ʻO Springbok - kahi antelope e noho nei i ʻApelika, he sprinter maoli ʻo ia a he jumper nui. I ka Lākina, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa ʻo Antidorcas marsupialis i kēia hopena e ka mea kūlohelohe Kelemania ʻo Eberhard von Zimmermann. I ka manawa mua, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka ʻāpau-puʻupuʻu i ke ʻano o nā antelope o nā pepeiaohao. Ma hope, i ka 1847, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Carl Sundewald i ka māmela i kahi ʻano kaʻawale me ka inoa like.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Springbok
Ua loaʻa kēia inoa i kēia mau bovids ma muli o ko lākou hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona: lele kiʻekiʻe loa lākou, a ʻo ke kao lele i Kelemania a me Hōlani kani e like me ka springbok. ʻO ka inoa Lākina o ka genus e hoʻokūkū nei ʻaʻole pili ia i nā gazela, ʻo ia hoʻi, anti a "non-gazelle".
ʻO ka inoa kikoʻī - marsupialis, i unuhi ʻia mai ka Lākina mai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻeke. I kēia ruminant, aia kahi pale o ka ʻili mai ka hiʻu i waenakonu o ke kua, i paʻa a ʻike ʻole ʻia i kahi kūlana mālie. I ka wā o nā lele i luna, wehe ʻo ia, e hōʻike ana i ka hulu keʻokeʻo hau.
ʻO kahi holoholona no ka subfamily o nā antelope maoli he ʻekolu mau ʻāpana:
- ʻApelika Hema;
- kalahari;
- Angolan.
ʻO nā ʻohana pili loa o nā springboks he gazelles, gerenuki, a i ʻole nā gazela giraffe, nā gazelles me nā saigas, nā mea āpau āpau i ka ʻohana like. ʻO nā lā hou o kēia mau antelope i ulu mai Antidorcas recki i ka Pleistocene. Ma mua, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nohona o kēia mau ruminants i nā ʻĀkau o ka ʻĀpana ʻApelika. Loaʻa nā koena fosil kahiko loa i ka Pliocene. Aia he ʻelua mau ʻano hou aʻe o kēia genus o artiodactyls, i lilo i ʻehiku tausani makahiki i hala. ʻO nā mea i ʻike mua ʻia ma ʻApelika Hema i ka manawa o 100 tausani mau makahiki BC.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Springbok holoholona
ʻO kahi nūnū lohi me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe he 1.5-2 ka lōʻihi o ke kino. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo a me ka ʻūlū ua aneane like a me nā pae mai 70 a 90 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona i nā wahine ma ka awelika 37.5 kg, i nā kāne - 40 kg. ʻO ka nui o ka huelo mai ka 14-28 cm, aia kahi liʻiliʻi ʻeleʻele tuft ma ka hopena. Pili ka lauoho pokole i ke kino. Loaʻa i nā kāne o nā kāne ʻelua nā pepeiaohao ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele (35-50 cm). Hoʻohālike lākou i kahi lira i ke ʻano, pololei nā kumu, a ma luna e kūlou lākou i hope. I ke kumu, ko lākou anawaena he 70-83 mm o. ʻO nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi (15-19 cm), e noho ana ma waena o nā pepeiaohao, kuhikuhi ʻia i luna. Hoʻolāʻihi ʻia ka waha, ʻaʻano triangular i kona ʻano. ʻO nā kukuna ʻololī waena he wī ʻoi, ua wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ākea.
Ka ʻāʻī, kua, hapa waho o nā wāwae hope - ʻeleʻele māmā. ʻO ka ʻōpū, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao, ke aniani, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā wāwae, keʻokeʻo ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ka ʻāʻī. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, ākea, e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka brown mai ke keʻokeʻo, aia kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele eleele. Aia kekahi kiko ʻeleʻele ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka mole keʻokeʻo, ma waena o nā pepeiao. E iho mai kahi ʻōuli pouli mai nā maka a ka waha.
Aia pū kekahi e hānai ʻia, ma ke koho ʻana, nā holoholona o ke kala ʻeleʻele me kahi aniani kokoleka kokoleka a me kahi kiko keʻokeʻo ma ka maka, a me keʻokeʻo hoʻi, kahi i keʻokeʻo ʻulaʻula i nā ʻaoʻao. ʻOkoʻa ʻokoʻa nā subspecies i ke kala.
ʻO ka South Africa kahi kala chestnut lahilahi me nā kaha ʻeleʻele i nā ʻaoʻao a ʻo nā kaha māmā ma ka waha. ʻO Kalaharian - he kala ʻōleʻele kona, me ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele i nā ʻaoʻao. Ma ka pūhaka he mau kaha ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele lahilahi. ʻO nā lālā Angolan he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele. Ma ka waha, aia nā kaha ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ākea ma mua o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka waha.
Ma hea e noho ai ʻo springbok?
Kiʻi: Springbok Antelope
Ma mua, ua uhi ka ʻāpana o kēia antelope i ka waena a me ke komohana o ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻApelika, e komo ana i ke komohana hema o Angola, ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa ma Lesotho komohana. Loaʻa ka ungulate ma loko o kēia pae, akā ma Angola ua liʻiliʻi ia. Loaʻa ʻo Ruminant ma nā wahi maloʻo ma ka hema a ma ke komohana hema o ka ʻāina. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Springbok i nā helu he nui ma ka wao akua ʻo Kalahari a hiki i Namibia, Botswana. Ma Botswana, i hoʻohui ʻia i ka Wao Kalahari Desert, loaʻa nā māmela ma nā wahi waena a me komohana hema. Mahalo i nā pāka aupuni a me nā mālama ʻana, ua ola kēia holoholona ma ʻApelika Hema.
Loaʻa ia i ka panalāʻau o KwaZulu-Natal, ma ka ʻākau o Bushveld, a ma nā pāka ʻāina like ʻole a me nā wahi holoholona holoholona pilikino.
- Kgalagadi ma ka ʻĀkau ʻĀkau;
- Sanbona;
- ʻO ʻAkila kokoke i Cape Town;
- Addo Elephant kokoke iā Port Elizabeth;
- Pilanesberg.
ʻO nā wahi maʻamau no ka springbok he mauʻu maloʻo, nā ulu lāʻau, nā sabana a me nā wao akua me ka uhi mauʻu haʻahaʻa, nā mea kanu ulu ʻole. ʻAʻole lākou e komo i nā wao nahele, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi e pili ana iā lākou. Ma nā ululāʻau nui e peʻe ai lākou mai ka makani wale nō i ke kau anuanu. Hōʻalo lākou i nā wahi me ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a lāʻau paha.
He aha ka ʻai a springbok?
Kiʻi: Springbok
ʻOi iki ka papaʻai o nā ruminants a me nā mea kanu, nā palaoa, wormwood a me nā mea kanu. ʻO ka mea nui a lākou e aloha ai i nā laʻalāʻau, ʻai lākou i kā lākou mau wana, nā lau, nā ʻōpuʻu, nā pua a me nā hua, ke kaukaʻi ʻia. ʻO ka manamana puaʻa - kahi kanu semi-wao nahele e waiho ana i kahi pilikia no ka mahiʻai, he aʻa lōʻihi loa ma lalo o ka honua a hiki ke hanau hou i nā ʻōpala. Hana ka puaʻa i kahi mahele nui o nā mea kanu lau nahele i ka papaʻai o nā springboks, me ka cereal tymeda ʻekolu mau lālā.
Ua loli kūpono ka ungulate i ke ola i nā wahi maloʻo o ke komohana hema o ʻApelika. I ka manawa e piha ai nā mea kanu i ka wai momona, i ka wā ua, ʻaʻole pono lākou e inu, ke ʻai nei lākou i nā mauʻu momona. I nā wā maloʻo, i ka wā e pau ai ka uhi o ka mauʻu, hoʻololi nā antelope i ka ʻai ʻana i nā wana a me nā ʻōpuʻu o nā kumulāʻau. Ke liʻiliʻi loa ka meaʻai, a laila hiki iā lākou ke nānā no nā pua lalo momona hou, nā aʻa a me nā tubers o nā mea kanu.
Video: Springbok
ʻAʻole kipa paha kēia mau ruminants i nā wahi hoʻoinu no kahi manawa lōʻihi, akā inā aia kahi kumu wai ma kahi kokoke, a laila hoʻohana nā bovids iā lākou i kēlā me kēia manawa ke loaʻa. I nā kau, ke pau ka ahi i ka wela i ka lā wela, ʻimi lākou i ka wai a inu no ka manawa lōʻihi. I nā kau maloʻo, hānai nā mea māmele i ka pō, no laila ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike wai: i ka pō ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻike o ka kohu i nā mea kanu.
I ke kenekulia 19, i ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana, i ka neʻe ʻana o nā bovids i ka nui lehulehu, hiki lākou i ke kahakai o ka moana, hāʻule i ka wai, inu a make a make. ʻO ko lākou wahi i lawe koke ʻia e kekahi mau kānaka ʻē aʻe, a ʻo kahi hopena he pa nui o nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona pōʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahakai no kanalima mau kilomita.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Springbok holoholona
ʻOi aku ka hana o ka Ruminants i ka wanaʻao a me ke ahiahi, akā ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka hana e pili ana i nā ʻano anilā. I ka wela, hiki ke ʻai i ka pō, a i nā mahina anuanu, i ke ao. No ka hoʻomaha, noho nā holoholona i ka malu, ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau, ke anuanu, hoʻomaha lākou i ka lewa ākea. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka māmele he 4.2 mau makahiki.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā Springboks ma mua e ka neʻe ʻana i nā kau nui, kapa ʻia lākou ʻo trekkboken. I kēia manawa ʻaʻole nui ka neʻe ʻana, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma Botswana. ʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā antelope e ʻae iā lākou e ʻoluʻolu me ka lako o ka meaʻai i kahi. Ma mua, ke nānā mau ʻia kēlā neʻe ʻana, hana ʻia kēlā me kēia mau makahiki he ʻumi.
ʻOi aku ka makaʻala a me ka makaʻala o kēlā me kēia poʻe e ʻai ana ma nā lihi o ka pā. Hoemi kēia waiwai i ka likelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka hui. Ma kahi kokoke i ka nahele a i ʻole nā ala, hoʻonui ka makaʻala. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka noʻonoʻo o nā kāne makua ma mua o nā wahine a ʻōpio paha. Ma ke ʻano he mea aloha, hana nā ungulate i nā leo haʻahaʻa o ka pū a me ka ʻūʻū ʻana inā pilikia ka pū waikaua.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona a ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia mau ungulate ka lele lele kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i nā antelope he nui ke lele maikaʻi a kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻiliʻili ʻo Springbok i kāna mau lou i hoʻokahi manawa, kūlou ke poʻo i lalo a hoʻopaʻa i kona kua, lele i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ʻelua mau mika. I loko o kēia maneuver, wehe ka pelu ma kona kua, i kēia manawa ʻike ʻia ka hulu keʻokeʻo o loko.
ʻIke ʻia ka lele ʻana mai kahi mamao aku, like ia me kahi hōʻailona o ka weliweli i kēlā me kēia mea a puni. Ma ia mau hana, hiki i ka ruminant ke huikau i ka predator e moe ana no ke pio. Lele ka ungulate i ka makaʻu a ʻike ʻole paha i kahi mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia. I kēia manawa, hiki i ka pūʻā holoʻokoʻa ke holo wikiwiki i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 88 km / h.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Springbok Antelope
ʻO nā Springboks he mau māmela hōʻuluʻulu nui. I ke kau inā ʻaʻohe ua, neʻe lākou i nā hui liʻiliʻi (mai ʻelima a i mau kakini mau kānaka). Hoʻokumu kēia mau hui i nā holoholona i ka wā ua. I loko o ia mau kaiāulu, a hoʻokahi a me ka hapa kaukani poʻo, neʻe nā holoholona, e ʻimi ana i nā wahi me nā mea kanu momona.
I ka 1896, ua hele ka nui o nā springboks i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i kahi kolamu mānoanoa, ʻo ka laulā o 25 km a me ka lōʻihi o 220 km. Noho ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne, kiaʻi i kā lākou pūnaewele, ka awelika o lākou ma kahi o 200 tausani m2. Kaha lākou i ko lākou panalāʻau me ka mimi a me nā ahu o ka manure. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wahine i kēia wahi i ka harem. Pale aku kā lākou kāne mai ke komo hewa ʻana o nā hoa paio. ʻO ka harem, ma ke ʻano he rula, he ʻumikūmālua mau wahine wahine.
Mālama ʻia nā kāne makua ʻole i nā hui liʻiliʻi he 50 poʻo. Hiki ke oʻo i loko o lākou i ʻelua mau makahiki, i nā wahine ma mua - i ʻeono mau makahiki o ka makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka wā Rutting a me ka male ʻana ma ka hopena o ke kau ua mai ka mua o Pepeluali a i ka hopena o Mei. Ke hōʻike ke kāne i kona ikaika, lele ʻo ia i luna me kahi kua i hope i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu. I kēia hihia, wehe ka pelu ma ke kua, ma luna ona nā aʻa o nā gland me kahi huna kūikawā e hoʻopuka ai i kahi ʻala ikaika. I kēia manawa, aia nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kaua - nā pepeiaohao. Alualu ka mea lanakila i ka wahine; inā ma ke ʻano o ka alualu ʻana, komo kahi kāne i ka ʻāina o kahi kāne ʻē aʻe, a laila pau ka alualu ʻana, koho ka wahine i ka mea nona ka pūnaewele i hoa nona.
He 25 mau pule ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana. ʻO ka wā calving mai ʻAukake a Kekemapa, me kona piko i Nowemapa. Hoʻohui like nā holoholona i ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki me ke alapine o ka ua: i ka wā ua, nui ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo no ka meaʻai. Hoʻokahi o nā keiki, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā keiki bipi ʻelua. Piʻi nā pēpē i ko lākou mau wāwae i ka lā aʻe a i ʻole ke kolu o ka lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ka mea mua, peʻe lākou i kahi malu, i loko o kahi laʻalāʻau, ʻoiai e hānai ana ka makuahine ma kahi mamao mai ka bipi keiki, kūpono wale no ka hānai ʻana. E emi mālie kēia mau wā, a ma 3-4 mau pule e ʻai mau ana ka pēpē a kokoke i ka makuahine.
ʻO ka hānai ʻana i ka ʻōpio a ʻeono mahina. Ma hope o kēlā, noho nā wahine ʻōpio me ko lākou makuahine a hiki i ka hānau hou ʻana, a ʻākoakoa ʻokoʻa nā kāne i nā hui liʻiliʻi. I nā wā maloʻo, huddle nā wahine me nā pēpē i nā pā bipi a hiki i hoʻokahi haneli mau poʻo.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o springboks
Kiʻi: Springbok ma ʻApelika
I ka wā ma mua, i ka wā nui loa o nā holoholona o nā holoholona ʻāpana, ʻaʻole hoʻouka pinepine nā mea ʻino i kēia mau bovids, ʻoiai mai ka makaʻu e holo wikiwiki lākou a hiki ke hehi i nā mea ola āpau i ko lākou ala. Ma ke ʻano he rula, hopu ka ʻenemi o ka poʻe ruminants i nā hui hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā mea maʻi, akā pinepine ka poʻe ʻōpio a ʻōpio. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka Springboks e neʻe ana i loko o nā ululāʻau i nā hoʻouka kaua ʻana e nā mea ʻino, no ka mea he paʻakikī ia e pale aku, a ke kali pinepine nei nā ʻenemi iā lākou ma laila.
ʻO ka weliweli no kēia mau ruminants:
- liona;
- ʻīlio ʻĀlika hihiu;
- ʻīlio laka-ʻeleʻele;
- leopadi;
- Poki hihiu ʻApelika Hema;
- cheetah;
- hyena;
- kalaka.
Mai nā springboks hulu, ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā ʻaeto i hoʻouka kaua, hiki iā lākou ke lālau i nā keiki. ʻO nā kalaka kekahi, nā ʻīlio hihiu a me nā pōpoki, nā ʻīlio hae, a me nā hyena e ʻimi no nā pēpē ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau mea hoʻomake ke hopu i nā lele wāwae wāwae lōʻihi a wikiwiki hoʻi. Nānā ʻia nā holoholona maʻi a nāwaliwali paha e nā liona. Ke hoʻohālua nei nā Leopadi a hoʻohālua i kā lākou mea pio. Cheetahs, hiki ke hoʻokūkū i ka wikiwiki me kēia artiodactyls, hoʻonohonoho i nā alualu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Springbok
Ua emi nui ka heluna kanaka i loko o ke kenekulia i hala, a ua nalowale mai nā ʻāpana he nui o ʻApelika Hema ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana o kānaka a ma hope o ka maʻi ahulau o ruminant. Huli ʻia nā Springboks, no ka mea, ʻo ka ʻiʻo o nā antelope, makemake nui ʻia ko lākou ʻili a me nā pepeiaohao. Noho ka hapa nui o nā kānaka i nā pāka aupuni a me nā wahi pale pilikino ma o ka pae kūlohelohe mua. Hānai ʻia lākou ma nā mahiʻai me nā hipa. ʻO ke koi mau no ka ʻiʻo a me nā ʻili o kēia mau ungulate e hoʻonāukiuki i ka lehulehu kūloko e hoʻohua iā lākou i ka pio.
I kekahi mau wahi o Namibia a me ka Kalahari, ʻike manuahi nā springboks, akā palena ʻia ka neʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho manuahi ʻana e ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pale. Ua pau lākou i ka loaʻa ma ka savannah nahele ma muli o ke kū ʻana o nā ticks, e hāpai ana i kahi maʻi, me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻia o ka wai a puni ka puʻuwai. ʻAʻohe o nā Ungulate e kūʻē i kēia maʻi.
Loaʻa ka ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana.
- Aia ʻo ʻApelika Hema i ʻApelika Hema, ma ka hema o ka muliwai. Alani. Aia ma kahi o 1.1 miliona mau poʻo ma aneʻi, kahi o kahi miliona e noho nei i ka Karu;
- Ua pālahalaha ʻo Kalakhara ma ka ʻākau o ka muliwai. ʻO Orange, ma ka panalāʻau o ʻApelika Hema (150 tausani mau kānaka), Botswana (100 tausani), Namibia hema (730 tausani);
- Noho ʻo Angolan ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Namibia (helu ʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia), ma ka hema o Angola (10 tausani kope).
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia 1,400,000-1750,000 kope o kēia bovine. ʻAʻole manaʻo ka IUCN i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻia o ka lehulehu, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻoweliweli i ke ola lōʻihi o kēia laha. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka holoholona ma ke ʻano he LC ʻemi loa. ʻAe ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana a me ke kālepa ʻana ma ka springbok. ʻO kāna ʻiʻo, nā pepeiaohao, nā ʻili, nā ʻili i koi ʻia, a he mea makemake ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona taxidermy. ʻO kēia māmala kahi mea kanu waiwai pio i ka hema o ʻApelika. Ma muli o kona ʻono maikaʻi loa, ʻo kaʻiʻo kahi waiwai paʻa i mea hoʻolilo.
Mamua springbok luku wale ʻia, e like me ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana ua hehi a ʻai ʻia nā mea kanu. Ke hana nei nā luna o nā ʻāina ma ke kūkulu hema o ʻApelika i nā hana like ʻole e hoʻonui i nā pāka aupuni a mālama i kēia ʻano ungulate i ka nahelehele.
Lā paʻi: 11.02.2019
Lā hou: 16.09.2019 ma 15:21
