Leopadi hau - he kamaʻāina kupaianaha ia o nā mauna, predatory, dexterous, a me nā holoholona nani loa. Kapa ʻia ka holoholona he hau no ke kumu. ʻO kēia wale nō ka ʻohana o ka ʻohana manu e noho ana ma nā mauna, kahi e moe ai ka hau i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. Kāhea ʻia ka predator ka leopadi hau, ka haku o nā kuahiwi a i ʻole ka leopadi hau.
I ka wā kahiko, no ka like o ka helehelena, ua kapa ʻia lākou he leopadi hau, a ua manaʻo ʻia he mau ʻelele o ia ʻano like. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pili ka leopadi hau i nā leopadi. ʻOi aku ka ikaika a me ka wikiwiki, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui. Minamina, i kēia lā ʻo kēia predator nani nani e kokoke ana i ka make loa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Snow Leopard
He ʻelele ʻo Irbis o nā māmela karnivorous. Pili lākou i ka ʻohana feline, ʻike ʻia i loko o ka genus a me nā ʻano o nā leopadi hau. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumumanaʻo o ke kumu o kēia predator kupaianaha a lokomaikaʻi loa hoʻi.
I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 16, ua lohe nā mea kālepa huluhulu Lūkini a me nā mea hana lima mai nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona Tureke e pili ana i kahi kanaka uʻi pohihihi a lākou i kapa ai ʻo "irbiz". No ka manawa mua, hiki i nā kamaʻāina o ʻEulopa ke ʻike i kahi pōpoki kūwaho i 1761. Ua hōʻike ka mea noiʻi ʻo Georges Buffon i nā kiʻi hanohano o ʻEulopa o kahi pōpoki hihiu nani loa. Ua kākoʻo ʻo ia i kāna mau kiʻi me ka ʻike i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia a alakaʻi ʻia e komo i ka hopu holoholona ma Peresia.
Video: Irbis
Mai ia manawa, makemake nui nā mea noiʻi ʻepekema a me nā zoologists i kēia holoholona kupaianaha. I ka 1775, ua kākau ke Kelemania Zoologist-naturalist ʻo Johann Schreber i kahi hana ʻepekema holoʻokoʻa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke kumu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā holoholona, a me kahi ʻano o ko lākou helehelena a me ko lākou nohona. Ma hope iho, ua hana pū kekahi ka ʻepekema Lūkini ʻo Nikolai Przhevalsky i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ke ola o ka leopadi hau. Ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau ʻepekema, e like me ka moʻokūʻauhau, nā hōʻike, e like me ka mea i hiki ai ke hoʻokūpaʻa i ka noho kokoke ʻana o kahi mea ʻaihue o ka ʻohana feline ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa miliona mau makahiki.
ʻO nā koena mua o ka holoholona, nā mea hōʻike a pau no ka leopadi hau, i ʻike ʻia ma ka palena komohana o Mongolia, ma Altai. Kau ʻia lākou i ka wā hope Pleistocene. ʻO ka loaʻa nui hou o nā koena o kahi holoholona ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Pakistan. ʻO kā lākou mau makahiki kokoke i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua miliona mau makahiki. I ka mua, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā leopadi hau me he panther lā. Ma kahi liʻiliʻi ma hope, ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi i ka ʻole o ka leopadi hau a me ka panther i nā hiʻohiʻona pololei i ka maʻamau.
He ʻano ʻokoʻa ko kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana feline ʻaʻole kūlohelohe i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻohana. Hāʻawi kēia i nā kumu no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā lākou i kahi genus a me nā ʻano. ʻOiai i kēia lā ʻaʻohe ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ke kumu o ka genus o nā leopadi hau, manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻaʻohe o nā kūpuna ka leopadi hau a me ka panther. Hōʻike nā hopena o ka hoʻokolohua genetic ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i kahi lālā ʻokoʻa ma kahi o hoʻokahi miliona mau makahiki i hala.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: leopadi hau holoholona
ʻO ka leopadi hau kahi holoholona o ka nani a me ka lokomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o hoʻokahi mākua he 1-1.4 mau mika. He huelo loloa ko nā holoholona, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ia mea ua like me ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Ka lōʻihi o ka huelo - 0.8-1 mika. He mea nui ka hiʻu. Hoʻohana nā holoholona iā ia e mālama i ke kaulike ma nā wahi mauna a hoʻomehana i ko lākou alo a me nā wāwae hope i ka hau a me ka hau. ʻO ka nui o hoʻokahi mākua he 30-50 kilokika.
ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. He wāwae wāwae nui ko ka poʻe Predators me nā pale poepoe e ana ana i ka 1 * 1 knm. Hāʻawi nā wāwae lōʻihi lōʻihi i ka neʻe wikiwiki i waena o nā piko mauna a me nā lele lele lokomaikaʻi. ʻAʻole lōʻihi nā lālā, akā mānoanoa a ikaika hoʻi nā wāwae. He mau māiʻu hoʻi i hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia. Mahalo i kēia, ʻaʻohe mākia māiʻu i waiho ʻia ma ka hau kahi o ka mōʻī lokomaikaʻi i hala ai.
He poʻo poepoe ko ka predator feline, akā he mau pepeiao triangular liʻiliʻi kona. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻike maka ʻole ʻia lākou i ko lākou mānoanoa, huluhulu lōʻihi. He maka, poepoe loa nā holoholona. He lōʻihi a lahilahi ka leopadi hau. Hiki i ko lākou lōʻihi ma luna o he 10 mau kenimika.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi. He lōʻihi lōʻihi a mānoanoa ka leopadi hau, kahi e hoʻomehana ai i nā aniau ʻino. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kapa komo i 50-60 kenimika.
Hinahina ka ʻāina o ke kolamu iwi kuamoʻo a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ke kino, kokoke i ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka ʻōpū, nā lālā o loko a me ka ʻōpū o lalo e māmā i ka leo. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kala ʻokoʻa e nā pōuliuli e like me ke apo, kokoke i nā apo ʻeleʻele. Ma loko o kēia mau apo he mau apo liʻiliʻi. Aia nā pōʻai liʻiliʻi loa ma ka wahi o ke poʻo. Ma ka liʻiliʻi, mai ke poʻo, ma ka ʻāʻī a me ke kino a i ka hiʻu, hoʻonui ka nui.
Aia nā apo nui loa i ka ʻāʻī a me nā lālā. Ma ke kua a me ka huelo, hui nā apo e hana i nā kahakaha transverse. ʻEleʻele mau ka piko o ka huelo. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka hulu hoʻoilo he hina uahi me kahi ʻalani. ʻAe kēia kala iā lākou e noho ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā pōhaku kiʻekiʻe a me nā hau hau. I ke kauwela, lilo ka māmā i māmā, kokoke keʻokeʻo.
Ma hea e noho ai ka leopadi hau?
Kiʻi: Snow Leopard ma Lūkia
Noho wale nā holoholona i nā wahi mauna. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe awelika o kona wahi noho mau he 3000 mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Eia nō naʻe, i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke piʻi maʻalahi i kahi kiʻekiʻe i ʻelua mau manawa o kēia kiʻi. Ma ka laulaha, maʻalahi ka nohona o ka leopadi hau. ʻO ka helu nui o nā holoholona i loko o nā ʻāina o ʻAkia Waena.
Nā ʻĀina ʻāina o ka leopadi hau:
- Monokolia;
- Apekanikana;
- Kaikikana;
- Usepekikana;
- Takisitana;
- Kina;
- Inia;
- Kasakana;
- Lukia.
I ko mākou ʻāina, ʻaʻole nui ka heluna o ka predator feline. Aia lākou ma Khakassia, Teritori Altai, Tyva, Teritori Krasnoyarsk. Noho ka holoholona ma nā kuahiwi e like me ka Himalayas, Pamirs, Kun-Lune, Sayan, Hindu Kush, ma nā kuahiwi o Tibet, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Eia kekahi, noho nā holoholona i nā wahi pale a pale ʻia. Hoʻopili kēia i nā panalāʻau o ka mākeke aupuni ʻo Altushinsky, Sayano - Shushensky.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, koho ka predator i ka ʻāina o nā pali pōhaku nui, nā kahawai hohonu a me nā kumu lāʻau ma ke ʻano he noho. Makemake ʻo Irbis i nā ʻāina me ka uhi haʻahaʻa o ka hau. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki ke iho i lalo i nā ululāʻau, akā hoʻolilo ka hapa nui o ka manawa ma nā ʻāina mauna. I kekahi mau āpana, noho nā leopadi hau ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i nā kaukani mau kilomita ma luna o ka ʻilikai. I nā wahi e like me ka pali ʻo Turkestan, noho ia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2.5 tausani mau mika, a ma ka Himalayas piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe he ʻeono a me ka hapa kaukani mika. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i ko lākou mau wahi e pili ana i nā wahi kahi e noho ai nā ungulate.
ʻO ka palena o ka ʻāina ʻo Rūsia ma mua o 2% o ka nohona holoʻokoʻa o nā mea ʻaihue. Noho kēlā me kēia kanaka makua i kahi panalāʻau kūikawā, ka mea i pāpā ʻia no nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
He aha ka ʻai a ka leopadi hau?
Kiʻi: Cat Snow Leopard
Ma ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ka leopadi hau he predator. Hānai wale ʻo ia i ka meaʻai o ka ʻiʻo kumu. Hiki iā ia ke alualu i nā manu ʻelua a me nā ungulate nunui.
He aha ka lako o ka meaʻai:
- Yaki;
- Hipa;
- ʻO Roe dia;
- Argali;
- Tapirs;
- Serau;
- Nā Boars;
- Dia musk;
- Marmots;
- ʻO Gophers;
- Hares;
- Kekliki;
- Huluhulu;
- Mākala;
- Kao mauna.
No hoʻokahi pāʻina, pono i kahi holoholona i 3-4 kilogram o kaʻiʻo e hoʻopiha piha iā ia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi. ʻAi wale ka leopadi hau i ka home. Ma hope o ka ʻimi kūleʻa, lawe ka leopadi i kāna mea pio i ka lua a ma laila wale nō e ʻai ai.
He hihi kū hoʻokahi ka irbis, a hiki iā ia ke pepehi i nā mea i hōʻeha ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa i ka huli hoʻokahi. I ke kauwela, hiki ke ʻai i nā hua a i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole, nā ʻōpuʻu ʻōpio. No ke alualu holomua, koho ka leopadi i ke kūlana kūpono loa no kahi hoʻohālua. Koho maʻamau i nā wahi kokoke i nā wailele kahi e hele ai nā holoholona e inu, a kokoke i nā ala. ʻO nā hoʻouka kaua me kahi lele ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka uila mai kahi hoʻohālua. ʻAʻohe o ka holoholona i lawe ʻia i hope e lilo i manawa no ka pane ʻana a lilo i waiwai pio na ka mea ʻaihue. Hoʻouka pinepine ka leopadi mai kahi mamao o kekahi mau ʻumi mau mika.
Hoʻouka kekahi holoholona o ka nui nui ma ka lele ʻana ma kona kua a nahu koke i ka ʻāʻī, hoʻāʻo e ʻai a haki paha i kona ʻāʻī. ʻO Irbis, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻohe ona hoʻokūkū. ʻAi ʻia i ka ʻiʻo hou, a waiho i nā mea āpau i ʻai ʻole ʻia i nā mea ʻaihue ʻē aʻe a manu paha.
I nā manawa wī, hiki iā ia ke iho mai nā kuahiwi a ʻimi i nā holoholona - hipa, hale, puaʻa, etc. ʻO nā manu, nā koʻokoʻo a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi kahi kumu o ka meaʻai ke loaʻa ka hemahema nui o nā holoholona nui aʻe ma ka ʻāina kahi e noho ai nā mea ʻānai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: puke ʻulaʻula Leopard Snow
Makemake ʻo Irbis i kahi nohona mehameha. Koho kēlā me kēia mākua i kahi nohona, kahi i pāpā ʻia no nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka laha. Inā komo kekahi poʻe o kēia ʻohana i ka nohona, me ka nānā ʻole i ka wahine, ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻike i ka huhū nui. ʻO ka wahi noho o kekahi kanaka mai 20 a 150 mau kilomika kūlike.
Kahi kēlā me kēia kanaka i kona panalāʻau me nā māka me kahi ʻaʻala kikoʻī, a me nā māka manamana ma nā kumulāʻau. I nā kūlana o ka noho ʻana i nā pāka aupuni, a i ʻole nā mea mālama, kahi e kaupalena ʻia ai nā holoholona, e hoʻāʻo lākou e mālama ma kahi o ʻelua mau kilomita mai kēlā me kēia. I nā hoʻokoe kākaʻikahi, aia nā leopadi hau i ka pālua.
Hoʻoikaika nui ia i ka pō. Hele ʻo ia i ka hopu holoholona i ka wanaʻao a i ka pō ʻana. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kekahi ala a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā neʻe o ka meaʻai ma kāna ala wale nō. Loaʻa i ke ala i nā wahi hoʻoinu a me nā wahi hānai ungulate. I ke kaʻina hana o ka lanakila ʻana i kāna alahele, ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele i ka manawa kūpono e hopu i nā meaʻai liʻiliʻi.
He mau palena ʻāina ko ka leopadi hau ma kēlā me kēia ala. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke kahawai, nā kahawai, nā kahawai, nā kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā pōhaku. ʻO ke ala o ke ala i koho ʻia mai hoʻokahi a i kekahi mau lā. I loko o kēia manawa manawa, lanakila ka mea ʻaihue mai ka ʻumi a i ke kanakolu mau kilomita.
I ka hoʻoilo, ke ulu ka mānoanoa o ka uhi o ka hau, koi ʻia ka mea ʻoka e hehi i kāna mau ala i hiki ai ke ʻimi. Hiki i kēia ke pāʻani i kahi hoʻomākeʻaka hoʻomāinoino me ia, ʻoiai nā alahele i ʻike ʻia i ka hau a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻole i kā lākou ala e maʻalahi ai lākou i ka poʻe lawaiʻa. Hiki i nā holoholona ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe a, mahalo i nā kapuaʻi lōʻihi, e lele i 10-15 mau mika ka lōʻihi.
Mea hoihoi: Irbis -ʻO kēia wale nō ka lālā o ka ʻohana feline, kahi ʻano ʻē ka ulu maʻamau ʻole. Hana pinepine lākou i nā leo huki. Heʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no nā wahine i ka wā o ka male. Me kēlā kani, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hele ʻana o ka nui o ka ea ma o nā puka ihu, hōʻike nā wahine i nā kāne i ko lākou wahi.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia kani e like me ke aloha e kekahi o kekahi. Hoʻohana ʻia nā helehelena a me ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana e like me ke kamaʻilio. I mea e hōʻike ai i ko lākou ikaika, hāmama nā holoholona i ko lākou waha ākea, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou mau ʻaoʻao lōʻihi. Inā kū i ka naʻau nā mea ʻaihue a me ke ʻano maluhia, hāmama iki lākou i ko lākou waha me ka hōʻike ʻole ʻana i nā ʻiʻo a me ka wili o ko lākou ihu.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻO Snow Leopard Cub
Mālama nā holoholona i ke ʻano o ka noho kaʻawale. ʻO nā kānaka o ka wahine ʻē aʻe e kamaʻilio wale me kekahi i ka wā o ka male. Hana ʻia ka male ʻana o nā wahine i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua. ʻO nā holoholona he monogamous maoli. Ke hoʻopaʻa pio a i ʻole i nā pāka aupuni a me nā wahi i pale ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke monogamous.
Pili ka manawa o ka male i ke kau. Hoʻomaka ia me ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo a mau a hiki i ke kau waena o ka puna. Hoʻohenehene nā wahine i nā kāne ma ke kani ʻana i kahi kani lōʻihi. Pane nā kāne i ke kāhea. Ke ʻike ʻia nā poʻe o nā kāne ʻokoʻa ma ka ʻāina like, hana ʻoi aku ka ikaika. Hāpai ʻo ia i kāna huelo me kahi paipu a hele a puni ke kāne. I ke kaʻina o ka moena, paʻa ke kāne i ka wahine i hoʻokahi kūlana, hopu i ka lauoho me kona mau niho i ka maloʻo. 95-115 mau lā ka hāpai ʻana o ka wahine. Hōʻike nā kime liʻiliʻi mai ka waenakonu o ka puna a hiki i ke kau waena. ʻO ka pinepine, hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke hoʻohua ma mua o ʻekolu mau keiki. I nā kūlana kūikawā, hiki ke hānau ʻia he ʻelima mau keiki. Haʻalele ka wahine e hānau i kāna pēpē i nā pali pōhaku.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi. Hana ka wahine i kahi ʻano lua i ke awawa, e uhi ana i kona lalo me ka hulu hipa mai kona ʻōpū mai.
ʻO ke kaupaona o kēlā me kēia keiki hānau he 250-550 gram. Hānau makapō nā pēpē, ma hope o 7-10 mau lā e hāmama ka maka. Haʻalele lākou i ka lua ma hope o ʻelua mau mahina. I ka hōʻea ʻana i 4 mau mahina o ko lākou makahiki, komo lākou i ka huli holoholona. ʻEono mau mahina, hānai kahi makuahine i kāna pēpē me ka waiū o ka makuahine. I ka hōʻea ʻana i ka makahiki o ʻelua mau mahina, hoʻomaka nā keiki keiki e hele a maʻa me ka meaʻai paʻa. Hiki i nā wahine ke oʻo moekolohe i ka makahiki o ʻekolu mau makahiki, kāne i ka makahiki ʻehā. I ka makahiki mua, mālama lākou i ka pili kokoke loa me ka makuahine.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā mea hōkai ʻo 13-15 mau makahiki i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hiki ke hoʻonui i ke ola i 27 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā leopadi hau
Kiʻi: Big Snow Leopard
Manaʻo ʻia ka leopadi hau he holoholona e kū ana ma ke poʻo loa o ka pyramid meaʻai a ʻaʻohe ona hoʻokūkū a ʻenemi hoʻi. I kekahi mau hihia, aia ka inaina interspecies, i ke kaʻina e make ai nā mākua, nā kānaka ikaika. ʻO nā feuds ma waena o nā leopadi hau a me nā leopadi he mea maʻamau. ʻO nā mākua, nā kānaka ikaika e hoʻoweliweli i nā leopadi hau ʻōpio a ʻōpio hoʻi.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻoweliweli nui loa e nā kānaka e luku nei i nā holoholona i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hulu waiwai. I nā ʻāina ʻĀsia, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea iwi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he koho no nā iwi tiger no ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Snow Leopard kittens
I kēia lā, aia kēia mea wīwī kupaianaha a lokomaikaʻi hoʻi ke kokoke i ka make loa. ʻO kēia kūlana o kēia ʻano holoholona ma muli o kekahi mau kumu kikoʻī.
Nā kumu o ka nalo ʻana o nā laha:
- ʻO kahi noho o kēlā me kēia hui o nā holoholona he mamao loa mai kekahi i kekahi;
- Lohi hoʻoulu lohi;
- Pau ka waihona o ka meaʻai - kahi hōʻemi o ka helu o nā artiodactyls;
- Poaching;
- Hoʻomoe lohi loa o ka wā ʻōpio.
Wahi a ka World Organization for the Protection of Animals i ka honua, aia mai 3 a 7,000 mau kānaka. Aia kekahi 1.5-2 tausani mau holoholona i nā zoo a me nā pāka aupuni. Wahi a nā helu helu paʻakikī, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā kānaka ma Rūsia e ka hapakolu o nā makahiki he 10 i hala. ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā laha i hoʻoulu ʻia hoʻi e ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ka helu o nā wahine makua wahine.
Ka pale ʻana o ka leopadi hau
Kiʻi: Snow Leopard mai ka Red Book
No ke kumu o ka pale ʻana, ʻo kēia ʻano holoholona o nā holoholona predatory i helu ʻia i loko o ka International Book, a ʻo ka Red Book o Russia hoʻi, kahi ʻano ʻaneʻane pau mua. Hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ka puke ʻulaʻula o Mongolia i ka makahiki 1997 a hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlana o "species rare loa". I kēia lā, i mea e mālama a hoʻonui ai i ka helu o kēia mau mea ʻino kupaianaha, hana ʻia nā pāka aupuni a me nā wahi pale i kahi e hoʻohua ai nā holoholona.
I ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka holoholona i ka IUCN Red List ma lalo o ka mahele pale kiʻekiʻe loa. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua helu ʻia ka leopadi hau i ka papa mua o ka Convention ma International Trade ma nā ʻano ʻano holoholona o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu.I nā ʻāina āpau kahi e noho ai ka holoholona, ke ʻāpono a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o kahi kāne uʻi ke kūlana mana, ma ka pae kau kānāwai. ʻO ka hana hewa i kēia koi ka mea i hewa.
Leopadi hau he holoholona pohihihi a lokomaikaʻi loa hoʻi. He hōʻailona ia o ka nui, ka mana a me ka makaʻu ʻole o nā ʻāina he nui. He mea ʻole iā ia ke hoʻouka i ke kanaka. Hiki i kēia ke hana i nā hoʻokoe kākaʻikahi.
Lā paʻi: 04.03.2019
Lā hou: 15.09.2019 ma 18:52
