ʻO ka falcon peregrine kekahi o nā manu manuahi nani loa o ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Eia nō naʻe, i ka piko, hiki i ka falcon peregrine i ʻekolu haneli mau kilomika i kēlā me kēia hola. Kū pinepine kēia i ka wā o ka mea ʻoka nāna i alualu i kāna mea pio mai kahi puʻu e hoʻouka iā ia, e lele ana i ka lewa. ʻO ka make maʻamau make ia mai ka hahau mua a kahi ʻenemi mana nui.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana ʻo Peregrine falcon
ʻO Peregrine Falcon, (Falco Peregrinus), i kapa ʻia ʻo Dak Hawk, ʻo ia ka laha ākea ākea loa o nā manu āpau. Aia kona heluna kanaka ma nā ʻāina āpau koe ʻo Antarctica a me nā mokupuni kai. ʻIke ʻia ke ola o nā ʻohana he ʻumikūmāhiku.
Hoihoi ia! Kaulana ka falcon peregrine no ka wikiwiki i ka wā o ka lele. Hiki i 300 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola. ʻAʻole kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo ka falcon peregrine wale no ka manu e wikiwiki ana, akā ʻo ka holoholona wikiwiki hoʻi ma ka honua Honua.
Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, ua emi ka wikiwiki o ka manu i ka hapa nui o ka pae honua. I ka hapa nui o nā wahi, me ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, ke kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka mahele ʻana ka make ʻana o nā manu mai ka lāʻau make pesticide, i loaʻa iā lākou me ka meaʻai. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka wā e hopu holoholona ai i nā rodents a me nā manu liʻiliʻi. ʻO kahi kūlana like i hoʻomohala ʻia ma nā mokupuni ʻo Pelekane, ʻo nā ʻano mea momona a me ke kumu o ko lākou hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kino o ka manu. Akā ma hope o ka pāpā (a i ʻole ka hōʻemi nui ʻana) o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui o nā pesticides organochlorine, ua hoʻonui ka lehulehu i nā wahi āpau o ka honua.
ʻO ka pelekikena ʻAmelika Peregrine Falcon manu ma ka moku ʻo Hudson Bay o ka hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i hoʻoweliweli ʻia ma mua. Ua nalowale iki kēia mau manu mai ka hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a hānau mai iā Kanada ma ka hopena o 1960. I ka makahiki 1969, i ka wā i pāpā ʻia ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi ʻano pesticides, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā papahana hana a me ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana i nā ʻāina ʻelua. I loko o nā makahiki he 30 e hiki mai ana o ka hana nui a ka poʻe mālama, ua hoʻokuʻu maikaʻi ʻia ma mua o 6,000 o nā mamo faloll peregrine falcon i ka nāhelehele. Ua ola hou ka heluna kanaka o ʻAmelika Hema, a mai ka makahiki 1999 ʻaʻole i helu hou ʻia ka falcon peregrine ma ke ʻano he lāhui ʻaneʻane pau. Kuhi ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he Least Concern e ka International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) mai ka 2015.
Helehelena
I ke kaʻina o ka luʻu ʻana, kaomi ʻia nā ʻeheu o ka manu i kekahi i kekahi e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā aerodynamics o ke kino, kūlou nā wāwae i hope. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia mau manu ma kahi o 46 mau kenimika. ʻO ka Falcon peregrine ka manu wikiwiki loa ma ka Honua.
He umauma keʻokeʻo ko ka peregrine falipe me nā kaha ʻeleʻele, nā ʻēheu hina a me ke kua, a me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ʻokoʻa a puni nā maka a me ke poʻo. ʻO ka lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻike luna he polū-hina, ma lalo o kona keʻokeʻo me nā ʻāhinahina hina liʻiliʻi ma ka umauma, nā plumage. Mai waho, he mea e like me ka mahiole pale polū hina hina ma ke poʻo o ka manu. E like me nā falcon āpau, he lōʻihi, eheu a me ka huelo kēia manu ʻio hulu. Lena melemele ʻōmaʻomaʻo Peregrine falcon. ʻAno like nā wahine a me nā kāne i ka helehelena.
Hoihoi ia! Ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia nā pelekane Peregrine e nā kānaka ma ke ʻano he pio - he koa koa i hiki ke ʻimi holoholona hihiu. ʻOiai ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi haʻuki kaʻawale no kēia mea hana hulu manu, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia - falconry, a ma ia mea ʻaʻohe mea like o ka falcon peregrine.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Mai ka 36 a i ka 49 kenimika ka lōʻihi o nā falcons peregrine makua. Ikaika a wikiwiki hoʻi, alualu lākou, lele i luna i ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe i hiki ai ke alualu i kā lākou mea pio. A laila, e kali ana no kahi manawa kūpono, hoʻouka iā ia, e hoʻolei iā ia iho i lalo me he pōhaku lā. Ke piʻi nei i kahi wikiwiki ʻoi aku ma mua o 320 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola, hana lākou i nā ʻeha me nā maiuu paʻa a pepehi me ka ʻeha o ka mua. ʻO kā lākou mea pio ka pālū, nā songbirds like ʻole, a me nā waders.
Noho ʻo Peregrine Falcons i nā wahi ākea o nā wahi me nā pali pōhaku a me nā puʻu. Eia kekahi, i ka manawa o ke koho ʻana i kahi pūnaewele pūnana, noʻonoʻo lākou i nā panalāʻau e pili kokoke ana i nā kumu wai hou. I kēlā mau wahi, nui ka nui o nā manu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻolako ʻia o ka meaʻai me ka lawa kūpono o ka meaʻai.
ʻO ke kahua pūnana maʻamau o ka falcon peregrine ke nānā pinepine e like me kahi ʻūlū liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi pōhaku kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā kekahi mau lehulehu i nā kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia e ke kanaka - nā hale hūkiʻi. ʻAʻole ʻo Peregrine Falcon ka mea kūkulu akamai loa, no laila, palaualelo kona mau pūnana. ʻO ka hapanui he helu liʻiliʻi ia o nā lālā, pelupelu ʻia me ka nānā ʻole, me nā hakahaka nui. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lalo me ka uluna hulu i lalo a i ʻole. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā ʻo Peregrine Falcons i nā lawelawe i waho a hoʻohana pinepine i nā pūnana o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, i hana ʻia me ke akamai. ʻO kahi laʻana, ka noho ʻana o nā ʻakaʻaka. E hana i kēia, kipaku wale ka mea ʻino i nā manu mai ka hale a lākou e makemake ai a lawe. ʻO ka Falcon peregrine ka mea mehameha.
Ehia mau peregrine falcons e noho nei
ʻO ke ola maʻamau o kahi manu falcon peregrine i ka nāhelehele ma kahi o 17 mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Kūlike like nā kāne a me nā wahine i kekahi i kekahi. Eia nō naʻe, hana pinepine ia ke nānā aku ka wahine i kahi kauoha o ka nui nui.
Nā lālā falcon Peregrine
I kēia manawa, ʻike ka honua e pili ana i nā 17 subspecies o peregrine falcons. ʻO kā lākou ʻāpana ma muli o ko lākou wahi ʻāina. He falcon barnacle kēia, he tundra hoʻi ia; nā lālā nominative e pūnana i Eurasia; nā lālā ʻO Falco peregrinus japonensis; falcon maltese; Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides - Falcon o nā Canary Islands; noho paʻa Falco peregrinus peregrinator Sundevall; a me Falco peregrinus madens ʻo Ripley & Watson, Falco peregrinus minor Bonaparte, Falco peregrinus ernesti Sharpe, Falco peregrinus pealei Ridgway (ʻeleʻele falcon), Arctic Falco peregrinus tundrius White, a me ka thermophilic Falco peregrinus cassini Sharpe.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO Peregrine Falcons nā manu i ʻike ʻia ma ka hapanui o nā ʻāina ma ʻAmelika, ʻAukekulia, ʻAsia, ʻEulopa a me ʻApelika, koe ka wao nahele kō.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia nā falcons Peregrine a puni ka honua a me ka pūnana ma nā ʻāina āpau koe ʻo Antarctica. Noho maikaʻi kēia manu a hānau ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma ka Arctic, Kanada a me ke komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua hōʻike hou ʻia nā lāhui hānau liʻiliʻi ma ka hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kauwela, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mau manu i nā wahi wela e neʻe ai ʻo hawk e like me Mount Hawk ma Pennsylvania a i ʻole Cape May, New Jersey. Hiki i nā falcons Peregrine ke pūnana i ka Arctic ma mua o 12,000 mau mile i ko lākou kahua hoʻoilo ma ka hema o ʻAmelika Hema. Lele aku kēlā manu ikaika a paʻakikī hoʻi ma mua o 24,000 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻAʻole manaʻo nā falcon Peregrine e noho ana i nā ʻāina mehana ka pono e lele mai ko lākou mau home, akā ʻo ko lākou poʻe ʻohana, nā mea i hele mai nā wahi anuanu, e hele i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka hoʻoilo.
Mea ʻai falcon Peregrine
ʻAneʻane ʻo 98% o ka papaʻai peregrine falcon kahi meaʻai e komo pū ana me nā manu i paʻa i ka lewa. ʻO nā pēpē, nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, nā ptarmigans, nā manu lauoho ʻē aʻe a me nā pheasants e pāʻani pinepine i kā lākou kuleana. I nā kūlanakauhale, hoʻopau nā falcons peregrine i kahi nui o nā nūnū. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hoʻowahāwahā ka falcon peregrine i nā holoholona ʻāina liʻiliʻi, e laʻa me nā rodents.
Luu maoli kēia falcon ikaika mai kahi kiʻekiʻe a paʻi i ka manu e hoʻokūʻi iā ia, a laila pepehi iā ia ma ka haki ʻana i kona ʻāʻī. Perezine falcon maʻamau i nā manu e kū ana i ka nui mai kahi manu i ka pheasant a i ʻole ʻāpala nui, a ʻai i kekahi manawa i nā mea ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi e like me nā kestrels a i ʻole passerines. ʻAʻole makaʻu ʻo ia e hoʻouka i nā manu ʻoi aku ka nui e like me pelicans.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
He manu mehameha ʻo Peregrine Falcon. Akā i ka wā hānau, ʻohi lākou i kahi kāne na lākou ma kahi kiʻekiʻe, a maoli - i ka lewa. Hana ʻia nā kuikahi e kahi falcon peregrine no ke ola, ʻoiai he mau manu monogamous kēia.
Noho ka lua o ka hopena i kahi e kiaʻi pono ʻia mai nā manu ʻē aʻe a me nā mea ʻino. Hiki i ka wahi o ia teritori ke noho a 10 mau kilomika kūlike.
He mea hoihoi loa nā manu a me nā koʻokoʻo, nā waiwai o ke kūleʻa peregrine i nā kūlana maʻamau, akā ke noho nei ma kahi kokoke i kona pūnana, palekana loa mai nā mea komo a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea ʻaʻole e alualu kēia mau falcon i ka ʻāina kūloko, ʻoiai e palekana ana iā ia mai nā hoʻouka waho.
ʻO ka hoʻomoe ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā hua i nā wahine i ka hopena o ka puna - ke kauwela mua. ʻO kā lākou helu he ʻekolu mau, ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā hua manu he chestnut ʻeleʻele. Hāʻawi ʻia ka makuakāne i ka kuleana o ka mea ʻai a me ka mea pale. Noho ka makuahine me nā keiki hānau hou, hāʻawi iā lākou i ka mehana a me ka mālama e pono ai. Mai ka wā kamaliʻi mai, hānai ʻia nā pēpē me nā olonā o ka ʻiola pāʻani i mea e aʻo liʻiliʻi ai iā lākou e ʻimi kūʻokoʻa. I ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina, hoʻāʻo nā falcons peregrine e hana i nā pale mua o ko lākou mau ʻēheu, hoʻoikaika mau a uhi makaʻu ʻia me nā plumage, a i ka makahiki 3 ua mākaukau lākou e hana i kā lākou mau hui ponoʻī.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ka Falcon peregrine i nā mea hoʻoulu hulu, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka nui. Nānā pinepine nā mea ʻike maka i kēia falcon koa alualu ma hope o nā ʻaeto, nā buzzards a me nā kites. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hana he mobbing.
Noho ka falcon peregrine i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe i waena o ka hierarchy o nā manu lele, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā manu makua ke ʻenemi. Eia nō naʻe, mai poina e pili ana i nā moa pale ʻole, hiki ke lilo i mau maka o nā manu ʻelua a me nā mea ʻaihue ʻāina.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ua hele ka Falcon peregrine ma waena o kahi heluna nui o ka heluna kanaka ma waena o 1940 a me 1970 ma muli o ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana o nā pesticides organochlorine, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o ke kino o nā manu makua a alakaʻi i ko lākou make a i ʻole kahi deterioration i ka maikaʻi o ka egghell, kahi mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻohua i ka genus.
ʻO ka pana, hoʻokauwa ʻana i nā manu a me ka lāʻau make ka mea o ka wā kahiko. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana palena ʻia ʻia kekahi o nā pesticides e hōʻino ai i ka heluna perconto falcon a kapu loa ʻia paha. Eia nō naʻe, eia nō nā hanana o ka hoʻokauwā manu ʻana i nā manu. ʻO kēia pono ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā kānaka ma muli o ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana o ka falcon peregrine no ke kumu o ka falconry.
ʻO Peregrine falcon i kēia manawa he kūlana ʻepekema kiʻekiʻe a me ka nohona kaiāulu, a pale ʻia e kekahi mau kānāwai lahui a kūwaho hoʻi. ʻO ka pāpā ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā pesticides organochlorine, me nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai nā manu hānai pio, ua kōkua i ka lāhui e loaʻa i kekahi ʻano ulu o nā wahi he nui o kāna laulā.
ʻOiai ʻo kēia, ke hoʻomau ʻia nei ka noiʻi a me nā hana e mālama ai i ka falcon peregrine falcon. ʻO nā mea nui e hiki mai ana e pili ana i ka pono o nā hana hou e hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻāpana ulu lāʻau o ka manu ma Central a me ka Hikina o ʻEulopa, a me ka pale a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā wahi noho. A hiki i kēia manawa, aia kahi pilikia nui o ka hoʻomāinoino kū ʻole i nā falcon peregrine, ma muli o ka hana kūpono ʻole o nā keʻena mālama kānāwai.
E like me nā manu manu lele, ua kuʻi ikaika ʻia kēia mau falcon e ka luku ʻana i ka nohona a me ka lāʻau make ʻole. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia, e like me nā ʻaeto ʻōhule, ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka heluna hela peregrine e hoʻōla piha. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻonui ka nui o kā lākou helu e noʻonoʻo ai no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana mai ka papa inoa pekelala o nā ʻano mea ʻane pau.
