ʻO Selenes, a i ʻole nā luaʻi, he ʻelele o ka genus o nā iʻa kai pili i ka ʻohana o ka lio mackerel (Carangidae). Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ia ʻano kamaʻāina wai i ka papa o ka Moana ʻAkelanika a ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka wai Pākīpika. He iʻa ʻo Seleniums e alakaʻi i kahi nohona kula nui, e hana pinepine nei i nā hōʻiliʻili a nui i ka kolamu wai a i ʻole nā wahi kokoke o ka lalo.
Hōʻike o vomer
Wahi a ka ʻauhau ʻānō o nā iʻa, selenium, a i ʻole nā luaʻi (Selene) e kū i ko lākou wahi i ka ʻohana o ka lio mackerel a ma ke kauoha ʻo Perciformes. ʻO kēlā poʻe noho wai i loko o ka mahele o nā ʻohana mamao loa o nannakara polū neon - kahi hybrid kaulana o nā cichlids mai ke kauoha Percoid.
ʻAʻole like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, hiki i kēlā mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana Scad ke hana i nā kani ʻū a ʻano nāwaliwali loa, i hoʻohana ʻia e nā poʻe wai e kamaʻilio ai i loko o ke kula a hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻenemi.
ʻIke, nā ana
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Vomeres e kahi kino kiʻekiʻe e kaomi ikaika ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao. I kēia hihia, kūlou ka laina ʻaoʻao o ke kino o ka iʻa i ke ʻano o ka piʻo wale nō ma ka wahi ma luna aʻe o ka pectoral fin. I ka ʻāpana huelo, pololei loa kēlā laina. ʻAʻohe loa nā pale iwi. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o mua he ʻūlū loa, kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi aku hoʻi. ʻO ka waha o ka selenium he oblique.
ʻO ka iwi ā lalo o ka iʻa ke ʻano i ʻūlū i luna. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka fin dorsal ʻewalu e noho kaʻawale ana a me nā ʻōiwi pokole i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Liʻiliʻi a pōkole loa nā pelvic. Hōʻike ʻia ka moʻo huelo e kahi ʻano forked, a me ke kū ʻana o kahi lāʻau lōʻihi a lahilahi. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kino o ka vomer he silvery me ka uliuli a i ʻole mae keokeo ma ka hope. Hinahina nā fin.
ʻO nā ʻōpio i ka wahi o kahi paʻa o nā kuʻikuʻi dorsal mua loa i ʻike ʻia nā kaʻina hana filamentous, i nā ʻelemakule makua o kekahi mau laha e nalowale loa i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻEleu wale ʻo Selenium me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō, a i ke ao e makemake nā poʻe wai wai e peʻe i nā hale e kokoke ana i ka lalo a i ʻole nā kokoke i nā kahakai. Maikaʻi loa ʻo Vomers i ka hoʻonalowale ʻana iā lākou iho i ka wai. Ma muli o nā peculiarities o ka hanana o ka ʻili, hiki i kēlā iʻa ke kiʻi maʻalahi i kahi hiʻohiʻona a translucent paha i mua o kekahi mau kukui.
Makemake nā ʻōpio o ka vomer e noho i nā wai desalinated kokoke i ke kahakai, e komo pinepine ana i nā kahawai wai. Hele hewa nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus i nā pūʻulu o nā helu like ʻole, a neʻe hoʻi mai ke kahakai ma kahi o ʻelua haneli mau mika. ʻO ke kūlana koʻikoʻi no kahi ola maʻamau ke kū ʻana o kahi kumu lepo i loko o ka waihona wai, akā ʻae ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi one nui o ke one.
Pili ka hana a ka iʻa i ka hana piha ʻana o nā ʻono o ka ʻono a me ka hoʻopā, i waiho ʻia i loko o ke kino a hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea noho wai e ʻike i ka meaʻai a me nā mea keʻakeʻa, a me nā mea weliweli.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o vomer
Mai nā lā mua loa o ka hānau ʻana, waiho wale ʻia nā keiki o selenium iā ia iho, ka mea e hoʻowalewale i ka iʻa e like me ka hikiwawe loa i nā ʻike āpau o ke kai wai, a ʻae hoʻi i nā mea ʻoi loa me ka hopena wikiwiki e ola. ʻAʻole like me ka "moon-moon", ʻaʻole ola nā luaʻi i hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki, akā no ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi makahiki. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, kākaʻikahi nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano e "keʻa" i ka paepae makahiki ʻehiku.
ʻAno Selenium
I kēia lā, ʻo ka moʻohana Selena mai ka ʻohana Stavridov i komo pū me ʻehiku mau ʻano nui. Noho ʻehā o kēia ʻano i nā wai o ka Moana ʻAkelanika a ʻekolu mau ʻano noho o ka Moana Pākīpika. I ka manawa like, he ʻokoʻa nui nā lunamaka'āinana o ka Pākīpika mai kēlā me kēia kanaka ʻAkelanika. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī e pili ana i ka ʻole o nā unahi, a me kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā lau dorsal i nā ʻōpio.
ʻO nā ʻano selenium e kū nei:
- ʻO Selene brevoortii kahi kamaʻāina o ke kapakai hikina o ka Moana Pākīpika, mai Mekiko a i ʻEkuatoa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o kahi mākua ma kahi o 37-38 cm;
- ʻO ka moonfish Caribbean (Selene brownii) kahi kamaʻāina o ke kapakai komohana o ka Moana ʻAkelanika, mai Mekiko a i Brazil. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o kahi mākua ma kahi o 28-29 cm;
- ʻO ka moonfish ʻApelika (Selene dorsalis) kahi kamaʻāina o ke kapakai hikina o ka Moana ʻAkelanika, mai Pokukala a ʻApelika Hema. ʻO ka lōʻihi keu o ke kanaka makua he 37-38 cm me ka awelika o 1.5 kg.
- ʻO ka selenium Mekiko (Selena orstedii) kahi kamaʻāina o ke kapakai hikina o ka Moana Pākīpika, mai Mekiko a Colombia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua he 33 knm;
- He kupa ʻo Selenium selenium (Selene peruviana) ma ke kapakai hikina o ka Moana Pākīpika, mai Kaleponi a Peru. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua he 39-40 cm;
- ʻO Selenium Komohana Komohana, a i ʻole ʻo moonfish ʻAkelanika (Selene setapinnis) kahi noho o ke kapakai komohana o ka Moana ʻAkelanika, mai Kanada a Argentina. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o kahi mākua ma kahi o 60 cm me ka awelika o 4.6 kg;
- selenium maʻamau (Selene vomer) he kamaʻāina o ke kapakai komohana o ka Moana ʻAkelanika, mai Kanada a i Uruguay. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā mākua ma kahi o 47-48 cm me ke kaupaona kaulike o 2.1 kg.
ʻO nā seleniums ʻAkelanika he 4-6 mau kukuna elongated o ka fin fin dorsal mua, a no nā iʻa o ka Pākīpika, he laha loa ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ʻana o nā kukuna mua o ka lua fin dorsal. I nā kānaka o ka hapanui o nā laha, ke ulu a oʻo a makua, hiki i kahi hōʻemi holoʻokoʻa o nā kukuna elongated i kū, a ʻo ka mea ʻokoʻa wale nō he mau ʻano Pākīpika - Selenium Mekiko, a me ka selenium a Brevoort.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka ʻāpana o selenium, a i ʻole vomera (Selene) e hōʻike ʻia e ka Moana ʻAkelanika a me ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka Moana Pākīpika. I loko o ka wai o ka Moana ʻAkelanika, noho ʻo Stavridiformes i ka wahi tropical mai ke kahakai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāpana kahakai o ʻApelika Komohana. Ma ka Moana Pākīpika, ʻo nā kūlana ʻoi loa no ke ola o nā iʻa ʻano ʻole e hōʻike ʻia e nā wai tropical mai ke kahakai o ʻAmelika, pololei ma Kaleponi, a hiki i ʻEkuador a me Peru.
Ua pālahalaha nui ka ʻohana Stavridovye ma ka papa ʻaina, kahi e noho ai kēlā poʻe wai, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, mai komo i lalo o 50-60 mika ka hohonu, a makemake pū kekahi e hōʻiliʻili kokoke i ka lalo a pololei i ka kolamu wai kokoke. ʻOluʻolu hoʻi nā luaʻi mākua i ka lepo lepo a lepo lepo paha.
I kēlā me kēia manawa, hōʻiliʻili kokoke loa i lalo o ka selenium hui me ka mackerel lio, a me nā puʻupuʻu a me ka sardinella, ma muli o nā kula iʻa i kūkulu ʻia he nui.
Papaʻai a Vomer
Ma hope o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, lilo i ka luaʻi a hoʻomaka e ʻimi i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka mea noho wai o ka ʻāpana tropical o ka Moana ʻAkelanika, ke kahakai kahakai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻApelika Komohana e ʻai ana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a me nā ʻano ʻano invertebrates benthic a i ʻole zooplankton.
ʻImi nā selenium makua a me nā ʻōpio i ka meaʻai na lākou iho ma nā sediment o ka silty lalo. I ke kaʻina o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, haki ka iʻa i lalo. Hoʻoikaika nui nā luaʻi mākua i ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻōpae, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, a me nā pāpaʻi a me nā ilo.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ka momona o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Stavridovye a me ka genus Selena he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka wahine nui nui hiki ke hana i kahi o hoʻokahi miliona mau hua a ʻoi aku paha, i ka manawa koke ma hope o ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka wai i ka kolamu wai. Hoʻohana nā larva āpau i ka plankton liʻiliʻi loa i kā lākou papaʻai, a hiki ke hūnā maikaʻi hoʻi mai nā mea kūpale i ke kai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, e ʻimi ʻia nā luaʻi e nā iʻa predatory nui aku, akā ʻo ka makaʻu nui no ka helu o nā kamaʻāina wai i kēia lā nā kānaka. ʻO ka emi nui o ka heluna kanaka o ka genus Selena ma muli o ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana a me ka hiki ʻole o kēlā iʻa ke hoʻihoʻi koke i kā lākou helu i ka wā o ka hana hou. I ka wā kamaliʻi, make ma kahi o 80% o nā vomer fry i luku ʻia.
Waiwai kālepa
Ua kaupalena ʻia nā luaʻi ʻAkelanika i kēia manawa i ka waiwai kalepa, a ʻaʻole hiki i kā lākou hopu ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o kekahi mau ʻumi mau tona. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus o nā iʻa kai pili i ka ʻohana Stavridovye kahi mea i makemake nui ʻia no ka lawaiʻa haʻuki. Kau ʻia nā kapu lawaiʻa i kēlā me kēia manawa e nā luna Ecuadorian. ʻO kahi laʻana, i loko o Malaki 2012, ua kapu loa ka lawaiʻa ʻana o kēia ʻano iʻa.
ʻO ka waiwai kalepa ʻoi loa i kēia lā, ʻike ʻia, ʻike wale ʻia e ka selenium a Peruvian. Mālama nui ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ia iʻa kokoke i ka kapakai o ʻEkuakola, kahi i hopu ʻia ai ka selenium e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻupena a me nā lei ʻeke. Hoʻonui ʻia kahi koi no ia iʻa exotic i ka Hikina ʻEulopa, a ua alakaʻi ʻia i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka lehulehu o ka lehulehu.
ʻO ka luaʻi Pākīpika, me ka ʻai momona, palupalu, ʻono, hānai maikaʻi ʻia a hiki i ke pio ʻana. ʻO nā kānaka i ulu i nā nursery ʻaʻole nui ka nui, hiki i ka 15-20 cm wale nō ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā kūlana nui no ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka vomer e mālama i ka hoʻomehana wela e koi ʻia ai ka wai a me ke kū ʻana o kahi kumu lepo o ka waihona.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka adaptate kūlohelohe maikaʻi o ka vomer i ka mea wai e hāʻawi i kahi hoʻoikaika kūlohelohe o ka lehulehu. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi kūlana mālama, kaupalena ʻia ka lawaiʻa ma muli o ka wili mau ʻana o ia iʻa a me ka hiki ʻole o ka biomass e ola wikiwiki.
