ʻO ka katran, a ʻīlio kai paha (Squalus acanthias), he manō laha ākea e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā manō manō a me ka ʻohana manō Katran mai ke kauoha Katraniform. ʻO ka mea e noho ana i nā wai mehana o nā kīʻaha o nā moana āpau o ka honua, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, loaʻa ma kahi hohonu o 1460 mau mika. I kēia lā, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka pae o 160-180 cm.
Ka wehewehe o katran
ʻO ka katran, a ʻīlio kai paha, kekahi o nā ʻano manō maʻamau o ko mākou honua i kēia lā. ʻIke ʻia kekahi kamaʻāina wai i nā inoa:
- katran maʻamau;
- manō manamana maʻamau;
- manō kiko spiny;
- mano manō;
- mano manō kikū;
- one katran;
- katran hema;
- marigold.
Nui ka hoihoi o ka ʻīlio kai no ka haʻuki a me ka lawaiʻa kālepa ʻana no ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi ʻano pilau amonia kikoʻī o nā ʻano manō ʻē aʻe.
Helehelena
Me nā manō ʻē aʻe he nui, he kino kahawai ko ka manō manō pōkole i manaʻo ʻia ʻo kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa no nā iʻa nui. Hiki ke kino o kahi katran i ka lōʻihi o 150-160 cm, akā no ka hapanui o ka poʻe i ka nui o ka nui ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i hoʻokahi mika. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻīlio kai wahine ma mua o nā kāne.... Mahalo i ka iwi iwi iwi, ua hoʻomālamalama ʻia ke kaupaona o ka manō, me ka nānā ʻole i nā ʻano o ka makahiki o ka meʻa.
He kino lōʻihi a lahilahi ko Katrans, e ʻae iā lākou e ʻokiʻoki i ka wai me ka maʻalahi a me ka wikiwiki a neʻe me ka wikiwiki e lawa ai. Mahalo i ka huelo maha-lau, hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻokele a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka iʻa iʻa i loko o ka wai e ʻike maʻalahi ʻia. Uhi ʻia ka ʻili o ke katran i nā unahi placoid liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻaoʻao i hope pinepine i ka waihoʻoluʻu hina poʻohiwi ʻōuli, kahi e loaʻa ai nā wahi keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi i kekahi manawa.
ʻO ka ihu o kahi manō pōkole pōkā spiny me kahi kiko i ʻike ʻia. ʻO ka mamao maʻamau mai ka piko pono o ka ihu a i ka waha he ʻaneʻane 1.3 mau manawa ka laulā o ka waha. Aia nā maka ma kahi o ka mamao like mai ka wili mua a me ka piko o ka ihu. Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā puka ihu i ka piko o ka ihu. Kū like nā niho o ka manō manamana ma nā āe ʻelua, ʻoiʻoi a unimodal, aia ma nā lālani he nui. ʻO kahi mea kaua ʻoi loa a weliweli hoʻi e ʻae i ka mea ʻoki e ʻoki a haehae i nā meaʻai i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.
Aia nā wili ʻoi loa ma kahi kokoke i ke kumu o nā finina dorsal. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka iwi mua ma mua o ka fin dorsal, akā pili ia me kona kumu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka iwi kuamoʻo e ka lōʻihi i hoʻonui ʻia; no laila, like ia i ke kiʻekiʻe me ka lua dorsal fin, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka fin mua.
Hoihoi ia! Ma kahi o ke poʻo o kahi keʻokeʻo maʻamau, ma kahi o ma luna o nā maka, aia kekahi lālā me nā lālā pōkole, a i ʻole nā mea i kapa ʻia he lobes.
ʻAʻohe ka fin fin i loko o ka ʻīlio kai. Nui aʻe ka nui o nā peʻa pectoral, me kahi ʻaoʻao caudal concave ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke pelvic fins kahi kumu kokoke i ka lua dorsal fin.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Hāʻawi ʻia kahi kuleana kūikawā i ka orienteering o kahi manō i nā palena pau ʻole o ke kai i kahi ʻokana nui - ka laina pili... Mahalo ia i kēia meaola kū hoʻokahi i hiki i nā iʻa predatory nui ke manaʻo i kekahi, a ʻo ka liʻiliʻi paha, ka haʻalulu o ka ʻilikai. ʻO ke ʻano o ka pilau o ka manō ma muli o nā lua - nā puka ihu kūikawā e hele pololei i ka pharynx o ka iʻa.
Hiki i kahi manō prickly prickly ma kahi mamao loa ke kiʻi maʻalahi i kahi mea kūikawā i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e kahi mea makaʻu makaʻu. Hōʻike ka helehelena o ka mea ʻaʻa kai i kahi neʻe kupaianaha, ka hiki ke hoʻomohala koke i kahi wikiwiki kūpono a alualu i kāna mea pio a hiki i ka hopena. ʻAʻole hoʻouka kaua ʻo Katrans i kekahi kanaka, no laila ʻaʻole makaʻu kēia kanaka noho wai i nā kānaka.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o Katran
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea he nui i ʻike ʻia, lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka manō manō maʻamau, a hiki pinepine i ka hapaha kenekulia.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻAʻole hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka dimorphism moekolohe i nā mākua a me nā ʻīlio ʻōpio ʻōpio a hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻokoʻa i ka nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kāne kāne katrans, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka mika, a ʻo ka nui o ke kino o ka wahine katrans ma mua o ka 100 cm. Maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi manō prickly a katran e ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi fin anal, kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o nā kāne a me nā wahine o kēia ʻano.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka katran he ākea loa ia, no laila aia kahi nui o nā wahi i ka moana honua kahi kahi manawa kūpono e ʻike ai i nā mea kū wai. Mai nā panalāʻau o Greenland a i Argentina, mai ke kapakai o Iceland a i nā Canary Islands, ma nā ʻĀina ʻĀnia a me ka Pākīpika, kokoke i nā kapakai o Iāpana a me ʻAukekulelia, ua loaʻa nā manō liʻiliʻi iki.
Eia nō naʻe, makemake lākou e hōʻalo i ke anuanu a mehana loa o ka wai, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hālāwai me kēia mea noho wai i ka Arctic a i ka Antarctica, a me nā kai kai wela. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia nā hihia o ka neʻe lōʻihi ʻana o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka manō manō maʻamau.
Hoihoi ia! Ma ka papa o ka wai, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i kahi ʻīlio kai a i ʻole katrana wale nō i ka pō a i ʻole i ka wā kau ʻole, ke kokoke ke ana wela o ka wai i 15оС.
Ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, manaʻo nui nā manō kakalaioa i ka wai o ka Black, Okhotsk a me ke kai ʻo Bering. Ma ke ʻano he makemake, ʻaʻole makemake nā iʻa e neʻe mai kahi mamao loa mai ke kahakai, akā i ke kaʻina o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, lawe ʻia aku ke katrans, no laila hiki iā lākou ke ʻau i loko o ke kai ākea. ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā lunamakaʻāinana e noho i nā papa o ke kai o lalo, a i kekahi manawa e komo i kahi hohonu hohonu, kahi e ʻākoakoa ai i nā kula liʻiliʻi.
ʻAiʻai Katran
Hōʻike ʻia ke kumu o ka papaʻai o katrans e nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole, e like me ka cod, sardine a me ka herring, a me nā ʻano crustacea āpau i ke ʻano o nā pāpaʻi a me nā ʻōpae. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo nā cephalopods, kahi e komo ai ka heʻe a me ka heʻe, a me nā ilo a me kekahi mau holoholona ʻē aʻe e alakaʻi ana i kahi nohona benthic, lilo i pio o ka manō manamana maʻamau.
I kekahi manawa e ʻai pono ka manō mākua i ka jellyfish, a ʻaʻole nō hoʻi e ʻalo i ka limu.... Ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o nā iʻa pio like ʻole, hiki i nā manō manō i kekahi mau wahi noho ke hana i nā neʻe nui. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma kahakai ʻAkelanika o ʻAmelika, a ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka wai o ke kai o Iapana, hele nui nā ʻīlio kai i kahi mamao.
Hoihoi ia! I loko o ka wai kahi o ka nui o nā manō kakalaioa, hoʻopōʻino nā kai kū moana pēlā i ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ʻoiai hiki i nā katrans nui ke ʻai i ka iʻa ma nā makau a me nā ʻupena, e ʻūlū ma nā mea i ulana ʻia a haki nā ʻupena.
I ke kau anuanu, hoʻāʻo nā ʻōpio a me nā katrans makua e pili pū, e hāʻule ana he 100-200 mau mika mai luna. Ma kahi hohonu, mālama ʻia kahi hoʻomehana mahana no ka noho ʻana a me ka hopu holoholona, a lawa nō hoʻi ka nui o ka mackerel lio a me ka heleuma. I ke kau wela nui, hiki i katrans ke ʻimi ʻimi i ke keʻokeʻo i kahi ʻohana.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka hana kope ʻana o kēlā me kēia manō, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai iā lākou mai nā iʻa iwi like ʻole, ka hiki o ka hoʻoulu kūloko. Pili nā katrans a pau i ka waeʻano o ovoviviparous. Hana ʻia nā pāʻani mānoanoa o ka manō ma kahi hohonu o 40 mika. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua hoʻomohala i ke kino o nā wahine, aia ma loko o nā capsule kūikawā. Loaʻa paha i kēlā me kēia capsule gelatinous kūlohelohe e pili ana i nā hua he 3-15 me ke anawaena o 40 mm.
Hāpai nā wahine i nā keiki no kahi manawa lōʻihi loa. ʻO kēia ka hāpai hāpai lōʻihi loa ma waena o nā manō e kū nei i hiki ke hala mai 18 a 22 mau mahina. Koho ʻia kahi no ka hatching o nā ʻōpio kokoke i ke kahakai. Hiki i nā pua a kahi wahine manō manō kūloko ke hoʻopili ʻia i 6-5 fry. ʻO nā manō hānau hou he mau uhi cartilaginous kūikawā ma ke kākalaioa, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e hana ʻino i ko lākou makua. ʻO kēlā mau hihia e hoʻolei ʻia ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana.
Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka manō katran hānau i 20-26 knm. Ke hoʻomākaukau mua nei nā hua mua no ka hānau ʻana, ua ʻē aʻe kahi ʻāpana o nā hua i loko o nā ovaries o ka wahine.
Ma nā panalāʻau ʻākau, ʻike ʻia ka hua o ia mea ʻaihue ma waena o ka puna, a i loko o ka wai o ke kai o Iapana, hānau ʻia ka manō i loko o nā makahiki he 10 i hala ʻo ʻAukake. I ka wā mua, hānai nā manō manō spiny i kahi ʻeke yolk kūikawā, e mālama ana i kahi lako kūpono o nā meaola kūpono.
Hoihoi ia! Ke ulu nei ʻo katrans, a me nā ʻano manō ʻē aʻe, aloha nui loa, a hāʻawi ʻia ka hanu e kahi nui o ka ikehu, a ʻo ka nalo ʻana o ia mea e hana mau ʻia e ka meaʻai.
Hiki ke ola a kūʻokoʻa nā keiki i hānau ʻia i ka honua, no laila hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa manuahi i nā meaʻai e pono ai na lākou iho. I ka makahiki he ʻumikūmākahi wale nō, hiki i nā kāne o ka manō manō spiny a i ʻole katran i kahi lōʻihi o ke kino o 80 cm a lilo i moekolohe piha. Hiki i nā wahine o nā ʻelele o kēia laha ke hānau keiki i hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa, e hiki ana i kahi mika ka lōʻihi.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He ʻike kiʻekiʻe ko nā manō āpau, ʻike ʻia e ka maʻalea maoli a me ka mana kūlohelohe, akā i ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe ʻaʻole lākou i "poʻe makemake ʻole" wale nō, akā ʻike pū kekahi me nā hoa paio. ʻO nā ʻenemi ʻino loa o nā manō ma ke kūlohelohe ke ola wai nui loa, i kū ʻia e nā koholā. kohola kohola... Eia kekahi, hoʻohuli maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka lehulehu e nā kānaka a me ka iʻa hedgehog, hiki ke ālai i ka ʻāʻī o ka manō me kā lākou mau nila a me ko lākou kino, a make ia i ka pōloli.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Pili ʻo Katrans i ka mahele o nā predator aquatic lehulehu, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka heluna kanaka o kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, he waiwai waiwai kēlā ʻano kamaʻāina wai, a ʻo ka ake o ka manō he waiwai e kōkua me kekahi ʻano oncology.
