Otter - kahi mākaʻikaʻi mustachioed o ka ʻohana weasel. ʻAʻole kēia he holoholona fluffy a nani wale hoʻi, akā ʻo kahi ʻauʻau kupaianaha luhi ʻole hoʻi, luʻu, ʻaihue akamai, a he koa maoli, mākaukau e hakakā me ka naʻaupō. ʻO ka wai ka mea o ka otter, he hekili ia o nā iʻa, nā crustacea a me nā kūpeʻe. I loko o ka pūnaewele, makemake nui ʻia ka otter, ʻaʻole wehewehe ʻia kēia e kona helehelena maikaʻi wale nō, akā, me kona ʻano pīhoihoi, pāʻani.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Otter
ʻO ka otter kahi māmela karnivorous mai ka ʻohana marten. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia he 12 mau ʻano like ʻole i ke ʻano o nā otters, ʻoiai i ʻike ʻia ka 13. ʻO nā ʻano Kepani o kēia mau holoholona hoihoi ua nalowale loa mai kā mākou honua honua.
Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano, akā ʻo nā mea kaulana loa o lākou:
- muliwai kahawai (maʻamau);
- Otter Palakila (pilikua);
- ʻau kai (sea otter);
- Sumatran otter;
- ʻAtekania ʻōpio (clawless).
Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia ka muliwai otter, e hoʻomaopopo mākou i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona ma hope, akā e aʻo mākou i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻano i hōʻike ʻia ma luna. Ua noho kahi otter nunui ma ka ipu Amazon, aloha wale ʻo ia i nā tropic. Me ka huelo, ua like kona nui me ʻelua mau mika, a he 20 kg ke kaumaha o kēlā predator. He mana kona, ʻōniʻoniʻo, huluhulu ʻeleʻele. Ma muli ona, ua emi nui ka nui o nā otters.
Kāhea ʻia ke kai, a i ʻole nā ʻāʻī o ke kai. Noho ke kai otters ma Kamchatka, ʻAmelika ʻAkau, a me nā ʻAle ʻAlekan. Nui loa lākou, hiki ke kaumaha o nā kāne i 35 kg. Akamai a mākaukau loa kēia mau holoholona. Hoʻokomo lākou i ka meaʻai i loaʻa i loko o kahi ʻeke kūikawā ma lalo o ka ʻaoʻao hema hema. No ka ʻahaʻaina ʻana ma nā mollusc, hoʻokaʻawale lākou i ko lākou pūpū me nā pōhaku. Malalo o ka pale ʻia nā otters kai, kēia manawa ua hoʻonui iki ʻia kā lākou helu, akā ʻo ka ʻimi holoholona no lākou e kapu loa.
Video: ʻO Otter
Noho ʻo Sumatran otter ma ka hikina hema o ʻAsia. Noho ʻo ia i nā ulu lāʻau mango, marshlands, ma nā kapa o nā kahawai kuahiwi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia otter ʻo kona ihu, he fluffy ia e like me ke koena o kona kino. Inā ʻole, like ia me he otter maʻamau. ʻO ke ana waena he awelika. ʻO ke kaumaha ma kahi o 7 kg, dina - ma mua o hoʻokahi mika.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: noho ka ʻĀtia Asia ma Indonesia a me Indochina. Makemake ʻo ia e loaʻa i loko o nā māla wai i hoʻopiha ʻia e ka wai. ʻOkoʻa ia mai nā ʻano compactness ʻē aʻe. Piʻi ia i 45 cm wale nō ka lōʻihi.
Hana maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā māiʻuʻu ma kona mau wāwae, liʻiliʻi loa a ʻaʻole hoʻomohala ʻia nā membrane. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻano lope ʻokoʻa kaukaʻi i ka nohona a lākou e noho nei. ʻOiai kekahi mau ʻokoʻa, akā naʻe, he like like ko nā otters āpau ma nā ʻano he nui, a mākou e noʻonoʻo ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka muliwai otter ma ke ʻano he laʻana.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: ʻAilona holoholona
ʻO ke kino o ka muliwai otter elongated a loaʻa kahi ʻano kahawai. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka huelo mai ka hapalua mika a i ka mika. ʻO ka huelo ponoʻī mai 25 a 50 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona kaumaha he 6 - 13 kg. ʻO ka mea ʻoluʻolu cutie otter kahi pālahalaha ākea, ākea, a me ka ʻumiʻumi no ka ʻumiʻumi. Liʻiliʻi a poepoe nā pepeiao a me nā maka. ʻO nā wāwae o ka otter, e like me nā mea ʻauʻau hanohano, he mana, pōkole a lōʻihi nā māiʻuʻu a me nā membrane. Lōʻihi ka huelo, uhi ʻia. Pono kēia mau mea āpau nona e ʻauʻau. He lokomaikaʻi a maʻalahi hoʻi ka predator.
ʻO ka hulu o ka otter he nani ia, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻeha mau ai ka poʻe hahai holoholona. He ʻeleʻele ke kala o ke kua, a ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū a he ʻāpana hinahina ʻāhinahina. Ma luna aʻe, he coarser ka huluhulu huluhulu, a ma lalo o laila he palupalu, paʻa paʻa a mehana o ka lole komo i komo ʻole ka wai i loko o ke kino o ka otter, hoʻomehana mau iā ia. Maʻemaʻe a maʻalahi hoʻi nā Otters, mālama mau lākou i ke ʻano o ko lākou kapa huluhulu, hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui iā ia i palupalu a palupalu hoʻi ka hulu, ʻae kēia iā ʻoe ʻaʻole e paʻa i ke anuanu, no ka mea ʻaʻohe momona o nā otter muscular i ko lākou mau kino. Lele lākou i ka wā kauwela a me ke kauwela.
ʻO nā wahine a me nā kāne i nā otters he like loa, ʻo kā lākou nui ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kāne ma mua o ka wahine. Me ka maka ʻōlohelohe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo koke i mua ou - he kāne a wahine paha? ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o kēia mau holoholona ke kū o nā valves kūikawā i nā pepeiao a i ka ihu, kahi e ālai ai i ke komo ʻana o ka wai ke luʻu. Maikaʻi loa ka maka o ka otter, ʻoiai ma lalo o ka wai e nānā pono ia. Ma ka laulaha, manaʻo nui kēia mau mea ʻino, ma ka wai a ma ka ʻāina.
Ma hea e noho ai ka otter?
Kiʻi: muliwai otter
Hiki ke loaʻa ka otter ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma waho o Australia. He holoholona semi-wai lākou, no laila hāʻawi lākou i kā lākou makemake i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma kahi kokoke i nā loko, nā kahawai, nā kahawai. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā kino wai, akā noho mau ʻole kahi ʻano - ʻo kēia ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai a me kona kahe. ʻAʻole e noho ka otter i ka wai lepo. I ko mākou ʻāina, aia ka otter ma nā wahi āpau, ke ola nei ia ma Far North, Chukotka.
ʻO ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e ka otter hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i mau mile (a i 20). ʻO nā wahi liʻiliʻi loa ma nā kahawai a uhi ma kahi o ʻelua mau kilomita. Aia nā wahi ākea e kokoke ana i nā kahawai kuahiwi. I nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o lākou ma mua o nā wahine, a ʻike pinepine ʻia ko lākou kuʻina.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: he mau hale ko ka otter like ma kāna ʻāina kahi e hoʻolilo ai i ka manawa. ʻAʻole kūkulu kēia mau mea ʻaihue i ko lākou mau home. Noho ʻo Otters i nā kaha like ʻole ma waena o nā pōhaku, ma lalo o nā rhizome o nā mea kanu ma ka waihona.
Loaʻa i kēia mau wahi pale i nā puka palekana he nui. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana pinepine nā otters i nā hale i waiho ʻia e nā beaver, kahi e noho maluhia ai lākou. Akamai loa ka otter a noho mau i kahi mālama. E hiki mai ana ia i ka manawa kūpono inā aia kona puʻuhonua nui i ka wahi i hoʻopiha ʻia.
He aha ka ʻai o ka otter?
Kiʻi: ʻO Otter liʻiliʻi
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai no ka otter, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he iʻa. Aloha kēia mau mea ʻaihue mustachioed i nā mollusks, nā ʻano crustacea āpau. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā Otters i nā hua manu, nā manu liʻiliʻi, alualu pū lākou i nā ʻiole liʻiliʻi. ʻOiai ʻo muskrat a me beverver otter e ʻoliʻoli me ka hauʻoli inā laki ʻo ia e hopu iā lākou. Hiki i ka otter ke ʻai i ka moa wai, ʻeha mau.
Hoʻohana ʻia kahi wā nui o ke ola e ka otter i mea e loaʻa ai nā meaʻai nāna. He holoholona ʻimi ʻoluʻolu ʻole ʻo ia, ka mea i loko o ka wai hiki ke alualu wikiwiki i kāna mea pio, e lanakila ana a i 300 m. Ke luʻu ʻana, hiki i ka otter ke hana me ka ʻole o ka ea no 2 mau minuke. Ke piha ka otter, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau i kāna ʻimi holoholona, a me nā iʻa i hopu ʻia e pāʻani wale nō ia a leʻaleʻa.
I ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa, waiwai nui ka hana o ka otters, no ka mea ʻai lākou i ka iʻa kūʻai ʻole no ka meaʻai, hiki ke ʻai i nā hua a me nā ʻai o nā iʻa kalepa. Pau ka otter ma kahi o ke kilo o ka iʻa i kēlā me kēia lā. He mea hoihoi ʻo ia e ʻai pono i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi i loko o ka wai, kau i luna o kona ʻōpū, e like me ka pākaukau, a huki i ka iʻa nui i kahakai, kahi e ʻai ai me ka leʻaleʻa.
ʻOiai maʻemaʻe loa kēia ipo iʻa mustachioed, ma hope o kahi meaʻai māmā, lele ʻo ia i ka wai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kona hulu mai nā koena iʻa. Ke pau ka hoʻoilo, he maʻa mau ka lewa ma waena o ka hau a me ka wai, a hoʻohana ka otter iā ia, neʻe maikaʻi ma lalo o ka hau a nānā i kahi iʻa no ka ʻaina awakea.
He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia hiki ke lili maʻalahi ʻia ka metabolism o nā otters. Kūleʻa ʻole ʻo ia i ka digestion a me ka assimilation o nā meaʻai i ʻai ʻia me ka wikiwiki, ʻo ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa he hoʻokahi hola wale nō. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka nui o ka ikaika o ka holoholona, e ʻimi no ka manawa lōʻihi a hoʻolilo iā ia i ka wai anuanu (pinepine ka hau), kahi e noho ʻole ai ka wela i ke kino o ka holoholona no ka manawa lōʻihi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Otter
ʻO ka nohona semi-aquatic o ka otter i hoʻohālikelike i kona ola a me kāna ʻano. Mālama nui a mālama pono ka otter. Kupaianaha ʻo ia i ka lohe, pilau a me ka maka maka maikaʻi loa. Noho kēlā me kēia ʻano otter i kona ʻano ponoʻī. ʻOi aku ka makemake o ka otter kahawai maʻamau i kahi ala kaʻawale o ke ola, makemake nui kēlā mea ʻimi manuahi i ka noho kaʻawale, ka noho ʻana i kona panalāʻau, kahi e hoʻokele maikaʻi ai.
ʻEleu a pāʻani hoʻi kēia mau holoholona, ʻauʻau mau lākou, hiki iā lākou ke hele lōʻihi i ka wāwae, ʻimi pū lākou ma ke ala lawe lima. ʻOiai ʻo kāna akahele, he ʻano leʻaleʻa ko ka otter, nona ka wela a me ka charisma. I ke kauwela, ma hope o ka ʻauʻau ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou aʻa e hoʻomehana i ko lākou mau iwi i ka lā, e hopu ana i nā kahawai o nā kukuna mehana. A i ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole lākou he malihini i ka leʻaleʻa o nā keiki e like me ka heʻe ʻana i ka mauna. Makemake nā Otters e huhū i kēia ala, e waiho ana i kahi ala lōʻihi ma ka pae hau.
Ke waiho nei ia mai ko lākou ʻōpū, a lākou e hoʻohana ai ma ke ʻano he hau. Holo lākou mai nā pali kū i ke kauwela, ma hope o nā maneuvers leʻaleʻa a pau, e lele nui i loko o ka wai. ʻOiai e holo ana ma ia mau holo, ʻūlū nā otters a ʻākoʻaka pū kekahi. Aia kekahi manaʻo e hana lākou i kēia ʻaʻole wale no ka leʻaleʻa, akā no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻi i ko lākou kapa huluhulu. ʻO ka nui o ka iʻa, ka wai maʻemaʻe a kahe, nā wahi mehameha hiki ʻole ke hele ʻia - ʻo kēia ka hōʻoia o kahi nohona hauʻoli no kēlā me kēia otter.
Inā lawa ka meaʻai i ka ʻāina i koho ʻia o ka otter, a laila hiki ke noho kūleʻa ma laila no kahi manawa lōʻihi. Makemake ka holoholona e neʻe ma nā ala like. ʻAʻole paʻa paʻa ka otter i kahi kikoʻī o kāna hoʻouka ʻana. Inā lilo ka lako o ka meaʻai i mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, a laila hele ka holoholona i kahi huakaʻi e ʻike i kahi kūpono kūpono nona iho, kahi e pilikia ʻole ai ka meaʻai. No laila, hiki i ka otter ke huakaʻi i nā wahi mamao. ʻOiai ma luna o kahi hau hau a me ka hau hohonu, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i 18 - 20 km i kēlā me kēia lā.
Pono e hoʻohui ʻia e hele mau ka ʻono i ka hopu holoholona i ka pō, akā ʻaʻole mau. Inā palekana ka manaʻo o ka otter, ʻaʻole ʻike i nā mea hoʻoweliweli, a laila ʻeleu a ikaika hoʻi kokoke i ka uaki - he puʻuwai a mustachioed kēia, he kumu pau ʻole o ka ikaika a me ka ikaika.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻAilona holoholona
ʻO ka launa a me ka kamaʻilio ʻana o nā ʻano otters he mau ʻano ponoʻī a me nā ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā otters kai, no ka laʻana, noho i nā hui kahi e loaʻa ai nā kāne a me nā wahine. A ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka Kanada otter e hana i nā hui kāne kāne wale nō, nā ʻāpana laepua holoʻokoʻa, mai 10 a 12 mau holoholona.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻa: ʻo nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka muliwai. Noho nā wahine, me kā lākou mau pua, i ka ʻāina like, akā hoʻāʻo kēlā me kēia wahine e hoʻokaʻawale i kāna wahi kaʻawale. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kāne, aia nā wahi o kahi ākea nui aku, kahi e noho ai ʻo ia me ka mehameha piha a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau male ʻana.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pālua no kahi wā pōkole o ka moʻa ʻana, a laila hoʻi ke kāne i kona ola manuahi maʻamau, ʻaʻohe kuleana o ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me kāna mau keiki. Hana ʻia ka wā hānau i ka wā puna a me ke kauwela kau. Hoʻokolokolo nā kāne i ka mākaukau o ka wahine e hoʻokokoke, e like me kāna mau kikoʻī hohono i koe. Mākaukau ke kino o nā otters e hānau hou e ʻelua (i nā wahine), ʻekolu (i nā kāne) mau makahiki o ke ola. E lanakila i ka lede o ka puʻuwai, ke komo pinepine nei nā otter cavalier i nā hakakā luhi ʻole
Hāpai ka wahine i nā keiki i ʻelua mau mahina. Hiki i nā pēpē he 4 ke hānau ʻia, akā maʻamau aia wale nō 2. Mālama nui ka makuahine Otter a hānai i kāna pēpē a hiki i hoʻokahi makahiki. Ua hānau ʻia nā keiki i kahi kapa huluhulu, akā ʻike ʻole lākou i kekahi mea, ke kaupaona ʻia ma kahi o 100 g. I loko o ʻelua mau pule ʻike lākou i ko lākou mau maka a hoʻomaka kā lākou makemake mua.
Ma kahi kokoke i ʻelua mau mahina, ke hoʻomaka nei lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻauʻau. I ka wā like, ulu ko lākou mau niho, ʻo ia hoʻi hoʻomaka lākou e ʻai i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī. ʻO nā mea like, he ʻuʻuku loa lākou a hiki i nā pōpilikia like ʻole, ʻoiai ʻeono mau mahina a pili kokoke lākou i ko lākou makuahine. Aʻo ka makuahine i kāna pua i ka lawaiʻa, no ka mea pili i ko lākou ola. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi wale nō o nā keiki e hoʻoikaika a ikaika a makua hoʻi, mākaukau e hele e ʻauʻau manuahi.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka otter
Kiʻi: muliwai Otter
Alakaʻi ʻo Otters i kahi ala huna o ke ola, e hoʻāʻo nei e noho ma nā wahi kaʻawale hiki ʻole ke kaʻawale mai nā wahi noho kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, lawa ka ʻenemi o kēia mau holoholona.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka holoholona a me ka ʻāina o kona noho ʻana, hiki i kēia mau mea ke:
- ʻōpala;
- jaguars;
- cougars;
- ʻīlio hae;
- ʻīlio hele hewa;
- manu manu lele nui;
- na Bea;
- kanaka
ʻO ka maʻamau o kēia mau mea makemake maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻouka i nā holoholona ʻōpio a me ka ʻike ʻole. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻalopeke hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i kahi otter, ʻoiai, pinepine, huli ʻo ia i kāna nānā i kahi ʻoka i ʻeha a paʻa paha. Hiki i ka otter ke pale iā ia iho me ka wiwo ʻole, keu hoʻi ke pili ke ola o kāna ʻōpio. Aia kekahi mau hihia i kona wā i komo ai i ke kaua me kahi alligator a puka i waho o ia me ka kūleʻa. ʻO ka huhū huhū ikaika loa, koa, ʻeleu a me ka hana.
Eia nō naʻe, kū ka pilikia o ka poʻe i ka otter. A ʻo ke kiko ma aneʻi ʻaʻole wale i ka ʻimi a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hulu chic, akā i nā hana a ke kanaka. Ma ka hopu nui ʻana i ka iʻa, hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni, no laila hoʻopau ʻo ia i ka otter, kahi e hoʻoweliweli nei i ka make.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻAilona holoholona
ʻAʻole ia he mea hūnā ua iho nui ka heluna o nā otters, aia ko lākou heluna kanaka i kēia manawa ma ka hoʻoweliweli. ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau holoholona e noho ʻaneʻane i nā ʻāina āpau me ka ʻokoʻa o ka Australia, ma nā wahi āpau aia ka otter ma lalo o ke kūlana mālama a helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book. ʻIke ʻia ua nalo loa nā ʻano Kepani o kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha mai ke alo o ka Honua i ka makahiki 2012. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia kūlana kaumaha o ka heluna kanaka. ʻO kāna hana ʻimi holoholona a me kāna ʻoihana hoʻokele waiwai e hoʻoweliweli i kēia mau mea pono ʻole i ka predachioed. Hoʻoiho ko lākou ʻili waiwai i nā mea ʻimi holoholona, nā mea i alakaʻi i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona he nui. ʻOi loa i ka hoʻoilo, huhū nā mea lawaiʻa.
Hoʻopilikia hoʻi nā kūlana nohona maikaʻi ʻole i nā otters. Inā hoʻohaumia ʻia nā kino wai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka nalo ʻana o ka iʻa, a nele ka ʻai i ka ʻai, e alakaʻi ai i nā holoholona i ka make. Loaʻa ka nui o nā otters i nā ʻupena lawaiʻa a make, a paʻa i loko o ia mau mea. I kēia mau manawa i hala aku nei, ua luku hoʻomāinoino ka lawaiʻa i ka otter no ka mea ua ʻai iʻa ka iʻa. I nā ʻāina he nui, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka otter maʻamau i kēia manawa, ʻoiai ua palahalaha ʻia ma laila. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea ʻo Belgian, Netherlands a me Switzerland.
Palekana Otter
Kiʻi: Otter i ka hoʻoilo
Aia nā ʻano otters āpau i ka puke ʻulaʻula. I kekahi mau wahi, hoʻonui iki ka heluna kanaka (kai otter), akā ʻo ke kūlana maʻamau ka mea kaumaha. ʻO ka hahai holoholona, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i alakaʻi ʻia e like me ma mua, akā ʻo nā waihona wai he nui, kahi e noho ai ka otter, haumia loa ia.
ʻO ke kaulana o ka otter, i hoʻokumu ʻia e kona helehelena uʻi a me kāna ʻano leʻaleʻa, hoʻonāukiuki i ka poʻe he nui e pili ana i ka hoʻoweliweli a ke kāne i kēia holoholona hoihoi. Maliʻa paha, ma hope o kekahi manawa, e loli ka hanana no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a hoʻomaka ka helu o nā otters e ulu mau.
Otter ʻaʻole wale mākou e uku iā mākou me ka maikaʻi a me ka hoihoi, akā hoʻokō pū i ka nuʻukia nui o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā kino wai, e hana ana ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe, no ka mea ʻo ka mea mua loa, ʻai lākou i nā iʻa maʻi a nāwaliwali hoʻi.
Ka lā paʻi: 05.02.2019
Lā hou: 16.09.2019 ma 16:38
