ʻO Sparrowhawk - predator hulu liʻiliʻi. He wikiwiki ʻo ia, ʻeleu, koa a me ka helu ʻana i ka hahai holoholona. ʻAʻole hōʻike ka inoa i kāna makemake i ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia ʻano. Hualu ʻo ia i nā nahele liʻiliʻi a me nā manu o lalo. Kaulana i nā ʻāina ʻē ma ke ʻano he "sparrow".
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Sparrowhawk
ʻO kēia manu mai ka genus o nā hawks maoli o ka ʻohana o nā ʻākena a me ke kauoha o nā ʻio. Ua lawe ke kanaka i hoʻokahi kenekulia a me ka hapa e kākau hou i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka sparrowhawk. Ua ʻokoʻa iki kekahi i kekahi. Aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa iki i ka nui a me ke kala.
Ua wehewehe nā ʻepekema i ʻeono mau ʻāpana:
- Noho ʻo Accipiter nisus nisus ma ʻEulopa, a ʻo ka huinakolu ma waena o nā Ural Mountains, Siberia a me ʻIrani. Loaʻa kona inoa i ka 1758. Ua wehewehe mua ʻia e Carl Linnaeus.
- Noho ʻo Accipiter nisus nisosimilis ma Central a me Siberia Hikina, Iapana, Kina a me Kamchatka. Ua wehewehe ʻia i ka makahiki 1833 e Samuel Tickel.
- Noho ʻo Accipiter nisus melaschistos i nā kuahiwi o Afghanistan, ka Himalayas, Tibet, a me ke komohana o Kina. Ua ho'ākāka ʻia ma 1869. Ua hana ʻia e Allen Octavius Hume.
- Ua koho ʻo Accipiter nisus granti i nā mokupuni ʻo Canary a me Madeira e noho ai. Subspecified i ka makahiki 1890 na Richard Boudler Sharp.
- ʻO ka accipiter nisus punicus ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā sparrowhawks. Noho ma Aferika komohana ʻākau a me Sahara ʻākau. Ua wehewehe ʻia ma 1897 e ka baron Kelemania ʻo Carlo von Erlanger.
- Hāpai nā accipiter nisus wolterstorffi ma Sardinia a me Corsica. Ua wehewehe ʻia i ka makahiki 1900 e Otto Kleinschmidt.
Hele nā ʻohana ʻĀkau i ka hoʻoilo ma ke Kaiwaenahonua a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: manu Sparrowhawk
He leo ʻoiʻoi a me ka maopopo kā Sparrowhawk. Akā ʻo ka lohe ʻana i ka mea ʻino he paʻakikī ia. Noho nā kiaʻi manu a me nā mea kūlohelohe i nā hoʻohālua no nā hola. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa leo i ka leo o ka manu wale i ka wā ʻimi holoholona a moʻa. ʻAʻole like ia me kona ʻohana nui, ʻaʻole hoʻouka ka Accipiter nisus i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā manu ke kumuhana o kāna ʻimi holoholona.
ʻO nā wahine Sparrowhawk ʻaneʻane pālua ka nui i nā kāne. ʻO ke kaulike kāne he 170 gram, ʻo ka paona o ka wahine he 250-300 gram. Hāʻawi nā ʻeheu pōkole a me ka huelo lōʻihi i ka maneuverability i ka manu. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka ʻēheu o ka wahine ma mua o 22 cm ka lōʻihi, ma ke kāne - 20 knm. 38cm ke kino ma ka awelika. He kala ʻokoʻa ko nā kāne. Ma luna ona hina, ma lalo o ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me kahi ʻano ʻulaʻula ʻano. ʻUlaʻula hoʻi ka pāpālina kāne. I nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻike maopopo ʻia kahi kuʻemaka maka.
ʻO Sparrowhawk wikiō:
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wahine e ke kala ʻalani ma luna. Ma lalo he keʻokeʻo me nā kaha ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā wahine, ʻaʻole like me nā kāne, ʻaʻohe oʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. I nā wahine a me nā kāne ʻelua, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā kahakaha transverse 5 ma ka huelo i ka lele ʻana. Loaʻa i nā kino nā ʻāʻalo luhi. Me he mea lā ʻo ka manu i ka mea pale kaua.
ʻOkoʻa ka poʻe ʻōpio mai ka poʻe mākua i ka hohonu a me ka ʻōlinolino o ke kala. I nā manu ʻōpio, keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo ma kahi o ka plumage. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e kahi ʻōnaehana plumage ʻokoʻa - ʻike ʻia nā kiko i ke ʻano o nā puʻuwai mai lalo. ʻO Sparrowhawks he ʻekolu mau kiko melemele i ʻike ʻia ma ke kua o ke kala nui. ʻO nā maka, nā wāwae a me ke kumu o ka nuku melemele canary. Liʻiliʻi ka nuku, poepoe ke poʻo.
Ma hea e noho ai ka sparrowhawk?
Kiʻi: Sparrowhawk kāne
ʻO ka laulā o ka sparrowhawk ka laulā maʻamau. Loaʻa nā manu o kēia ʻano ma Siberia, ka Hikina hikina, ʻEulopa, Afghanistan a ʻo nā wahi mamao e like me ka Himalayas a me Tibet. Ua koho kekahi mau mea lawelawe i ka noho ʻole ma ka ʻāina nui, akā ma nā mokupuni ʻo Canary, Madeira, Sardinia a me Corsica. Ua noho nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano manu a hiki i ʻApelika.
ʻAʻole nā ʻohana āpau o ka Sparrowhawk e neʻe. ʻO nā manu e noho ana i ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa hoʻoilo ma ka ʻāina Mediterranean, ma ka Hikina Waena, a ʻo Iāpana a me Kōlea hoʻi. Noho lākou i ko lākou mau home a puni ka makahiki a ua hoʻonohonoho pono i nā pūnaewele pūnana. ʻO nā ala neʻe o nā ʻio liʻiliʻi e pili pono i nā wahi noho o nā manu liʻiliʻi, kahi e hānai ai kēia mea hōkai. Ke hele nei i ka hoʻoilo, lele nā lawaiʻa ma luna o ka North Caucasus, ʻIranani a me Pakistan - nā ʻāina wale nō kahi e ʻai ai nā hawk i nā ʻulu, kahi i loaʻa ma laila ka nui. Hana kēia i nā kūlana hoʻomehana hale no ka hoʻomaha a me ka momona no ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea neʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo ka inoa o ka sparrowhawk ma muli o ke kuko o kekahi kanaka no ka hei manu ʻio hawk kaulana. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻāʻī kaka ʻole ka hawk i kēia manu.
Noho ʻo Sparrowhawk i nā wahi like ʻole. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma nā ululāʻau a me nā steppes, a ma waho o nā kūlanakauhale. Noho maʻalahi ʻo ia i ke kuahiwi. Loaʻa nā pūnana hawewe Quail ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5000 m ma luna o ka pae kai. ʻO nā wahi punahele nā nahele ulu nui ʻole, nā kahawai kahawai, steppes, nā awāwa a me nā wao akua.
He aha ka ʻai a ka sparrowhawk?
Kiʻi: wahine ʻo Sparrowhawk
ʻO ka Sparrowhawk kahi lāhui ornithophagous e hānai i nā meaʻai ola. Alualu ʻo ia i nā manu liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa i ka papa inoa nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā lika. Makemake e pāʻina ma nā finches a me nā blackbirds. ʻImi ʻo ia i nā nūnū wahie, a me nā manu nūnū a me nā manu ʻā hoʻi. ʻO ka mea i loaʻa i ke kahu hawewe wahine ʻelua mau manawa ka nui iā ia iho. Aia kekahi mau hihia ke ʻimi nā lawaiʻa i nā ʻau huehue a me nā ʻalalā.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻo Sparrowhaw e ʻimi maʻamau i ka lā. Hoʻomaha ka manu i ka pō. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia ke lohi ke kahiʻu i ka hopu holoholona a hiki i ke ahiahi ʻana, a laila ʻike ʻia nā pueo liʻiliʻi a me nā opeapea i kāna papaʻai. Hana hewa pinepine nā manu ʻōpio i kēia.
Pili ka meaʻai Sparrowhawn i ka neʻe ʻana a me ke kau. Hiki ke hoʻoholo i kāna papaʻai e nā wahi o ka huhuki. Ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana, wehe ka sparrowhawk i nā hulu mai ka mea i hōʻino ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hulu a me nā ʻōpala ʻai e hoʻokolokolo i ka papaʻai o kahi manu. Pili ka papaʻai i ka manawa o ka makahiki a me ka ʻāina i neʻe ai nā sparrowhawks. I ka puna, loaʻa nā hulu manu i nā hulu o ka zoryanka, titmouse a me ka starling i ka huhuki.
ʻOiai manaʻoʻiʻo nui ʻia e ʻimi manu wale ana nā sparrowhawks i nā manu, aia kekahi mau hihia o ka ʻimi holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā rana. E like me ka mea i kākau ʻia e nā ʻepekema, ma kahi o 5% o ka papaʻai sparrowhawk he mau koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi a me nā amphibians. ʻOiai e neʻe ana ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka Baletika, hoʻouka aku nā manu i nā ʻōpua ʻōpio, a hoʻouka aku nā manu sparrowhawks i nā ʻoka.
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Sparrowhawk i ka ʻai ʻana i nā manu. Ma muli o ka makaʻu ʻole o ka hawk e noho ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka poʻe, ʻeha ka mahiʻai lālā pilikino. Ma mua o 150 mau mea hana meaʻai i loaʻa i nā mea hānai hoʻāʻo i holo ʻia e nā kiaʻi manu. ʻAi aku kahi sparrowhawk makua ma mua o 1000 mau manu liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi sparrowhawk i nā mea ʻino a me nā acorns.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Sparrowhawk i ka hoʻoilo
ʻAʻole haʻalele ka hawk i ke kahua kaua a haʻalele ʻole i ka hakakā me ka ʻole o ka mea pio. ʻAʻole ia e kua ʻia i lalo e ka hubbub o ka ʻohana i hānai ʻia e ka makaʻu. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka makaʻu manu i ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana. ʻO ka Sparrowhawk, ʻokoʻa i nā manu manu ʻio ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole e lele i ka lewa ke ʻimi nei i ka mea pio. He haku ʻo ia i ka hoʻolālā. Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi huelo hāmama, lele ʻo ia i ka lewa no kahi lōʻihi loa.
Mea hoihoi: Ma muli o ke kaulike ʻole o ka nui o nā manu i ka pālua, ʻimi nā kāne i nā mea liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai makemake nā wahine i nā mea nui.
Loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe. E launa me kahi kanaka. ʻAno a hoʻomaʻamaʻa nō hoʻi. ʻO ka hoa lawaiʻa maikaʻi. Hīmeni ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona o ka hawk quail i ka mele a me ka prose. He manu punahele ka hawewe quail o nā kānaka he nui mai ka wā mai waena mai. I Rukia, ua kapa ʻia ka manu ʻo ka moʻo liʻiliʻi. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo ia e ʻimi i nā ʻūlū. ʻO ia ke kumu i ulu ʻole ai ka inoa ʻo "sparrow hawk", ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ma ʻEulopa, ma Rūsia.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻimi holoholona e nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical o ka hawk. ʻO nā ʻēheu pōkole e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻokele ma waena o nā lau o nā kumu lāʻau a ʻaʻole e hōʻemi i ka wikiwiki. Hāʻawi ka huelo hulu lōʻihi i ka maneuverability kiʻekiʻe. ʻAe kēia i ka manu e noho i ke kau ʻana no ka manawa lōʻihi e ʻimi nei i ka pio.
Mea hoihoi: He ʻohana paʻa paʻa mau ʻo Sparrowhawks a pūnana i nā pūnana. Inā weliweli, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka hawk i kahi, akā hāpai i ka pūnana i luna. Wehe i ka mea kahiko a kūkulu i nā mea hou mai nā lako hana i loaʻa.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Sparrowhawk
I ka hopena o ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ua hoʻopau nā manu i ko lākou wā ʻōpio a ua mākaukau no kā lākou paʻa mua. Pau ka manawa o ka noho aloha ʻana me ka hana ʻia o kahi paʻa paʻa. Ua hala nā kuʻikahi i mau makahiki. Loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻohana he mau pūnana i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ua "neʻe" kēia ʻano mai kekahi pūnana a i kekahi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e pono ai, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke aniau a me nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
Kūkulu ʻo Hawks i kahi pūnana hohonu ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 10 mau mika a ʻoi paha. Aia kekahi mau hihia o nā ʻio e hānai ana i ka pūnana ma luna aʻe mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki. ʻO kēia ʻano manu ma muli o ka hoʻopilikia o waho. Hoʻomoe ʻia nā hua manu i ka hopena loa o ka puna a me ke kauwela kau. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia ke hoʻopau ʻia ke kau ʻana ma ka hopena o ʻApelila. Ma ka awelika, waiho i kekahi mau hua he 5. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe Ornithologists i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka nui o nā paʻa i kēia manawa. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hopena o ke kaiaola ka hopena o ka helu o nā hua.
Keʻokeʻo nā hua manu Sparrowhaw. ʻO ka lauana chaotic o ke kala o nā pōhaku lepo kuni huna iā lākou mai nā mea ʻino nui. I ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā pūnana, hoʻohana wale nā hawks quail i nā lālā maloʻo a me nā mauʻu wale nō, nā hulu mai ka huhuki ʻana. Hohonu kahi o ka hoʻomoe ʻana, pani paʻa ʻia mai ka maka prying, ka makani a me ka ua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: i ka wā o ka hatching, lilo ka wahine i mea hakakā. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia o ka hoʻouka ʻia e nā hawk quail i ka poʻe. Ma Ryazan, ua hoʻouka kaua ʻia kahi loea e kekahi mau kāne i noho kokoke i kahi noho.
ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā hua manu he 30 mau lā. Ke hoʻopau, ʻike ʻia nā moa. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻomoe ʻana. Wahi a nā ornithologists, i loko o nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei, 70-80% ka hiki ke paʻa i nā paʻa. Inā make ka paʻa, e hoʻonohonoho nā sparrowhawks i kahi hou. I kekahi manawa loaʻa nā moa o nā makahiki like ʻole i nā pūnana.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka Sparrowhawk
Kiʻi: manu Sparrowhawk
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka Sparrowhawk nā manu nui o nā mea pio. ʻAʻole haʻalele ka goshawk i ka manawa kūpono e alualu ai i kona kaikaina. Ke pale nei iā lākou iho mai kēlā ʻano hoʻoweliweli, ʻaʻole kūkulu nā sparrowhawks i nā pūnana ma kahi kokoke i nā goshawks, e mālama nei i kahi mamao o ka pūnana ma kahi o 10 km.
Ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa, ua wehewehe ʻia nā hihia hōʻeha i ka sparrowhawk e nā ʻalalā hina a i ʻole nā manu nūnū, i hui pū ʻia i loko o kahi ʻāpana, hoʻouka i nā ʻio. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hoʻouka kaua ʻana ma ka Sparrowhawk ma nā kaona a me nā kauhale, kahi e noho ai nā manu kokoke i nā hale o ke kanaka e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai. Hoʻoulu nā hipa lehulehu o nā passerines i nā hawks. Akā ʻaʻole ka hawk e hoʻokele mau i ka loaʻa kālā mai ka waiwai pio maʻalahi. ʻAʻole nā pūʻulu hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi e kipaku wale i nā hoʻouka ʻana o nā lawaiʻa, akā hoʻokuke hoʻi i ka mea ʻino mai ka pūnaewele pūnana.
Ua lilo ʻo Felines i mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe o sparrowhawks. ʻAihue lākou i nā pūnana me nā keiki hānau hou a me nā manu ʻōpio.
Hoʻokumu pū ka poʻe i nā kūlana no ka emi ʻana o ka heluna manu:
- Nā hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni ma muli o ka hana a ke kanaka.
- Ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o nā wahi noho manu maoli.
- Hoʻoneʻe ulu lāʻau, palau o nā mahina ʻai, kūkulu hale a me ka hana ʻana.
- ʻO ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kūlana kaiaola o nā wahi noho hawk maoli.
- ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻoihana ʻinoʻino e hoʻohaumia i nā wahi manu, hoʻemi i ka lako o ka meaʻai, a hoʻololi i ka hiki ke hana hou.
- Hopu manu no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ke kūʻai aku.
- Nā ala barbaric e pale aku ai i nā mahiʻai manu pilikino mai ka hawk.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Sparrowhawk ma kahi lāʻau
Ke emi nei ka heluna o ka laha ma muli o ka mana o ke kanaka ma luna ona. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua hina ka manu ma lalo o ke kī aloha ʻole ʻia. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Sparrowhawk e hoʻopōʻino nui i ka mahi manu nā manuʻai home. Ma ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka heluna manu ma kahi o ka hapahā, maopopo ka poʻe i ka hopena o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā sparrowhawks i ka nohona. ʻO ka hana hou ʻole ʻia ʻana o nā passerine ka mea i hōʻino nui i ka mahiʻai a me nā hua.
I kēia manawa ma 100 sq. km hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ma mua o 4 mau pūnana. ʻO ka ʻimi manu, kaiaolaola, a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe i hoʻololi i ka helu.
Wahi a nā ʻike hou loa, aia wale nō ma mua o 100,000 mau hui sparrowhaw i ka honua.
- Ma ʻEulopa, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2000 mau paʻa;
- He 20,000 mau paʻa ma Rūsia;
- Aia he 35,000 paʻa ma ʻAsia;
- He 18,000 paio o ʻApelika;
- He 22,000 mau paʻa o ʻAmelika;
- He 8,000 paʻa o nā mokupuni.
ʻO Sparrowhawk ʻaʻole ia i kekahi ʻano i ka hōʻemi o ka passerine heluna kanaka, ʻoiai ke kumu o ka hānai ʻana i nā manu o kēia kauoha. ʻAʻole hoʻi ia he ʻōlelo hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mahiʻai manuʻai ponoʻī ʻo ke keiki pilikino. Mālama i ke kaulike kūlohelohe.
Lā paʻi: 03/14/2019
Lā hou: 18.09.2019 ma 10:46
