A hiki i kēia manawa, aia kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena o nā ʻepekema inā no ka iʻa ka lamprey, a he papa kūikawā paha o nā parasites. Ma muli o kona ʻano ʻokoʻa a makaʻu hoʻi, huki ia i ka nānā, a me kāna ʻano physiology maʻalahi, ʻo lamprey kekahi o nā poʻe wai nui loa o ka honua. ʻO kahi iʻa nō hoʻi ipukukui a he helehelena maikaʻi ʻole kona, makemake ka poʻe e ʻai iā ia a lawe pū i nā kālepa nui no nā ipukukui.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Lamprey
ʻO ka iʻa lamprey kekahi o nā mea kahiko o ka Honua. ʻAʻole ia i hoʻololi i kona hiʻohiʻona i aneane 350 miliona mau makahiki. Ma muli o nā kumu kahiko, manaʻo kekahi mau ʻepekema na lamprey i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā iwi kuamoo. No laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻomālamalama ka lamprey i nā loli nui, akā manaʻo kekahi mau ʻepekema ua loli ka nui a i ka wā mua o kona noho ʻana he ʻumi a ʻumikūmālima mau manawa ka lōʻihi.
Video: Lamprey
ʻO ka iʻa Lamprey no ka papa o cyclostome - nā iwi āpau ʻole. Ua loaʻa nā inoa o nā mea o kēia papa ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana o ka waha, ʻaʻohe aʻa. Ma waho o nā ipukukui he nui, aia kekahi mixins - nā mea ola like ʻole e like me nā ipukukui i ka helehelena. ʻOiai ʻo ka mea maʻamau kēia hoʻokaʻina ka mea maʻamau, i kekahi manawa hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka iʻa lamprey i kahi papa kaʻawale a i ʻole manaʻo ʻia he ʻano iʻa myxine.
ʻO ka Lampreys kahi hui like ʻole i piha i kanahā mau ʻano. Māhele ʻia nā iʻa Lamprey i nā laha e pili ana i nā ʻano morphological, nā wahi noho, nā ʻano hana a me nā makemake papaʻai.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Iʻa Lamprey
ʻO ka nui o ka iʻa lamprey mai 10 a 30 cm. ulu nā Lampreys i ko lākou ola, ʻoiai ke lohi o ko lākou ulu me ka makahiki. Hiki i nā ipukukui kahiko ke piʻi i hoʻokahi mika i ka lōʻihi. Lahilahi ke kino o ka ipukukui a ʻololī hoʻi, e like me ka nahesa a me ka ilo.
Ua hoʻemi ʻia nā ʻāpana Lamprey a ʻaneʻane hana ʻole i kā lākou hana - ma ke ʻano he kūlana, paʻakikī lākou e ʻike ma ke kino o nā ipukukui. ʻAʻau ʻo Lampreys e like me nā nahesa a i ʻole nā eela moray, mahalo i kā lākou neʻe ʻana.
He mea maʻamau ka mea ʻike kiʻi o nā ipukukui. ʻEkolu o lākou mau maka, ʻike maopopo ʻia ma ke poʻo ʻelua. ʻAʻole ʻike maikaʻi kēia mau maka, akā holo nō naʻe. ʻO ke kolu o nā maka i aneane nalowale i ka papa o ka evolution: aia ia ma waenakonu o ke poʻo, kokoke i kona kaʻe. Ma mua, he nui nā meaola ola i like ka maka, akā ua ulu aʻe i loko o ka momona pineal a hui pū ʻia me ka cortex waho o ka lolo. ʻO kēia mau maka o ka ipukukui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike pū me ia.
ʻAʻohe o nā iwi iwi o Lampreys, a o ko lākou kino holoʻokoʻa he cartilage, i hiki ai i ka iʻa ke maʻalahi. Uhi ʻia ko lākou kino me ka mucus pāheʻe, ka mea e pale ai i nā lampreys mai nā mea hiki wawe ʻole: pale ka ʻūlū i ka ʻenemi mai ka hopu paʻa ʻana i nā ipukukui, ʻoiai hāʻawi ka mucus i ka heʻe. I nā ipukukui wai hou, ʻona kēia mucus, no laila, hana pono ʻia ma mua o ka kuke ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa.
ʻO kāna mea kōkua waha ka mea hoihoi loa. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe oʻa o ka iʻa, ʻo kona waha he funnel, kiko ʻia me nā niho ʻoi iki. Hana ka waha ma ke ʻano he omo, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia i nā niho. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka alelo kukui me nā niho like.
Ma hea e noho ai ka iʻa lamprey?
Kiʻi: River lamprey
Loaʻa nā iʻa Lamprey ma kahi o ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma muli o kā lākou mākau adaptive a me ka unpretentiousness. Wahi a ka nohona iʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ipukukui i nā mea e noho ana i ka paʻakai a me nā wai hou.
- i ka wai paʻakai: nā kai mai Farani a Karelia. Loaʻa pinepine i nā Moana Baletika a me ʻAkau Akau;
- i nā wai hou: nā loko o Ladoga a me Onega, Neva. Kaulana nui nā lampreys ma ke komohana o Rūsia. Hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ma nā loko o ka moku Kaliningrad.
ʻAʻohe loaʻa iki nā Lampreys ma ka ʻākau o Lūkia, ʻoiai ʻo kēia ʻano he ola ola kiʻekiʻe a i kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa nā lampreys i nā loko anuanu a i ʻole nā kahawai kūpaʻa. Hele koke ʻo Lampreys, no laila, ʻoiai ma hope o ka hatch ʻana i ka wai o ka muliwai, hiki iā lākou ke ʻau i ke kai a noho ma laila. ʻAʻole nō i loaʻa nā ipukukui i ke Kai ʻeleʻele, a kakaʻikahi loa lākou i ka wai o Belarus.
Aia kekahi hōʻike hōʻike e hōʻike ana kekahi poʻe i ka iʻa lamprey he mea diabolō.
ʻO ka helu nui loa o nā lampreys i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā makahiki 1990 kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Lipetsk. I kēia lā ua iho nui nā kukui i kēia wahi, akā ʻo ko lākou heluna ka nui loa.
He aha ka ʻai a ka iʻa lamprey?
Kiʻi: Lamprey
He mea hoihoi loa ke kaʻina hānai o lamprey ma muli o ke ʻano ʻokoʻa o kona waha. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻano nau, a ʻo nā mea āpau a hiki i ka lamprey ke hoʻopili i ke kino, hoʻopili iā ia iho me nā niho ʻoi a me ke alelo.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ke kukui uila, ke koho ʻana i kahi mea make, hoʻopili paʻa ʻia i kona kino. A laila nahu ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻili paʻa loa me nā niho ʻoi a hoʻomaka e inu i ke koko. Mahalo i nā mea kūikawā i ka lihi o ka ipukukui - anticoagulants, ʻaʻole e kō ke koko o ka mea i hoʻomake ʻia a hoʻomau i ke kahe ʻoiai aia ka lamprey ma ke kino o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia.
Hiki i ka ipukukui ke ʻai no kekahi mau hola, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lawelawe kāna lua waha no nā hana hanu. Me ke koko, ʻūlū ke kukui i nā mākia palupalu o ka lawehala e hāʻule i ka wahi o kona waha. I kekahi manawa paʻa paʻa nā ipukukui i ʻai lākou a hiki i nā ʻōpū o loko. ʻO ka poʻe i make, ʻoiaʻiʻo, make i kēlā mau ʻeha a me ke kahe o ke koko.
Hāʻule pinepine nā Lampreys i ka hopena i:
- ʻalekona;
- paʻa paʻa;
- cod;
- trout;
- huehue.
ʻAʻole nā lampreys āpau nā predatory parasite. Hōʻole kekahi mau ipukukui e ʻai pū, e hoʻolilo ana i ko lākou ola āpau i nā mālama o nā mea momona a lākou i hōʻiliʻili ai ʻoiai nā ʻelala.
Paʻa nā ipukukui Parasitic i ka iʻa inā ʻaʻole pololi lākou, akā aia wale nō ma kahi o kahi mea hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia. No laila, inā kokoke ka lima a me ka wāwae o kekahi kanaka, e lele koke ka ipukukui iā ia a e hānai. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ma ka hapanui o nā hihia ʻaʻole makaʻu nā lampreys i nā kānaka, ʻoiai e nānā ʻia e kahi kauka ma hope o kahi hanana e pono ai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Lamprey kai
ʻOiai nā iʻa lamprey nā iʻa, ʻaʻole ia e alakaʻi i kahi noho, molowa. ʻO ke kumu, moe ka ipukukui ma lalo o ka ipu wai a kali i kahi mea hiki ke ʻauʻau i mua, kahi e hiki ai i ka ipukukui ke omo. Inā ʻaʻohe iʻa ma ia wahi no ka manawa lōʻihi, a manaʻo ka ipukukui i ka pōloli, a laila hiki ke hoʻomaka ke neʻe i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi mau hihia o ka hoʻouka kukui i nā kānaka. ʻAʻole kekahi o lākou i hōʻeha nui i ka poʻe, akā i nā hihia ʻelua, ua hele nā mea i hōʻino ʻia i nā haukapila no ke kōkua.
ʻAi pinepine nā Lampreys i nā koena mai nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi he scavenger. ʻAi ʻoluʻolu lākou i nā mea make e hāʻule ana i lalo. ʻAʻohe ʻauʻau ʻo Lampreys mai kahi a kahi, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi i kahi mamao loa iā lākou iho, kahi e koi ai i ka ikaika nui mai iā lākou. ʻO ka pinepine, huakaʻi nā ipukukui, e pili ana i nā iʻa nui no nā lā he nui - mahalo i kēia hana, ua pāhola like lākou ma loko o ka moana kai holoʻokoʻa.
Kūleʻa ʻo Lampreys akā ʻaʻole huhū. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i kahi manawa kūpono e ʻai ai, ʻaʻole lākou i pale i ko lākou kuleana kīwila a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hakakā me nā ipukukui ʻē aʻe a me nā iʻa i hoihoi ʻole ʻia iā lākou. Inā lilo ka lamprey iā ia iho mea ʻai a kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hakakā i ka mea hoʻouka.
Noho mehameha nā Lampreys, akā nui lākou e hui ʻia i nā hui ma lalo. Hiki ke kumu ʻia i kekahi mea e nā meaʻai i koho ai i kekahi mau ipukukui i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a i ʻole ma ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Iʻa Lamprey
ʻEleu loa ka iʻa lamprey me ka moloā i ka wā e lawaiʻa ana, e hoʻopili ana i nā ʻohana hipa.
ʻAʻole like me ka nohona, hānau ka wā hānau i nā wā like ʻole o ka makahiki:
- Caspian lamprey - ʻAukake a i ʻole Kepakemapa;
- Lamprey wai hou o ʻEulopa - ʻOkakopa a Kekemapa;
- Lamprey ʻEulopa hikina - Mei a Iune.
Ma muli o ka hoʻonāukiuki nui ʻia o ko lākou mau maka e ka lā o ka lā, hana mau ana ka ʻō ʻana i ka pō a ma loko o nā wai hou. No laila, hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o nā ipukukui e hele i mua i mea e loaʻa ai ka manawa e ʻau i loko o nā wai hou i ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana. I kēia wā, ulu nā niho a palupalu, ʻoiai pau nā ipukukui i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hānai ʻana.
Piʻi lākou i ka papa o ka ipu wai i kahi pūʻulu nui, e hana ana i nā pālua ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine. I loko o kēia wā, hoʻomaka ka wahine e hoʻokuʻu i kekahi mau hormona, ma muli o nā hua i hana ʻia i loko o kāna kino i loko. Hana ʻia kahi hana like i loko o nā ʻōnaehana kāne - hana ʻia ka waiū. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole o nā ipukukui nā ʻōnaehana o waho, kahi e hiki ʻole ai ke kaʻina o ka male ʻana, a ʻano ʻē ka physiology o ke kaʻina hānau.
Hoʻokumu ke kāne i kahi pūnana o nā ʻiliʻili paʻakikī i lalo o ka wai ʻauʻau, ʻoiai ka wahine, e omo ana i ka pōhaku, me ke kali hoʻomanawanui no ka pau ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana. Hāpai nā kāne i ka ʻiliʻili i ka pūnana, e omo ana i ka pōhaku i koho ʻia a ʻauʻau pū me ia i kahi i makemake ʻia. Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻiliʻili, hoʻopuehu ia i ka lepo a me ka silt me kāna huelo, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana ka pūnana. Hoʻopili ke kāne a me ka wahine, kāhili i nā hua a me ka waiū ma nā pores ma ke kino. Ikaika loa kēia hana, no laila e make nā mea ʻelua.
Mai nā hua he 10 tausani, hatch larvae, kahi e kū ai i loko o ka silt - sandworms. Hānai lākou ma ka kānana ʻana i ka wai ma o ka waha, no laila koho i nā meaola, a hiki iā lākou ke noho i kēia mokuʻāina a 14 mau makahiki. A laila ua hele ʻo ia i kahi manawa pōkole i kahi metamorphosis koʻikoʻi, a lilo i mau mākua.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka iʻa lamprey
Kiʻi: Caspian lamprey
ʻOiai he predator nui ka lamprey, nui kona mau ʻenemi. Mālama ʻo Lamprey i meaʻai no nā iʻa nui a me nā crustacea, a ulu aʻe kāna mau larvae i mau mākua ma muli o ka mea i ʻai pinepine ʻia e nā poʻe wai ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka iʻa a nā ipukukui e ʻai ai a hiki i ko lākou ʻenemi kūpono - pili ia i ka nui o ka iʻa a me ka lamprey ponoʻī. ʻO Salemona, ka mea i ʻai ʻia e ka iʻa kukui, hiki ke ʻai iā ia i ke ala like.
Ma waho aʻe o ka iʻa, hiki i nā manu ke ʻimi i nā ipukukui. Ke hiki mai i ka wai pāpaʻu, lawaiʻa nā stork a me nā herona i nā ipukukui mai lalo o ka silt i ke ao, ke peʻe nā ipukukui mai nā kukuna o ka lā e hoʻonāukiuki i nā maka. Ke luu manu nei nā Cormorants; hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā ipukukui i mea ʻai.
ʻO kahi makaʻu maʻamau i nā lampreys ka burbot, kahi iʻa kai hohonu e noho nui ana ma lalo o nā kīʻaha wai. I ke kai, lilo nā ipukukui makua i ka hoʻoilo i waiwai pio no nā iʻa nui loa e like me beluga. I kekahi manawa e hopu ʻiʻini ʻia nā ipukukui e nā sila Caspian a me nā mea ʻimi wai ʻē aʻe.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Lamprey
ʻO Lampreys kahi ʻano laha loa e noho kokoke ana i ka moana honua holoʻokoʻa. Mahalo i ko lākou momona a hiki ke neʻe wikiwiki, e pili ana i ka iʻa, ʻaʻole lākou i kokoke i ka make a ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēlā mau wānana. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kenekulia i hala, ua emi ka helu o lākou, a ʻo ke kumu o ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana.
ʻO nā ʻāina e like me Rūsia, Pinilana, Suedena a me Latvia e hana nei i nā ipukukui kukui nunui. ʻOiai ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole o ka helehelena, lawe ʻo lamprey i waiwai waiwai nui, a manaʻo ʻia kāna ʻiʻo he mea ʻono. I ke kai ʻo Baletika, ma kahi o 250 mau tona o nā ipukukui e paʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ʻo ka hapa nui i pickled.
ʻAi lākou i ka sandworms - nā ipo kukui. He waiwai momona hoʻi kā lākou a me kahi ʻono ʻoluʻolu.
Oi aku pinepine ipukukui ʻike ʻia i ka palai ʻana. ʻOluʻolu kāna ʻiʻo i ka ʻono a me ke ʻano, maʻalahi e kuke a ʻaʻole pono e ʻili ʻia, no laila mahalo kēia iʻa i nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua.
Lā paʻi: 11.03.2019
Lā hou: 18.09.2019 ma 21:00
