Cockatoos i nā mea like me nā ʻoka ʻē aʻe, me ke ʻano o ka nuku meli a me ke ʻano paw me ʻelua manamana waena i mua a ʻelua hoʻi manamana wāwae i hope. Kaulana lākou no ko lākou nele i ka uliuli a me ka uliuli hue i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻoka ʻē aʻe.
He mau wāwae pōkole ko ka Cockatoos, nā māiʻuʻu ikaika, a me ke ʻano wīwī. Hoʻohana pinepine lākou i ko lākou nuku ikaika ma ke ʻano he lālā kolu i ka piʻi ʻana i nā lālā. He mau lōʻihi lākou, nā ʻeheu ākea, hoʻohana ʻia i ka lele wikiwiki, i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 70 km / h. ʻO nā lālā o ka genus o ke kanikau kūmākena a me nā cockatoos keʻokeʻo nui he pōkole, eheu ākea a me kahi lele leʻaleʻa.
ʻOi aku ka momona o ka plumage o ka cockatoo ma mua o kēlā me nā ʻoka ʻē aʻe. ʻEleʻele, hina a keʻokeʻo nā kala o ke ʻano. Nui nā ʻano i loaʻa nā pā liʻiliʻi o nā waihoʻoluʻu lilelile ma kā lākou plumage: melemele, ʻākala a me ka ʻulaʻula (ma ka piko a i ʻole ka huelo). ʻO ka Pink ka mea nui no kekahi mau ʻano. Kekahi laha i loaʻa i ka waihoʻoluʻu waihoʻoluʻu waihoʻoluʻu a puni ka maka a me ka maka. ʻO ka plumage o nā kāne a me nā wahine e like me ka nui o nā ʻano. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka dimum o ka plumage o ka wahine ma mua o ko ke kāne.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻoka kakato?
Kiʻi: Pōlū parrot nui
ʻOi aku ka palena o ka mahele o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā cockatoos ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa lākou ma Australia wale nō, Indonesia a me nā Philippines. He ʻumikūmākahi o nā 21 mau ʻano i loaʻa wale i ka nahele hihiu ma Australia, ʻoiai ʻehiku wale nō e ʻike ʻia ma Indonesia, ka Pilipino a me nā mokupuni ʻo Solomon. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā ʻano kakato ma ka mokupuni ʻo Borneo, ʻoiai aia lākou ma nā mokupuni ʻo ka Pākīpika kokoke, ʻoiai ua loaʻa nā mōʻalihaku ma New Caledonia.
ʻEkolu mau ʻano i loaʻa ma New Guinea a me Australia. Hoʻolahalaha kekahi ʻano, e like me ka poni, i loaʻa ma ka hapanui o ka ʻāina nui o Nūhōlani, ʻoiai he mau pae liʻiliʻi ko nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāina, e like me ka cockatoo ʻeleʻele o Western Australia a i ʻole ka hui mokupuni liʻiliʻi o ka cockatoo a Goffin (Tanimbar corella), ʻo ia wale nō. ma nā Mokupuni ʻo Tanimbar. Ua hoʻolauna hewa ʻia kekahi mau cockatoo ma nā wahi ma waho o kā lākou kūlohelohe, e like me Nūhōlani, Singapore a me Palau, ʻoiai ua laha aku nā ʻano ʻelua Austrian Corella i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāinapuniʻole kahi a lāua i ʻōiwi ʻole ai.
Noho ʻo Cockatoos ma nā ululāʻau subalpine a me nā mangrove. ʻO nā lāhui maʻamau loa, e like me ka poni a me ka cockatiel, loea i nā wahi ākea a makemake i nā ʻanoʻano mauʻu. He poʻe nomad mobile lākou. Holo nā manu o kēia mau manu ma nā wahi nui o ka ʻāina nui, ke ʻimi a me ka hānai ʻana i nā hua. Hiki i ka maloʻo ke hoʻokau i nā hui mai nā wahi maloʻo e neʻe i nā wahi mahiʻai.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ka cockatoo aniani ʻeleʻele, i loaʻa i nā ululāʻau ulu ulu tropical a hiki i nā ululāʻau alpine. Noho ka moa moa Filipino i nā ululāʻau mangrove. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus e noho nei i ka nahele, ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi, alakaʻi i kahi ola sedentary, ʻoiai he kūpaʻa a wānana ʻia nā lako meaʻai. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi kekahi ʻano i ka nohona kanaka i loli a loaʻa i nā wahi mahiʻai a ma nā kūlanakauhale kūloko.
He aha ka ʻai a ka moa kakaka?
Kiʻi: Pōlū parrot keʻokeʻo
ʻAi ʻo Cockatoos i ka nui o nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia. Mālama nā hua i ka nui o ka papaʻai o nā ʻano āpau. ʻO Eolophus roseicapilla, Cacatua tenuirostris a me kekahi mau moa ʻeleʻele e hānai nui i ka honua i nā ʻohana hipa. Makemake lākou i nā wahi ākea me ka ʻike maikaʻi. ʻAi nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā kumulāʻau. He mau manamana loloa ko ke komohana a me ka wāwae wāwae lōʻihi no ka ʻeli ʻana i nā tubers a me nā aʻa, a hele ka pīpī ʻāpō i kahi pōʻai a puni ʻo Rumex hypogaeus, e hoʻāʻo ana e wili i ka ʻāpana o ka mea kanu a hemo i nā ʻāpana o lalo.
ʻAi ka nui o nā laha i nā ʻanoʻano mai nā cones a i ʻole nā hua o nā mea kanu e like me ka eucalyptus, bankia, hakeya naphtha, nā mea maoli i ka ʻāina o ʻAukekulelia i nā wahi maloʻo. ʻAʻole hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā pūpū paʻakikī i nā ʻano holoholona he nui. No laila, ʻahaʻaina nui nā ʻaka a me nā koʻokoʻo i nā hua. Ke kau nei kekahi mau nati a me nā hua mai ka wēlau o nā lālā lahilahi i hiki ʻole ke kākoʻo i ke kaumaha o ka moa, no laila kūlou ka hulu hema i ka lālā iā ia iho a paʻa me kona wāwae.
ʻOiai kekahi o nā cockatoos he mau mea laulā e ʻai i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole, makemake kekahi i kahi ʻano meaʻai kikoʻī. Aloha ka ʻūlū ʻeleʻele aniani i nā kone o nā lāʻau Allocasuarina, makemake i hoʻokahi ʻano, A. verticillata. Mālama ʻo ia i nā cones hua me kona wāwae a haki iā lākou me kona nuku ikaika ma mua o ka hemo ʻana i nā hua me kona alelo.
ʻAi kekahi ʻano laha i nā kolo he nui, keu hoʻi i ka wā hānau. ʻO ka hapanui o kaʻai koloatelo huelo melemele me nā pepeke. Hoʻohana ʻia kona nuku e huki i nā larvae mai ka wahie popopo. ʻO ka nui o ka manawa a ka moa kakato e hoʻolilo ai i ka hana no ka meaʻai e pili ana i ka wā.
I ka wā o ka nui, pono paha lākou i kahi mau hola i ka lā e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai, a hoʻolilo i ke koena o ka lā i ka squatting a preening paha i nā kumu lāʻau. Akā i ka hoʻoilo ke lilo lākou i ka hapa nui o ka lā e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai. Nui aʻe ka makemake o nā manu i ka meaʻai i ka wā hānau. Loaʻa i nā Cockatoos kahi goiter nui, e ʻae iā lākou e mālama a ʻānai i ka meaʻai no kekahi manawa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pōpō-moa moa
Pono ka Cockatoos i ke ao e ʻimi i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole lākou he manu mua, akā kali no ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana a ka lā i ko lākou wahi moe ma mua o ka hele ʻana i waho e ʻimi i ka meaʻai. He nui nā ʻano i pili kaiāulu nui a hānai a huakaʻi i nā hipa walaʻau. Aia i ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai, ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā hipa. I ka manawa o ka nui o ka meaʻai, liʻiliʻi ka poʻe hipa a helu i kahi o hoʻokahi haneli manu, ʻoiai i ka wā o ka maloʻo a me nā pōpilikia ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā ʻohana ke pehu a hiki i nā ʻumi tausani manu.
I ka mokuʻāina ʻo Kimberley, ʻike ʻia ka ʻohana o 32,000 mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā ʻano mea e noho ana i nā wahi ākea e hana i nā pūʻā nui ma mua o nā laha i nā wahi ululāʻau. Pono kekahi ʻano laha i kahi noho kokoke i nā wahi inu. Hele nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i kahi mamao ma waena o nā wahi moe a me nā wahi hānai.
Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻauʻau ʻauʻau ʻana ʻo Cockatoos:
- ke kau nei i luna i ka ua;
- lele i ka ua;
- lele i ka lau pulu o nā kumu lāʻau.
ʻO kēia ka nānā leʻaleʻa loa no ka ʻike o ka home. Pili loa ʻo Cockatoo i ka poʻe mālama iā lākou. ʻAʻole kūpono lākou no ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo i haʻi ʻia, akā akamai lākou a hōʻike maʻalahi hoʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā hana like ʻole a me nā kauoha. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā neʻe like ʻole, he kūoʻo. Hōʻike ʻia ka discontent me nā ʻuwā ʻino maikaʻi ʻole. He hoʻopaʻi nui lākou i ka lawehala.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: nā ʻoka ʻo Cockatoo
Hoʻokumu ʻo Cockatoos i nā pilina monogamous ma waena o nā kāne a hiki ke mau no nā makahiki he nui. ʻO ka wahine hānau wahine no ka manawa mua ma waena o nā makahiki ʻekolu a ʻehiku, a hiki i nā kāne ke oʻo i ka moekolohe ma ka ʻelemakule makahiki. ʻO ka lohi o ka wā ʻōpio, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā manu ʻē aʻe, e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻomohala i nā mākau o ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpio. Noho nā moa liʻiliʻi me ko lākou mau mākua a hoʻokahi makahiki. ua hoʻi mau nā ʻano he nui i kā lākou wahi pūnaewele i nā makahiki i hala.
He pololei pololei ka noho ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi me nā kāne paʻa. E like me ka nui o nā ʻoka, hoʻohana ka moa i nā pūnana hollow i nā lua o nā lāʻau i hiki ʻole iā lākou ke hana iā lākou iho. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau mea kaumaha ma muli o ka palaho a i ʻole ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka lālā, haki nā lālā, fungi a i ʻole nā mea kolo e like me nā termite a i ʻole nā ʻāhiu lāʻau.
Laha nā lua o nā pūnana a lilo i kumu hoʻokūkū, me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka laha, a me nā ʻano holoholona a me nā ʻano holoholona. Koho ʻo Cockatoos i nā hollows i nā kumulāʻau i ʻoi iki aku ka nui ma mua o lākou iho, no laila nā pūnana o nā nui like ʻole i punana i nā lua e kūlike i kā lākou nui.
Inā hiki, makemake ka moaʻi i ka pūnana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 7 a 8 mau mika, kokoke i ka wai a me nā meaʻai. Uhi ʻia nā pūnana i nā lāʻau, nā ʻāpana lāʻau a me nā lālā me nā lau. He ʻōiwi a keʻokeʻo nā hua. Hoʻololi ko lākou nui mai 55 mm a 19 mm. Hoʻololi ka nui o ka paʻa i loko o kekahi ʻohana: mai hoʻokahi a i ʻewalu mau hua. Ma kahi o 20% o nā hua i kau ʻia he maʻemaʻe. Hiki i kekahi mau laha ke waiho i ka lālani lua inā make ka mea mua.
Hānau ʻia nā ʻikena o nā ʻano āpau i uhi ʻia me ka melemele i lalo, me ka ʻokoʻa o ka cockatoo pāma, nona nā hoʻoilina i hānau ʻōlohelohe. Aia ka manawa hoʻoulu i ka nui o ka moa; ʻo nā ʻelele o nā lāhulu liʻiliʻi e hoʻouluulu i nā keiki ma kahi o 20 mau lā, a hoʻoulu ka moa i ka hua moa i nā lā he 29. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano lele ke lele ma kahi o 5 mau pule, a me nā kakato nui i 11 mau pule. I kēia wā, uhi ʻia nā moa me ka plumage a loaʻa iā 80-90% o ke kaumaha o nā mākua.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā kakā kakato
Kiʻi: Pōlū manu manu
Pilikia nā hua moa a me nā moa i nā mea hōkai ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā ʻano moʻo like ʻole, me ka moʻo nānā, ke piʻi i nā kumulāʻau a loaʻa iā lākou i nā lua.
ʻO nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe kekahi:
- he pueo lāʻau i ʻike ʻia ma Rasa Island;
- amethyst python;
- ʻūhā;
- mau koʻeko, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻiole konohiki wāwae wāwae keʻokeʻo ma Cape York;
- carpal posum ma ka mokupuni kangaroo.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Galah (ʻākala-hina) a me nā cockatiels liʻiliʻi e hoʻokūkū ana i nā pūnaewele pūnana me ka ʻalalā ʻeleʻele ʻōniʻoniʻo kahi i make ai nā laha hope loa. Hiki i nā ʻino nui ke hoʻoheheʻe i nā lua, e hoʻomoe i nā ʻōpio, a hiki i ka hana termite ke alakaʻi i ka luku kūloko o nā pūnana. ʻO Peregrine falcon (hawk duck), ʻaeto Austraia dwarf aeto a me nā ʻaeto kāwele i ʻike ʻia e hoʻouka aku i kekahi ʻano o ka moa.
E like me nā ʻaka ʻē aʻe, ʻeha ka ʻūlū i ka nuku a me nā maʻi sirkovirus (PBFD). Mālama ka maʻi i ka nalo ʻana o ka hulu, ka piʻo o ka nuku a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka pale āpau o ka manu. Kūleʻa like ia i nā cockatoos hina hina, nā kīʻaha liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻano poni. Ua loaʻa ka maʻi ma 14 mau ʻano kūmato.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole paha he hopena koʻikoʻi ka PBFD i nā heluna manu olakino i ka nāhelehele. Hiki i ka virus ke hoʻoweliweli i nā lāhui liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i ka maʻi. E like me nā ʻākoʻo Amazon a me nā macaws, hoʻomohala pinepine ka moa i nā papilloma cloacal. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka pilina me nā neoplasma malignant, ʻo ke kumu o ko lākou helehelena.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pink Parrot Cockatoo
ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka heluna cockatoo ka nalowale o ka nohona a me ka ʻāpana a me nā holoholona lōhiu. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna kanaka i ka pae kūpono e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūnaewele pūnana i nā kumu lāʻau. Hoʻohui ʻia, nui nā ʻano i nā koina nohona kūikawā a noho paha ma nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi a loaʻa nā pae liʻiliʻi, e maʻalahi ai lākou.
ʻO ka Conservancy, hopohopo e pili ana i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna cockatoo, ua kuhiakau ʻo ia ʻo suboptimal juvenile hana ma waena o ka lehulehu āpau ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o nā wahi hānau ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o hinterland i ka makahiki i hala. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka ʻelemakule o nā cockatoos hihiu, kahi o ka hapa nui o nā manu post-reproductive. E alakaʻi kēia i ka emi wikiwiki ʻana o nā helu ma hope o ka make ʻana o nā manu ʻelemakule.
Pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana i nā laha he nui no ke kūʻai aku, akā hoʻomau ke kānāwai me ke kānāwai ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā manu i loko o nā pahu a i ʻole nā paipu ʻohe a lawe ʻia e ka moku mai Indonesia a me Pilipine. ʻAʻole wale nā mea laha i hoʻopulana ʻia mai Indonesia, akā ʻo nā cockatoos maʻamau hoʻi i lawe ʻia mai Australia. I mea e hoʻomālie ai i nā manu, uhi ʻia lākou i nā stockings nylon a wahī ʻia i nā paipu PVC, a laila kau ʻia i nā ukana me ka ukana ʻole ma nā lele kūwaho. ʻO ka helu make no ia "huakaʻi" a hiki i 30%.
I kēia mau lā, ke hoʻonui nui nei nā mea kūʻai aku i nā hua manu, nā mea maʻalahi e hūnā i nā wā lele. Manaʻo ʻia ua lawe ʻia ke kālepa cockatoo e nā ʻāpana i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia e kālepa pū ana i nā ʻano Australia no nā lāhui kai e like me ka macaw.
Kahu kiaʻi Cockatoo
Kiʻi: Buke ʻulaʻula Parrot cockatoo
Wahi a ka IUCN a me ka International Organization for the Protection of Birds, ʻehiku mau ʻano o nā cockatoos i manaʻo ʻia he palupalu. ʻElua mau ʻano - ʻo ka ʻūlū Pilipino + ʻo ka moa-melemele-i manaʻo ʻia he mea make. Makemake nui ʻia ʻo Cockatoos e like me nā holoholona a me ka ʻoihana i loko o ia mau mea hoʻoweliweli i kekahi laha. Ma waena o 1983 a me 1990, 66,654 i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā kūpuna Moluccan i lawe ʻia mai Indonesia, a ʻaʻole pili kēia helu i ka nui o nā manu i hopu ʻia no ke kālepa kūloko a i ʻole i lawe hewa ʻia i waho.
Hoʻolālā nā noiʻi heluna kanaka Cockatoo i ka helu ʻana i nā ʻano kakato i koe ma waena o kā lākou āpau āpau e loaʻa ai nā kuhi pololei o ka nui a hoʻoholo i kā lākou pono kaiaola a me ka hoʻokele. Hiki i ka hiki ke koho i ka makahiki o ka maʻi maʻi a me ka ʻehaʻeha cockatoos ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi i ka mōʻaukala ola o ka cockatoos i nā papahana hoʻoponopono a kōkua nui i ka ʻike ʻana i nā moho kūpono no ka hānau pio.
ʻOka moa, pale ʻia e ka Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna (CITES), ka mea e kaupalena nei i ka lawe mai a me ka lawe aku i nā manu ʻāhiu i hopu ʻia no nā hana laikini kikoʻī. ʻElima mau ʻano o ka moa (e like me nā ʻāpana āpau) - Goffin's (Cacatua goffiniana), Filipino (Cacatua haematuropygia), Moluccan (Cacatua moluccensis), yellow-crested (Cacatua sulphurea) a me ʻeleʻele cockatoo - pale ʻia ma CITES I.Pale ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe āpau ma ka papa inoa CITES II Appendix.
Lā paʻi: 19.04.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 21:55
