Saiga He holoholona ungulate ia i lālā o ka ʻohana antelope. ʻO kēia wale nō ka ʻano antelope e noho ana i ʻEulopa. Kapa ʻia ka wahine o kēia holoholona he saiga, a kapa ʻia ke kāne he saiga a i ʻole margach. I ka mua, nui ka heluna o nā laha, i kēia lā ua kokoke pau nā holoholona kupaianaha i ka make.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Saiga
ʻO nā Saigas he mau māmela chordate. ʻO nā holoholona he ʻelele o ke kauoha o artiodactyls, ka ʻohana bovids, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka genus a me nā ʻano o ka saiga.
He holoholona kahiko loa ka saiga. Ua ʻike hilinaʻi ʻia ia i loko o ka wā Pleistocene noho lākou i ka mokuna holoʻokoʻa o Eurasia o kēia manawa mai nā mokupuni Pelekane ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana a i Alaska ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina. Ma hope o ka glaciation honua, mālama ʻia ka ʻāina o ko lākou noho ʻana ma nā steppes Europa wale nō. Wahi a kekahi mau zoologists ua ʻānai ʻia kēia mau ʻelele o nā bovids me nā mammoths. Mai kēlā mau manawa, ʻaʻole i loli iki nā holoholona, ua hoʻomau lākou i ko lākou helehelena mua.
Video: Saiga
I Lūkini, ua puka kēia inoa mai ka ʻōlelo Tureke. Ua ʻike ʻia i loko o ka haʻiʻōlelo haʻi ʻōlelo mahalo i nā hana ʻepekema o ka mea noiʻi a me ka ʻepekema Austrian ʻo Sigismund von Herberstein. I kāna mau kākau ʻana, ua wehewehe ʻo ia i ka nohona a me nā ʻano o kēia holoholona. ʻO ka ʻōlelo mua loa o kahi holoholona i kapa ʻia ʻo "saiga" i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kāna hana ʻepekema "Notes on Muscovy", kahi i kākau ai ka mea noiʻi ma 1549.
Ke hoʻokumu nei i kāna puke wehewehe wehewehe, ua kuhikuhi ʻo Dahl e kāhea pono ʻia kekahi wahine he saiga, a ua kapa ʻia kahi kāne he saiga.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Saiga holoholona
ʻO ka saiga kahi antelope liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kanaka makua he 115 - 140 mau kenimika. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona ma kahi maloʻo he 65-80 kenimika. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino o kekahi holoholona makua he 22-40 kilokika. Loaʻa i nā saigas a pau kahi huelo pōkole, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o 13-15 mau kenimika. Ua haʻi kēia mau holoholona i ka dimorphism moekolohe.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine i ke kaupaona a me ka nui. Hoʻonani ʻia ke poʻo o nā kāne me nā kiwi e ulu ana i ka lōʻihi a i kanakolu kenimika. Kuhi pololei ʻia lākou i luna, loaʻa kahi ʻano crimped. Maopopo ke ʻano o nā pepeiaohao, a melemele paha i ke kala, a ʻoki ʻia me nā kualono transular annular.
He kino kino elongated ko nā holoholona, ʻaʻole lōʻihi, nā lālā wī.
ʻO ka lauoho o nā holoholona he one me kahi ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū, aneane keʻokeʻo. I ka hoʻoilo, pouli ka lauoho o nā holoholona, loaʻa ke kofe, ke kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. I ke kau anuanu, ʻaʻole huluhulu wale ka huluhulu o ka saiga, akā mānoanoa nō hoʻi, kahi e maʻalahi ai e hoʻomanawanui i nā makani ikaika a me nā hau paʻa paʻa. Hana ʻia ka molting i ʻelua mau manawa i ka makahiki - i ka puna a me ka lau.
Kū ka holoholona i waena o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka antelope me kahi hanana ihu kū hoʻokahi. I waho, ʻano like ia me kahi kumu pōkole.
Lōʻihi ka ihu o ka holoholona a paʻa loa ke kelepona. ʻO kēia ʻōnaehana o ka ihu e ʻae iā ia e hana i nā hana nui a me nā pono e pono ai. Mālama ia i ka ea i ke kau anuanu a mālama i ka lepo a me ka haumia liʻiliʻi loa i ke kauwela. Hoʻohui, hiki i kēia ʻano o ka ihu ke kāne e hana i nā leo haʻahaʻa e ʻumeʻume i nā wahine i ka wā o ka male ʻana, a hōʻike i ka ikaika i nā hoa paio. He pepeiao pōkole a ākea hoʻi ko ka holoholona, a he mau maka pouli e hōʻike mamao aku ana i kahi kaʻawale o kekahi.
Ma hea e noho ai ka saiga?
Kiʻi: Saigas ma Kazakhstan
Koho kēia mau ungulate i nā ʻāina pālahalaha wale me nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa e like me ko lākou wahi noho. Noho nui ʻo Saigas i ka steppes a i ʻole nā semi-Desert. Hoʻāʻo lākou e kāpae i nā awāwa, nā puʻu, a i ʻole nā ululāʻau paʻa.
I ka wā ma mua, he mea maʻamau nā saigas ma o Eurasia hou. I kēia lā aia lākou ma ke kapakai o ka make, a ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ʻia ko lākou wahi noho.
Nā ʻāpana ʻāina o ka nohona holoholona:
- ʻĀpana ʻo Astrakhan o ka Russian Federation;
- Lepupalika ʻo Kalmykia;
- Altai;
- Kasakana;
- Usepekikana;
- Kaikikana;
- Monokolia;
- Tukemenikana.
Makemake ʻo Saigas i nā pāpū ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka lele ʻana o lākou. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo a me ke anuanu, makemake lākou e neʻe i nā wahi i uhi ʻia e ka hau, ʻoiai nā snowdrift kiʻekiʻe e hana i nā paʻakikī i ka neʻe. Hoʻāʻo nō hoʻi ʻo Saigas e hōʻalo i ka hele ma nā puʻu one, ʻoiai ma ia wahi he pilikia pū kekahi no lākou e neʻe, a ʻoi aku ka nui no ka pakele ʻana i ke alualu o nā mea ʻino. Noho kokoke nā holoholona i nā puʻu i ka wā hoʻoilo, ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻino hau a me nā makani ikaika.
Ua hoʻomohala kēia mau ʻelele o ungulate i kahi ʻano o ka neʻe - amble. I kēia ala, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki wikiwiki - a i 70 km / h. Hiki i nā Saigas ke noho i nā pāpū a me nā mauna kiʻekiʻe. I Kazakhstan, noho nā holoholona ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 150 a 650 mau mika ma luna o ka pae kai. Ma Mongolia, hōʻike ʻia ko lākou wahi e nā lua kokoke i nā kino wai.
I ke kau o ka ua nui, ke ʻike nei nā holoholona i nā pilikia a paʻakikī iā lākou e loaʻa kahi kumu o ka lako o ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke komo i ka ʻāina mahiʻai a ʻai i ka palaoa, ka rai, a me nā mea kanu e ulu ana i nā māla. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, koho nā holoholona i kahi kahi maʻalahi no lākou e loaʻa kahi kumu meaʻai a hoʻāʻo e noho kokoke i nā kino wai.
He aha ka meaʻai a ka saiga?
Kiʻi: puke ʻula ʻo Saiga
ʻO kēia mau holoholona he artiodactyls, no laila, he mau mea ulu lāʻau. Wahi a nā Zoologists ua ʻai nā saigas i kahi nui o nā ʻano mea kanu, ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli ka nui. ʻO ka papaʻai a me ka papa inoa o nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia i ka papaʻai o kahi holoholona e pili ana i ka wahi o ka noho, a me ke kau.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ka panalāʻau o Uzbekistan, kaʻai a ka saiga me ʻekolu mau kakini mau mea kanu, ma ka panalāʻau o Kazakhstan e pili ana i kanalima mau ʻano. Nānā ʻole i ka wahi e noho ai nā holoholona, ʻo ka helu o nā ʻano mea kanu i kūpono ma ke ʻano he kumuʻai no ka manawa hoʻokahi ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ke kanakolu.
He aha ka lako o ka meaʻai saiga:
- palaʻai;
- lālā lāʻau;
- hodgepodge;
- forbs;
- ephemera;
- ephedra;
- wormwood;
- nā laikini steppe;
- polū polū;
- mortuk;
- ahi ahi;
- quinoa;
- rhubarb;
- laikini;
- astragalus;
- nā lau tulip, etc.
I loko o ka wā o nā ʻino hau ikaika a ʻauheʻe hoʻi, hūnā i nā peʻa ulu lāʻau a noho ma laila a hiki i ka emi ʻana o ka wā maikaʻi ʻole. I kēia wā, pōloli pinepine lākou, a ʻai paha lākou i nā mea ulu, ʻano maloʻo o nā mea kanu - ʻohe, nāhelehele, tamariks, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Ma nā kapa o ka muliwai Volga, e hānai nui ka poʻe e noho ana ma laila i ka palaoa, camphor, twig a me nā lichens. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻokumu ʻia ka papaʻai i ka lāʻau wormwood, lichens, ka mauʻu hulu.
Manaʻo ʻia nā holoholona ʻaʻole picky e pili ana i ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i kēlā me kēia ʻano mea ulu i maʻa mau i ko lākou wahi noho. ʻIke nui ʻia ka pono no ka wai i ka hoʻoilo, ke ʻai lākou i ka nui o nā mea maloʻo o nā mea kanu a me nā laʻalāʻau. I ke kau mahana, ke lanakila ka mau lau momona i ka papaʻai, hoʻopiha hou ʻia ka pono o ke kino no ka wai mai ka wai o loko.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: holoholona Saiga
He holoholona holoholona nā Saigas; ʻaʻole kū hoʻokahi lākou i ke ʻano. Hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā pūʻā holoholona he nui, alakaʻi ʻia e kahi alakaʻi ikaika a mākaukau hoʻi. Hiki i ka helu o nā kānaka o kēlā ʻano hānai ke kau mai hoʻokahi a ʻelima a ʻeono mau kakini kanaka. Aia ia i loko o nā holoholona e alakaʻi i kahi nohona nomadic. Neʻe lākou i nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa e ʻimi i ka meaʻai, a i ʻole heʻe i nā wā maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka manawa pinepine neʻe lākou i nā wao akua me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo a me ke anuanu, a hoʻi i ka ʻanuʻu me nā lā mahana mua.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, komo pinepine nā alakaʻi o nā hui like ʻole o nā holoholona i nā hakakā, a hiki pinepine i ka make. Hoʻopili pū ka nohona nomadic i ka neʻe o ka lehulehu. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe a me kāna pae e kahi alakaʻi ikaika. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kānaka āpau o ke kau bipi ke kūlike me ia. No laila, nui nā holoholona ʻaʻole i hiki i kā lākou huakaʻi, e make ana ma ke ala.
Hoʻololi nui nā holoholona i nā kūlana kaiapuni. Hiki iā lākou ke ola i nā wahi me ka liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai a me ka wai, a ma ia ʻano hiki iā lākou ke noho no kahi manawa lōʻihi. I ke kaʻina o ka neʻe, hiki i nā holoholona ke neʻe i ka wikiwiki, i kekahi manawa e piʻi i 80 km / h. Ke hoʻokokoke nei ka pilikia, holo a pau nā holoholona. Holo nā holoholona maʻi a nāwaliwali hoʻi ma hope o ka pūʻā a make pinepine i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā mea ʻino.
He ʻauʻau kai maoli nā holoholona, mahalo i hiki ai iā lākou ke lanakila i nā kino wai liʻiliʻi a me ka waena me ka ʻole o nā pilikia. Ma ke kūlohelohe, hāʻawi ʻia nā holoholona i ka lohe maikaʻi, i hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā keke weliweli ma kahi mamao o kekahi mau mile. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi, loaʻa i nā holoholona kahi ʻala maikaʻi, e ʻae iā lākou e ʻike i nā loli i ke ʻano o ke aniau, ke hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka ua a me ka hau.
ʻO ke ola o nā holoholona he haʻahaʻa, a pili pono i ka wahine. Noho nā kāne ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe ma mua o ʻehā a ʻelima mau makahiki, hiki ke ola o nā wahine i 10-11 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: cub Saiga
He holoholona polygamous maoli nā Saigas. He wā kau ka moʻo ʻana a hala mai Nowemapa a i ka mua o Ianuali. Aia kēia manawa i ka ʻāina o ka noho. Ma ka panalāʻau o Kazakhstan, hala ka wā moena mai Malaki a ʻApelila. ʻO ka wā hānau o nā holoholona mai 10 a 25 mau lā. Hoʻokumu kēlā me kēia mākua moekolohe i kahi harem nona iho, ke kuʻi ʻana mai ka ʻelima a ka ʻumi mau wahine, ka mea i pale ʻia e nā kāne mai ke komo hewa ʻana o nā kāne waho.
Aia ka harem i hana ʻia ma kekahi panalāʻau, me ka ʻāpana o 30-80 mau mika kūlike. I loko o kēia wā, hele a huhū nā kāne, hakakā pinepine i ka pono e komo i ka male me hoʻokahi a i ʻole wahine ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopau pinepine kēlā mau kaua i nā ʻeha nui a me ka make.
I ka wā o ka moekolohe, hūnā nā kāne i kahi huna kikoʻī mai ka ʻōpū infraorbital a me ka ʻōpū. Hana pinepine ka male ʻana i ka pō; i ke ao, hoʻomaha pinepine nā kāne a loaʻa ka ikaika. I loko o kēia wā e ʻai liʻiliʻi nā kāne, lilo ka ikaika a me ke kaumaha o ke kino. I kēia manawa, aia kekahi mau hihia i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia o ka hōʻeha saiga i ka poʻe.
Hiki i nā wahine ke oʻo wahine i ka walu o ke ola o ke kāne, nā kāne wale nō ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki. Noho ka hāpai ʻana ma ka awelika o ʻelima mau mahina. ʻO nā wahine, ka mea e hānau keiki, hōʻuluʻulu i ka wahi hoʻokahi, ma ka ʻāina pālahalaha me ka liʻiliʻi, nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino o kahi keiki hānau he 3-3.5 kilogram.
I ka lā mua, wahaheʻe nā pēpē me ka ʻoniʻoni ʻole. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē, hele ʻo ka makuahine e ʻimi i ka meaʻai a me ka wai, akā hele mai ʻo ia e ʻike i kāna keiki i nā manawa he nui i ka lā. Ulu a ulu ikaika a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā keiki hānau, i ka lā ʻeono a ʻehiku paha hiki iā lākou ke hahai i ko lākou makuahine.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā saigas
Kiʻi: Saigas i ka anuʻu
E like me nā ʻelele o ungulate, hāʻule pinepine nā saigas i nā mea ʻaihue e noho ana i nā wahi kahi e loaʻa ai nā saigas.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ungulate:
- nā ʻīlio hae;
- ʻīlio hae;
- ʻalopeke;
- ʻīlio auwana.
I ka manawa pinepine, moe ka poʻe ʻaihue i kā lākou mea pio ke ʻākoakoa lākou i nā pua e inu. ʻ saylelo nā Zoologists i ka wā e hoʻouka kaua ʻia i ka manawa i manaʻo nui ʻole ʻia, hiki i kahi ʻāhi o nā ʻīlio hae ke luku a i ka hapahā o ka poʻe ungulate. ʻO ka makaʻu nui loa i ka helu o nā holoholona e hōʻike ʻia e nā kānaka a me kā lākou mau hana. I nā helu he nui, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā saigas e nā mea ʻai holoholona nāna i ʻimi no ka hulu waiwai, ka ʻono momona a me ka momona, a me nā pepeiaohao o kahi holoholona hoofed.
ʻO nā pepeiaohao o kēia mau holoholona he waiwai nui a hoʻohana ākea ʻia i ka hana ʻana i kahi lāʻau ʻē aʻe i Kina. Hana ʻia ka pauka mai iā lākou, i hoʻopili ʻia i ka hui ʻana o antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, a me nā lāʻau hoʻomaʻemaʻe kino. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana nā mea hōʻola Kina i kēia pauka ma ke ʻano he lāʻau no nā maʻi ate, migraines, pathologies o ka gastrointestinal tract.
Ma ka mākeke Kina, uku ʻia nā kālā he nui no ia mau pepeiaohao, nui ka makemake no nā pepeiaohao saiga i nā manawa āpau, no laila e ʻimi nā mea ʻai holoholona e hoʻopiha hou i kā lākou ʻeke ma ka luku ʻana i kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Saigas i ke kūlohelohe
I kēia lā, helu ʻia ka holoholona i ka honua, i ka Russian Red Book me ke kūlana o kahi ʻano ma kahi o ka make loa. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe noiʻi i kahi kū i kahi emi nui o ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona i ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala.
I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomōhala ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma Kina a ua hoʻomaka ka mākeke e hāʻawi kālā nui no nā pepeiaohao o kahi holoholona, kahi i hana ʻia ai kahi pauka hoʻōla. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻili holoholona a me kā lākou ʻiʻo, i loaʻa nā ʻano ʻono maikaʻi loa, he waiwai nui. Hoʻomaka ka helu o nā poachers e ulu wikiwiki, a ua luku aloha ʻole ʻia nā holoholona.
I ka manawa i haʻahaʻa loa ai ka nui o nā holoholona, ua hoʻomaka ka mana o ka mana e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pāka aupuni kūikawā kahi e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ai ka nui o kēia mau holoholona. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i kūleʻa ka hoʻāʻo mua. Kuhi nā Zoologists i kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia nā kūlana kūpono no ke ola a me ka hana hou ʻana, a ʻaʻole nō hoʻi i hoʻomohala nā loea i nā papahana no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka heluna saiga.
Mālama mālama Saiga
Kiʻi: puke ʻula ʻo Saiga
I mea e pale aku ai i nā holoholona mai ka luku ʻana, mālama a hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou helu, ua helu ʻia lākou i loko o ka International Book Red ma ke ʻano he ʻano lihi ma kahi o ka make. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hui pū ʻia lākou i ka papa inoa o nā holoholona i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano he lunamakaʻāinana o flora a me nā holoholona, e ʻimi a kapu paha ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana.
Ke hoʻomohala nei ke Keʻena Hunting o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa i kahi o nā hana kau kānāwai e pili ana i ka hoʻolauna ʻana i ke kuleana kalaima a me ka hoʻokele no ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano holoholona laha ʻole, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā papahana kūikawā i mālama ʻia a hoʻihoʻi hou i ka helu o kēia mau holoholona.
Kāhea nā Zoologists a me nā kānaka noiʻi i ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā mālama kūlohelohe a me nā pāka aupuni kahi e pono ai e hana i nā kūlana kokoke loa i ka nohona kūlohelohe o ka saiga. I loko wale nō o kahi ʻano, me ka lawa o ka meaʻai, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena mua. Saiga He lunamakaʻāinana loa ia o flora a me nā holoholona, nāna i mālama i kona hiʻohiʻona mua mai ka hoʻomaka o ka noho ʻana ma ka Honua. I kēia lā, aia ʻo ia ma ke kaʻe o ka nalowale loa, aʻo ka hana a ke kanaka e hoʻoponopono i kāna mau hewa a pale i kāna luku loa.
Lā paʻi: 18.04.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 21:47
