Muskrat, a i ʻole musk rat (loaʻa nā musk glands). Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ʻAmelike ʻĀkau kahi homeland o kēia holoholona, mai kahi i lawe mai ai ka poʻe i ko mākou ʻāina i nā makahiki 30 o ke kenekulia iwakālua. Ua aʻa maikaʻi ka muskrat a noho i nā wahi nui. ʻO ke kumu, aloha nā holoholona i nā waihona wai wai hou, akā hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā wahi pohopoho a me nā loko.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
He mammal rodent ʻo Muskrat i lilo i wā nui o kona ola pōkole i ka wai. ʻO ia wale nō ka lunamakaʻāinana o kāna ʻano a me ka genus o nā rodents muskrat. Ua hoʻomaka ko lākou heluna kanaka ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, kahi e noho ai nā holoholona ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, a lawe nā kānaka i ka muskrat i Lūkia, ʻAkau ʻAkau a me ʻEulopa, kahi i noho maikaʻi loa.
Kuhi ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo nā kūpuna o ka muskrat he voles. Ua liʻiliʻi lākou, a ʻaʻole ikaika a ikaika hoʻi ko lākou mau niho e like me nā ʻiole musk. A laila neʻe kokoke aku nā holoholona a kokoke i ka teritore o ʻAmelika Hema, ua hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o nā laha i kahi wai wai, a laila kahi ʻano semi-aquatic o ke ola. Manaʻo ʻia a laila hoʻomohala nā holoholona i nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi āpau e ʻae iā lākou e noho i ka wai no kahi manawa lōʻihi, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- he huelo palahalaha nui, a aneane aole lauoho;
- pūnaewele ma nā wāwae hope;
- huluhulu ʻole;
- kahi hanana hoihoi o ka lehelehe luna, e ʻae ana i nā incisors o mua e ʻūlū ma waena o nā limu ma lalo o ka wai me ka wehe ʻole o ka waha.
Manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻonui nui nā holoholona i ka nui ma muli o ka ʻoi aku o ka maʻalahi o kā lākou mau home: minks, huts. Hāʻawi ka nui nui i nā muskrats e mālama i ko lākou ikaika a ikaika loa.
ʻO kēlā me kēia mea e ʻōlelo ai, ʻo nā metamorphose āpau i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka evolution o ke ʻano o kēia ʻano holoholona e pili pū me ka reorientation i kahi ʻano semi-aquatic o ke ola.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Loaʻa ka nui o ka holoholona iā ia ma kahi o ka hapalua mika a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi, a ʻokoʻa kona kaumaha mai ʻehiku haneli karamu a i ʻelua kilokika. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ka helehelena o ka rodent ka huelo, kahi e lawe ai i ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o kona kino holoʻokoʻa. Ma waho, ua like ka huelo me ka hoe, kōkua ia i ka holoholona e lana pono. ʻO Muskrat he ʻauʻau akamai. I kēia kumuhana, ʻaʻole wale ka huelo e kōkua iā lākou, akā ʻo nā membrane hoʻi ma nā wāwae o hope, e hoʻohālikelike ai iā lākou me he flipala lā. Luʻu maikaʻi loa nā holoholona a hiki ke hōʻea i lalo o ka wai a hiki i 17 mau minuke.
E nānā pū paha mākou i ka hulu o kēia holoholona hoihoi. ʻAʻole loa ia e hoʻopili ʻia e ka wai, ʻo ia hoʻi pulu ʻole. Mānoanoa a nani hoʻi ka hulu, komo pū kekahi i nā huluhulu, a me ka undercoat. Ma kahi kokoke i ka bipi keiki he mānoanoa a palupalu ka hulu, a ma luna o laila nā lauoho lōʻihi a ʻoʻoleʻa e lilelile a ʻālohilohi. ʻAʻole hiki i ka wai ke komo i loko o kēia mau papa. Mālama mau nā Muskrats i ke kūlana o ko lākou "kapa hulu", hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau iā ia a hamo iā ia me nā momona kūikawā.
He waiwai nui ka hulu Muskrat a hiki i kēia mau kala:
- palaunu (mea maʻamau);
- kokoleka pouli;
- ʻeleʻele (ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele).
ʻAno ʻē ka lehelehe luna o ka muskrat, me he mea lā ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua hapa. Nānā nā kukuna ma o lākou lā. Kōkua kēia i ka holoholona e ʻānai a ʻai i nā mea kanu wai me ka waha paʻa, ʻoiai ka hohonu. ʻAʻole like me nā maka ʻoi loa a me kahi ʻano nāwaliwali o ka pilau, hiki ke lili wale ʻia ka lohe ʻana o ka muskrat. Kōkua ʻo ia iā ia e hana koke i ka makaʻu a makaʻala i nā manawa āpau.
He poʻo liʻiliʻi ko ka holoholona me ka waha o ka waha. Liʻiliʻi loa hoʻi nā pepeiao o ka muskrat, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole e puka, kahi e hōʻoluʻolu ai ke luʻu. Poepoe ke kino o ka holoholona, plump. Ma nā forepaws o ka muskrat ʻehā manamana wāwae lōʻihi me nā māiʻuʻu nui a hoʻokahi hoʻokahi liʻiliʻi. He mea maʻalahi kēia e ʻeli i ka honua. Nā manamana Hind - ʻelima, ʻaʻohe o nā māiʻu lōʻihi wale nō, akā ʻo nā membrane kekahi. Kōkua ia e ʻau dexterous. I ke ʻano o ka nui, ke kala a me ka helehelena, he keʻa ke muskrat ma waena o kaʻiole maʻamau a me ka beaver.
Ma hea e noho ai ka muskrat?
Ma muli o ke ʻano semi-aquatic o kona ʻano, noho ka muskrat ma kapa o nā loko wai, nā kahawai, nā loko wai hou, a me nā poho wai. Makemake ka rodent i ka wai hou, akā ola ia i nā kino wai palau. ʻAʻole e noho ʻo Muskrat i loko o kahi waihona wai ma kahi o ka wai ʻole a me nā mea kanu kahakai. ʻAʻole e noho ka holoholona ma kahi e paʻa ai ka wai i ka wā hoʻoilo. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ʻāina a ka holoholona e noho ai, ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi kona wahi noho a ʻokoʻa nā ʻano.
Hiki iā ia:
- nā lua bowows-tunnels me nā alaloa hoʻonani lehulehu;
- nā hale o luna i hana ʻia i ka silt a me nā mea kanu;
- nā hale e hoʻohui i nā ʻano ʻelua o nā hale;
- hale e lilo i puuhonua no kekahi manawa.
Inā kiʻekiʻe ke kahakai o ka waihona, hemo nā rodent i loko o nā lua liʻiliʻi i loko, ka puka e komo ai i lalo o ka wai. I ka hihia ke nui ka waihona i nā mea kanu, kūkulu ka muskrat i nā hale i ka ulu nui o nā ʻohe, nā sedges, nā cattails, a me nā ʻohe. ʻO kahi keʻena kūikawā kūikawā (keena) i nā lua e maloʻo mau a ʻaʻole pili i ka wai.
Kūkulu kahi holoholona noʻonoʻo i kahi keʻena kākoʻo hou ma luna o ka mea nui, inā piʻi kiʻekiʻe ka wai. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ka noho ʻana o ka muskrat he moʻolelo ʻelua. Aia i loko kahi ʻōpala o ka limu a me ka mauʻu, ʻaʻole hāʻawi wale i ka palupalu, akā pale pū kekahi i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa mai ke anuanu.
ʻAʻole paʻa ka puka i ka mink, no ka mea Aia ma lalo loa o ka wai. ʻOiai i nā hau momona loa ma lalo o ka ʻole, ʻaʻole hāʻule ka mahana i ka hale. Ke kali nei ka ʻohana muskrat holoʻokoʻa i ke anuanu koʻikoʻi loa i kona hale pumehana, palupalu, maloʻo a maikaʻi.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka muskrat?
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka meaʻai o muskrat ka hapanui o nā mea kanu. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo kēia nā mea kanu wai, ko lākou aʻa, kūmole, a me nā kumu kai a me nā mauʻu. Maanei hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻohe, nā lio, duckweed, sedge, a pēlā aku. Mai hoʻokaʻulua i ka muskrat a me nā meaʻai holoholona, e like me nā crustacean, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā mollusk like ʻole, nā rana a me nā koena o nā holoholona make, iʻa.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻai pinepine lākou i nā tubers a me nā aʻa i hohonu i lalo o ka wai. ʻAʻole hana ka muskrat i nā lako meaʻai kūikawā no ka wā hoʻoilo, akā i kekahi manawa ʻaihue ia i ka meaʻai mai nā waihona o nā beaver. Hiki ke ʻai maikaʻi ʻia kou hale ponoʻī i ka wā hoʻoilo paʻakikī, a laila e hoʻoponopono ka muskrat iā ia a hoʻoponopono i nā mea āpau.
ʻIke ka nui o nā lawaiʻa i ka wā o ka lawaiʻa hoʻoilo me nā kāʻei, ʻohi pinepine nā muskrats i ka maunu ola mai nā lou. I ka puna, makemake nā muskrats e pāʻina ma nā wana ʻōpio a me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo hou loa, a i ka hāʻule, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻanoʻano a me nā aʻa. Inā he mau māla mahiʻai ma kahi o ka rodent's habitat, a laila e leʻaleʻa ka muskrat i nā cereala a me nā mea kanu me ka hauʻoli nui.
Ma ke ʻano laulā, he holoholona mau ka muskrat, hehi ia i nā ala e loaʻa ai kāna meaʻai a neʻe mau me lākou. Inā loaʻa ka meaʻai i loko o ka wai, a laila ʻaʻole ʻauʻau ka holoholona ma mua o ʻumikūmālima mau mika mai kona wahi noho mau. Inā he catastrophic maʻamau ke ʻano me ka meaʻai, a laila ʻaʻole ʻauʻau ka muskrat ma mua o 150 mau mika mai kona home.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Ikaika loa ʻo Muskrat a hana ʻaneʻane kokoke i ka uaki. Akā nō naʻe, aia ka piko o ka hana i ka ainalā a me nā hola o ke kakahiaka. I ka hoʻomaka mua o ka puna, loaʻa i ke kāne ka wahine, hana nui lāua ʻelua, e kūkulu ana i ko lāua hale.
He monogamous nā Muskrats, noho lākou i nā ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hui kona ʻāina ponoʻī, kahi i koho ʻia e ke kāne me ke kōkua o kāna inguinal musk glands. ʻO ka nui o ia mau ʻāina muskrat ma kēlā me kēia ʻohana o nā holoholona ma kahi o 150 mau mika. I ka puna, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā keiki makua mai ka ʻāina e hoʻomaka i ko lākou ola makua ʻokoʻa.
Eia hou, i ka wā spring, komo mau nā kāne makua i nā hakakā, hopu hou ʻana i nā panalāʻau hou a me nā wahine. Kino loa kēia mau kaua a hopena pinepine i nā ʻeha make. ʻO kēlā poʻe i waiho wale ʻia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi kāne na lākou iho, pono e ʻauʻau i kahi mamao aku e loaʻa kahi wahi hou na lākou iho, neʻe lākou i nā wai o nā wai ʻē aʻe.
I ka wai a muskrat manaʻo e like me kahi iʻa. ʻAʻau wikiwiki ʻo ia, hiki ke noho ma ka hohonu no ka manawa lōʻihi, e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai. Ma ka ʻāina, nānā iki ka holoholona i kahi ʻano pīhoihoi a hiki ke lilo i mea pio na ka poʻe makemake ʻole. Hoʻohui, hāʻule pinepine ka maka a me ka honi i nāʻiole musk, kahi hiki ʻole ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻolohe ʻana, a maʻalahi loa ia.
Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia o ka cannibalism ma waena o ka muskrat. Loaʻa kēia i ka nui o ka noho ʻana o kēlā me kēia ʻāina a me ka nele o ka meaʻai no nā kānaka āpau. Kūlana wiwo ʻole ʻo Muskrats. Inā ʻike lākou iā lākou iho i kahi kūlana manaʻolana ʻole, ke hiki ʻole iā lākou ke peʻe ma lalo o ka wai, a laila komo lākou i ke kaua me ka hoʻohana i ko lākou hoihoi nui, nā māiʻuʻu nui a me nā niho nui.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Heʻuʻuku ke ola o kahi muskrat i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a ʻekolu wale nō mau makahiki, ʻoiai i loko o kahi kaona hana hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā makahiki he ʻumi. Noho nā holoholona i nā hui o nā mākua makua a me nā pēpē ulu. Hiki i nā Beavers ke lilo i mau hoalauna ma loko o ka panalāʻau o kēia a me ka waihona wai like. ʻO kēia mau ʻano ʻokoʻa he nui like, ma ka hiʻona a me ka lawena.
Kū pinepine nā hakakā koko ma waena o nā lunamaka o nā ʻano muskrat. mahele pinepine nā kāne i ka ʻāina a me nā wahine. ʻO ka hanauna ʻōpio i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka holo manuahi he paʻakikī e loaʻa i ko lākou wahi, e hoʻomaka ana i kahi ʻohana a noho i lalo. No ka ʻohana a me nā keiki, he mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he momona loa ka muskrat. I nā wahi me ke ani anuanu, loaʻa i ka wahine nā keiki i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki. Ma kahi mehana, hiki i kēia ke hana ma kahi o 3-4 mau manawa o ka makahiki. ʻO ka manawa o ka hānau keiki ʻana ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina.
Hiki i hoʻokahi ʻōpala ke loaʻa he 6 - 7 mau pepelu. I ka hānau ʻana, ʻaʻohe o lākou lauoho a ʻike ʻole i kekahi mea, nānā liʻiliʻi a kaupaona ʻaʻole ma mua o 25 gram. Hāpai ka wahine i kāna pēpē ma kahi o 35 mau lā. Ma hope o kekahi mau mahina, ua kūʻokoʻa lāua, akā noho lākou i ka hoʻoilo i ko lākou home makua.
Mālama ka makuakāne i kahi hana i ka hānai ʻia ʻana o nā keiki, a hoʻokau i ka mana nui iā lākou. I ka puna, e haʻalele ka poʻe ʻōpio i ko lākou pūnana kūnoa i mea e hoʻonohonoho ai i ko lākou ola ponoʻī. Mālama piha ʻia nā Muskrats e 7-12 mau mahina, no ka mea pōkole ko lākou ola.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka muskrat
Nui nā ʻenemi o ka muskrat, ma ka ʻāina a ma ka wai. Ma muli o ka palahalaha loa o kēia mau holoholona, lawelawe lākou ma ke ʻano he loulou nui i ka papaʻai o nā mea ʻae like ʻole.
I loko o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka muskrat ma mua o ke kahakai, akā ma laila e hiki ai ke alo i ka weliweli. ʻO ka ʻenemi kolohe a ʻeleu loa hoʻi i aneʻi ka mink, kahi e kaohi maikaʻi ʻia i ka wai a komo i ka hohonu i nā lua o ka muskrat e hopu i kāna keiki. ʻO Ilka a lawaiʻa marten kekahi mea hoʻoweliweli i ka muskrat mai ka wai o ka wai. I ka wai, kahi otter, alligator a hiki i kahi pike nui hiki ke hoʻouka i ka muskrat.
Ke hele mai nei i uka, lilo ka muskrat i clumsy, kahi huelo lōʻihi ma aneʻi wale nō e hāʻawi iā ia i ka hōʻoluʻolu a hoʻohui i ka clumsiness. Ma waena o nā poʻe makemake ʻāina ʻole o ka muskrat, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa: he raccoon, ka ʻalopeke, kahi ʻīlio raccoon, kahi coyote a me kahi ʻīlio ʻauana maʻamau. I nā hihia kakaikahi, hiki i kahi ʻīlio hae, puaʻa ʻāhiu a bear ke hoʻouka i ka muskrat.
Mai ka lewa, hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia ka muskrat e nā manu manu lele e like me ka pueo pueo, a me ka hawk. ʻOiai ʻo ka murie maʻamau a i ʻole ka moa hiki ke hōʻino i nā keiki e ulu nei.
Mālama ʻia ka muskrat ma ka hele ʻana i ka hohonu, ma lalo o ka wai, kahi e neʻe ai me ke akamai, ʻauʻau wikiwiki a hiki ke noho ma kahi hohonu ma kahi o 17 mau minuke. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia, a laila hakakā ikaika ka muskrat, me ka pale ʻana iā ia iho a me kāna keiki, ʻoiai nā maiuu a me nā niho e kōkua i ka hakakā paʻakikī.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka heluna nui o ka poʻe muskrat. Ua pālahalaha ʻia ia ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua. Mai kona homeland ma ʻAmelika Hema, ua hōʻike hewa ʻia kēia holoholona i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, kahi i manaʻo nui ʻia a paʻa paʻa hoʻi. Hiki iā Muskrat ke noho i nā ʻāina wela a me nā ʻāina me nā aniau ʻino.
Ma muli o kā lākou unpretentiousness, maʻalahi lākou i ka maʻalahi a hoʻonui koke. ʻIke ʻia kēlā ʻano ʻano, ke kumu o ka hiki ʻole i nā ʻepekema ke wehewehe aʻe: i kēlā me kēia 6-10 mau makahiki, nui ka heluna kanaka o ka muskrat a me ka wikiwiki e hōʻemi nei. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu o kēia kaohi uila ʻana. Maikaʻi ka momona o nā ʻiole wai, no laila ola koke lākou i nā helu o mua ma hope o ka emi loa o kēia ʻano.
Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻo Muskrat i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana noho a hoʻololi kūpono i nā wahi āpau e pili ana i nā ʻano wai hou, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ke ola no kēia mau holoholona hoihoi. ʻO kekahi o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka loaʻa ʻana o nāʻiole musk ma kahi kino o ka wai ʻaʻole ia e paʻa i ka lalo o ke anuanu hoʻoilo a me ka nui o nā mea kanu wai a me nā kahakai e pono ai ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona.
I ka hopena, he mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he holoholona ʻano like ʻole me he muskrat ka hopena nui i ka mokuʻāina o ka wai i noho ai. He loulou nui ia i ka kaulahao eko. Inā kū ka muskrat, e hoʻohina nui ʻia ka waihona wai a ulu nui ʻia, kahi e hopena maikaʻi ʻole ai i ka iʻa iʻa, a he nui nā makika e hiki ke hānau. No laila, muskrat hana ma ke ʻano he ʻano luna hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka waihona wai, ma o kāna hana nui e hoʻohuli ai i ka mokuʻāina a puni ka holoholona.
Lā paʻi: 23.01.2019
Lā hou: 17.09.2019 ma 12:03
