ʻO ka Bulldog ʻAmelika (American Bulldog) kahi ʻīlio ʻīlio kaulana i nā ʻāina he nui i kaulana mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa. ʻO nā Bulldogs ʻAmelika ka mea kokoke, kokoke i nā ʻohana pili o ka Old English Bulldog. ʻO ke kū hoʻokahi o ka laha ma muli o ka loli ʻana o nā loli i ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻīlio, i ko lākou ʻano kino a i ʻole kūkulu, a me nā ʻano o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano noʻonoʻo.
Mōʻaukala o ka lāhui
ʻO ka poʻe malihini i ka panalāʻau o ka Honua Hou i lawe pinepine mai i nā bulldogs, i wehewehe ʻia e ka makemake e loaʻa i kahi pale pale wāwae ʻehā i pili aʻe iā lākou, i hiki ke kaʻana like me ko lākou haku i nā mea paʻakikī a me nā paʻakikī o ka Wild West. ʻAʻole hoʻonohonoho nā kolone i nā hōʻike a mālama ʻole i nā puke moʻokūʻauhau, a hānai ʻia nā ʻīlio ponoʻī e noʻonoʻo pono i nā ʻano hana e pono ai.
ʻO nā mea hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻīlio gladiator hakakā a me nā mea hoʻonohonoho o nā hakakā ʻīlio ka mea mua e hoʻohuli i kā lākou nānā i nā ʻīlio kūlahi a mana hoʻi, a ua kapa ʻia nā lunamaka o ka lāhui "Old Village Bulldog". Ma muli o ka noiʻi, ua hoʻoholo ʻia he ʻAmelika Bulldogs nā keiki a nā ʻīlio ʻEnelani Kahiko, i hoʻolauna ʻia e nā poʻe noho i ʻAmelika i ka wā o Elizabeth.
Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Bulldogs (Ambuli) he "jack of all trade", hiki ke kiaʻi i ka hale, kiaʻi a hoʻokele paha i nā holoholona, a ʻimi pū a luku hoʻi i nā ʻīlio hihiu, kahi mea pōʻino i nā mea manu a me nā mea hipa ma nā moku hema. Ua hōʻike maikaʻi loa kekahi poʻe iā lākou iho i loko o nā kūpale, akā ʻo kēia koho no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau ʻīlio ʻaʻole i hoʻokipa ʻia e nā mea hānai, no laila ʻaʻole ia i laha.
Ua ʻike nui ʻia ka kennel ʻo Sure Grip ma waena o nā poʻe connoisseurs o nā ʻano hana nui kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mea nona kēia kennel, ʻo Keel Simmens, i hoʻolilo i mau makahiki he nui i ka hoʻoulu a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā Bulldogs ʻAmelika. Pono nā keiki 'īlio a pau o ke kennel e hoʻoholo i kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā mea hoʻokūkū i hānai ʻia i loko o ka hale kenile e ko lākou ʻoluʻolu kūwaho a me ke kūlike, he ʻīlio hakakā kūloko ia o ka wā kahiko, nona ka hanohano a me ka mana hiki ke ʻike ʻia.
Wahi a nā poʻe loea a me nā mea lawelawe ʻīlio ʻoihana, ʻo ko lākou kumu i nā molossians kahiko loa, i hoʻomaka mai i ke aupuni ʻAsuria a me ʻAigupita Kahiko.
Ka wehewehe o ka Bulldog ʻAmelika
Ke loaʻa nei i ke koko hakakā, ʻo Ambuli nā ʻīlio ʻohana kūlohelohe a kūlohelohe e hui maikaʻi i ka nui a me ka wiwo ʻole ʻole. ʻO nā ʻīlio Stocky me ka nānā pono e mahalo nui ʻia no nā ʻano o ka mea hahai holoholona, kiaʻi a me ka mea hakakā, no laila i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana, ʻaʻole i nānā nui ʻia i ka helehelena. I kēia lā, hoʻāʻo nā mea hānai ʻoihana āpau e hoʻohui i ka moʻokūʻauhau moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi i nā Bulldogs ʻAmelika.
ʻIke, nā ana
ʻAno waena nā Bulldogs ʻAmelika a ʻoi aku ma luna o nā ʻīlio kaulike, ikaika, a kaulike. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka ʻīlio ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo. He poʻo nui nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka lāhui, nona ka laulā a me ka hohonu i loko o ka wahi cranial. He ākea a he pōkole ka waha. Liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, he triangular ke ʻano, ʻaʻole ʻoki a kau ʻia i ka cartilage. Lōʻihi loa ka huelo o ka ʻīlio, a hiki i ka hock.
Ikaika loa ke ʻano o ke kumukānāwai, me nā mea o ka ʻākala. He mana a ikaika, a hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻo Ambuli. Hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i ka lāhui. ʻOi aku ka nui a me ka iwi o nā kāne makua, a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine, ʻaʻohe o nā iwi nāwaliwali a i ʻole nā malformations.
ʻO nā kāne he 58-68 cm ke kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku ma waena o 63-65 cm), a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi uʻi ma ka pae o 55-65 cm (ʻoi aku ma waena o 58-60 cm), me ke kaupaona o 45-60 kg a me 35-50 kg. ...
Nā kala o ka lole
He ʻahuʻula keʻokeʻo ko ka Bulldogs ʻAmelika. I ke kala o ia mau ʻīlio, ʻae ʻia kekahi mau hui pū ʻia:
- keʻokeʻo me ke kalaʻula;
- ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me nā kinikini ʻulaʻula;
- keʻokeʻo me nā kaha keleawe.
Hiki i nā ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha ma ka ʻili o ke kino ke noho ma kahi o 90% o ka lole o ka holoholona. ʻO nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula mai ka ʻulaʻula a i ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula maikaʻi. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ʻo Ambulian e loaʻa i nā kala ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me nā kinikini.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kala o ka ʻahuʻula, ke kala o nā maka mai nā kani kala ʻeleʻele i nā aka walnut māmā, akā hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā kala ʻeleʻele.
Nā kūlana hānau
Ua lawe ʻia e nā Presidium o SOKO RKF a paʻa ʻia nā lālani ʻAmelika Bulldog (me ka hana ʻole ʻia nā hōʻike) e ka 03/10/2011:
- nunui a nui poʻo kaulike i ke kino, hohonu i ka wahi o ka iwi poʻo me kahi mole pokole;
- ākea a voluminous, poepoe, me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka lae a pālahalaha iki a me kahi tubercle o ka iwi poʻo i haʻi ʻia me ka haʻahaʻa.
- haʻi maikaʻi a kū hohonu;
- nunui me nā puka ihu hāmama a ākea, ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻalani paha;
- hohonu a pōkole hoʻi, ākea ma ke kumu loa, me ka hoʻopiha hoʻopiha ma lalo o nā maka a me kahi hoʻololi maopopo o ka waha, e hoʻopili iki ana i ka ihu;
- alahaka ākea a pololei hoʻi;
- haʻi ʻia ka ʻaukā glabellar;
- haʻi ʻia me ke akau superciliary;
- pulu a kūpaʻa hoʻi, ʻaʻole lepe o ka lehelehe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pigment ʻeleʻele;
- lawa ākea ka iwi ā, a he kikina nunui a haʻi ʻia ka ʻāʻī lalo;
- olakino a ikaika nā niho, me nā kini nui a ākea ākea;
- hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā papalina, me nā mākala ikaika a manoanoa, poepoe;
- kū pololei, liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole pākuʻi, ʻaʻole hohonu loa, akā ke ākea nā maka me nā lihilihi a paʻa ʻole i nā lihilihi;
- hoʻonoho kiʻekiʻe ʻia nā pepeiao, o ka nui waena, triangular i ke ʻano me ka piko poepoe;
- ʻo ka ʻāʻī muscular a me ka mana me ka nape i wehewehe pono ʻia a me kahi dewlap iki;
- mae mae loa;
- pololei a paʻa ka hoʻi, muscular a ākea hoʻi, me kahi pūliki a ʻūlū liʻiliʻi.
- ākea a poepoe ka croup, heʻe iki, me nā mākala hoʻomohala maikaʻi a ʻano nui;
- hohonu a ākea ka umauma, hiki i nā kuʻekuʻe lima, me kahi forepart hoʻomohala maikaʻi a haʻi ʻia i ka forbrust;
- ʻūlū liʻiliʻi ʻia i ka ʻūhā a me ka laina laumania me kahi ʻūlū liʻiliʻi i hoʻopili ʻia, ʻaʻole i hū a hū ʻole ʻia i ka ʻōpū;
- ʻo ka huelo, mānoanoa ma ke kumu, hoʻonoho ʻia he haʻahaʻa a loaʻa i ka mea leʻaleʻa i ka hopena;
- ua hoʻonohonoho ākea ka forelimbs, kaulike a pololei, me ka iwi volumetric maikaʻi;
- ʻo nā scapulae kahi puʻupuʻu koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi hoʻi, alakaʻi pololei ʻia;
- ākea nā poʻohiwi ākea a koʻikoʻi hoʻi;
- kuhikuhi pololei nā kuʻekuʻe lima i hope;
- nā poʻohiwi ākea a kū i luna me ka ʻole o ka piʻo, me nā iwi nunui a me nā mākala i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia, kūlike me kekahi.
- ikaika a paʻa nā kūpeʻe lima;
- ʻano pōkole a ikaika hoʻi, akā volumous pasterns ikaika a pololei;
- ikaika a poepoe nā paws, me nā manamana wāwae paʻa a pōkole hoʻi, nā pale a me nā pale i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia;
- hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā wāwae hope, ikaika me nā mākala ikaika a koʻikoʻi hoʻi, me nā ʻūhā lōkō a me ka laulā, nā hock ikaika a me nā maloʻo, a me nā wāwae ʻeleʻele.
He ikaika a neʻe hoʻi nā neʻe o nā ʻelele o ka lāhui, hoʻohui ʻia, me kahi ʻano hele i ke ʻano o kahi trot a manu ʻole e kolo ana. ʻĀwī paʻa paha ka ʻili mānoanoa i ka poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka lāhui e ka FCI.
ʻAno ʻīlio
ʻO ka Bulldogs ʻAmelika kahi hui pū o ke koa a me ka makaʻala me ka noʻonoʻo, ke ʻano wikiwiki a me ke aloha i ko lākou mea nona a me nā ʻohana a pau. Kāhāhā kēlā mau ʻīlio i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe me ka ikaika a me ka neʻe, akā i ka manawa like ke ʻano nui ʻia e ka lawena koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe a me kekahi hilinaʻi ʻole o nā malihini. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia ke ʻano belligerent ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona disqualifying.
ʻAʻole paha ʻo ka Ambul he ʻīlio hana wale nō, akā he hoa aloha a hoa hele pū hoʻi no ka poʻe i ikaika a ikaika hoʻi i ke ʻano a alakaʻi i kahi nohona hana. He mea nui ia no ka mea nona ia ʻīlio mai ka wā ʻōpiopio mai e hoʻolohe pono i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻolohe, a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻīlio pēpē e kūkulu i nā pili pili ʻole a me nā pilina me nā hoa ʻohana āpau.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi kānalua ʻole o ke ʻano o American Bulldogs e pili ana i ka kūpaʻa a me ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana, a me ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe, no laila hiki i kēlā ʻīlio ke pale aku i kāna mea nāna mai nā hoʻoweliweli, ʻoiai ke kumukūʻai o kona ola ponoʻī.
Wā ola
ʻO ke ola maʻamau o kahi Bulldog ʻAmelika, ma lalo o nā lula o ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ia ʻano holoholona, ʻokoʻa ma waena o ʻumi a ʻumikūmālua mau makahiki.
Mālama ʻAmelika Bulldog
No ka mālama home ʻana i kahi ambul, koi ʻia ia e kūʻai i nā mea pono he nui, e like me: nā moena, nā pā a me nā meaʻai, ka leash a me ke kola, ka mu mu, kahi pahu kōkua kōkua mua a me nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me nā mea pāʻani.
Mālama a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe
Ke mālama ʻia ka American Bulldog i kahi keʻena, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka molting kokoke i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, no laila, he mea nui ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻAʻole paʻa ka lole pōkole o kēlā mau ʻīlio a hāʻule ʻole ia, akā pono pono ke kāʻei maʻamau me kahi mitt rubberized e wehe i ka lauoho nalowale. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia nā māiʻuʻu o nā holoholona ʻehā wāwae i ka wā e ulu hou ana lākou me nā māiʻuʻu kūikawā, a ua lawa ka ʻauʻau ʻana i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka laha hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu a ʻehā paha mahina.
Lawe ʻia kahi hoʻokolokolo piha o ka pipi i kēlā me kēia pule: ʻimi ʻia ka ʻōpū no nā sila, nānā ʻia ka ʻili a me ke kapa, a nānā ʻia nā pepeiao a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lepo. Paipai ʻia e kāhulu i nā niho o kāu ʻīlio i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule me nā toothpastes kūikawā. E holoi ʻia nā maka me kahi kapa ʻūlū. Pono e holoi ʻia ka waha o nā ambulances i nā manawa he nui i ka lā, no ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka salivation. ʻIke kikoʻī ʻia i nā pale o ka ʻili i ka maka.
ʻAiʻai, ʻaiʻai
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā Bulldogs e kahi nāwaliwali o ka gastrointestinal tract a me kahi ʻano o nā ʻano maʻi āpau, no laila, pono e mālama pono ʻia ke ʻano hānai, a pono e mālama pono ʻia ke koho ʻana o ka papaʻai. Pono e hānai ʻia kahi ambulia liʻiliʻi ʻelima aʻeono mau manawa i ka lā i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. ʻAi ka holoholona hānai wāwae ʻehā makahiki ʻehā i ka lā i ka lā, a hānai ʻia nā ʻīlio makua ʻelua i ka lā.
Paina i nā meaʻai maloʻo:
- ʻAno Almo;
- Puʻu;
- Arden Grange;
- Kanini Aliʻi.
Kumuhana i ke koho kūlohelohe o ka hānai ʻana i ka bulldog, pre-frozen raw veal a i ʻole pipi, iʻa kai, cereal cereal, a me nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu, a me nā huahana waiū fermented e hoʻohana ʻia. Hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia ka pasta a me ka palaoa, ka waiū maka, nā mea momona a me nā mea ʻono mai ka papaʻai. I kēlā me kēia hihia, pono i nā meaʻai o ka American Bulldog e maʻa mau a kaulike.
Nā maʻi a me nā kīnā hānau
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka lāhui Bulldog ʻAmelika e kahi ʻano e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano maʻi.
- ulu maikaʻi ʻole o nā iwi o ka ʻūhā;
- nā tumors o ka moku perianal;
- ʻano like ʻole o ke kuli;
- volvulus o nā lihilihi maka;
- nā maʻi oncological;
- stenosis aortic pulmonary;
- hopena hopena;
- displasia articular.
ʻO nā kīnā a me nā hōʻailona disqualifying i waho a me ka lawena o kahi kaʻahua me ka makaʻu nui a me ka huhū, kahi poʻo a me ka waha, kahi alo o nā asymmetry o nā ʻōnaehana ʻike a me ka strabismus, nā maka maka nui, kūlou, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i hope hoʻi, kahi pelvis ākea a me kahi umauma pālahalaha, a nā mākala nāwaliwali hoʻi.
Ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa
Nui a hewahewa nā lula i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a me ka aʻo ʻana o nā Bulldogs ʻAmelika, e like me ka nele o nā indulgences. Hoʻopau pinepine ʻo Deviation mai nā lula i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻīlio e hōʻoki i ka lawe ʻana i nā kapu a koʻikoʻi a hoʻomaka e nānā wiwo ʻole iā lākou. He paʻakikī paʻakikī ka paʻakikī paʻakikī o ka ambulias e hoʻoponopono, akā hiki i ka hōʻike mau o ke kūpaʻa ke hiki ke kāohi i ka kaohi ʻole o nā ʻīlio.
Kaulana nā Bulldogs ʻAmelika no ko lākou ʻike a ʻike, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili koke i ka ʻike, akā ʻaʻole wikiwiki lākou i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kauoha, no ka ʻano phlegmatic a me ka paʻakikī. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pono e hana hou i nā kauoha like ma nā manawa kūpono ʻole i nā kūlana kūpono ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kūikawā a me nā ʻāpana o ka tī momona momona a me ka unsalted ma ke ʻano he uku maikaʻi a maikaʻi no ka mālama ʻana i kahi kauoha a i ʻole ka hoʻolohe pono ʻana. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, pono e mālama ʻia nā ʻano makahiki o ka ambulance.
Ma waho aʻe o ka papa hoʻonaʻauao laulaha a me ka papa hoʻolohe, a me ka papa hoʻonaʻauao nui, hiki i ka mea nona ka American Bulldog ke hele i ka papa "Protective or Urban Controlled Dog" me kāna pipi. ʻAʻole ʻae nā lunamaka wiwo ʻole o kēia lāhui i ka luna kānāwai e nānā iā lākou iho, makaʻu i ke hele ʻana mai hope, a makaʻu loa hoʻi i nā mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia a i ʻole nā kani ʻano ʻē. ʻO nā ʻīlio e ʻeha nei i ka huhū unmotivated hiki ke hoʻouka i kā lākou luna a luna kānāwai paha.
Kūʻai i ka Bulldog ʻAmelika
Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, he nui nā manawa kūpono i nā mea hoʻohui o ka Bulldog ʻAmelika e kūʻai i nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula o kēia ʻano. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻīlio pēpē e kūʻai aku ʻia ma o nā kolamu, nā nūpepa a me nā hoʻolaha pūnaewele paha. Mai kahi manaʻo o ka ʻāina, ʻike ākea ka laulā o nā wahi kahi e waiho ai nā kahu hānai ʻAmelika Bulldog. Ua wehe pū ʻia nā hale ʻenekini bulldog haole a hāʻawi aku i nā ʻīlio Lūkini o kēia ʻano.
I kekahi hihia, pono e nānā pono i ka hilinaʻi o ka mea kūʻai aku. Paipai nui ʻia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono iā ʻoe iho me ka moʻokūʻauhau o nā mea hana i mua, a e nānā pono hoʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā peʻa ma nā palapala āpau e ke kāhea ʻana i ka hui e hoʻopuka nei. ʻO ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o waho a me ka ʻole o nā maʻi hoʻoilina e hiki ke wehewehe. ʻAʻole kōkua ke koho ʻana i nā loea.
Hoʻololi ʻia ka metric a i ʻole "kāleka pēpē" no kahi moʻokūʻauhau "makua" maʻamau, a loaʻa pū kekahi passport passport i hoʻopiha ʻia e like me nā lula āpau.
He aha e nānā ai
ʻO ke hiʻohiʻona o kahi ʻīlio Bulldog ʻAmelika purebred olakino kahi kino muscular, haʻaheo ke kūlana a nānā pono, nā maka maopopo. Loaʻa ka makemake a me ka neʻe ʻana o kahi pipi e like me ka huhū a me ka makaʻu ʻole. Pono nō hoʻi e hoʻokō i kahi nānā ʻike pono o ka ihu, nā maka a me nā pepeiao, nā niho, ka ʻili a me ka lauoho, e ʻae ai i ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi.
ʻO ke kumu kūʻai pēpē pedigree
Wahi a nā kūlana o ka mākeke "ʻīlio" o kēia manawa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka Bulldog ʻAmelika me he ʻīlio kumu kūʻai ʻole lā. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o kahi ʻīlio ambulans he ʻelua mahina me ka ʻole o ka moʻokūʻauhau he mea ʻoi aku i ka ʻelima kaukani rubles ʻO nā Kennels e loea ana i kēia ʻano kūʻai aku i nā ʻīlio pēpē ma kahi kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā ʻīlio pīpī papahele he ʻekolu a ʻehā mau manawa ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā lunamaka hōʻike. Hoʻomaka ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻīlio hoʻolaha nui loa mai 20-25 tausani rubles, me ka nānā ʻole i ka wahine.
Nā loiloi nona
Ua mahalo mau ka Bulldog ʻAmelika i ka launa ʻole kūlike ʻole o kēlā ʻīlio. ʻAʻole i hānai ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano no hoʻokahi wale nō kumu. ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o ka nui a me nā mākala i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia, ʻo ka Ambul kahi ʻīlio liki loa, maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e pono ai ka hoʻoikaika a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine. No nā ʻohana me nā keiki liʻiliʻi, nā ʻelemākule, a me nā mea hoʻohua ʻīlio novice, ʻaʻole kūpono kēia ʻano.
Mai noʻonoʻo e maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka Bulldog ʻAmelika. ʻO ka hānai ʻana, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana hoʻi i nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia laha ka hana nui a me ka hana paʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi. No ke aʻo ʻana i kahi holoholona ʻehā wāwae o ka hānai Ambul e hoʻolohe i nā kauoha me ka nīnau ʻole ʻia, a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana i kou haku, pono ʻoe i kahi ʻeke o kekahi ʻike a i ʻole e ʻimi i ke kōkua mai nā limahana ʻīlio ʻoihana.
