ʻO kēia artiodactyl lokomaikaʻi e like me ka hua o ke aloha ma waena o kahi giraffe a me kahi ʻanela, i hōʻike ʻia i ka inoa - giraffe gazelle, a i ʻole gerenuk (i unuhi ʻia mai Somali mai ʻo "ka ʻāʻī giraffe").
Ka wehewehe o gerenouk
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pili ka antelope ʻApelika laikini me ka inoa Litocranius walleri (gerenuch) i ka giraffe, akā hōʻike i ka ʻohana o nā antelope maoli a me kahi genit kaʻawale Litocranius. Loaʻa iā ia hoʻokahi inoa hou - Waller gazelle.
Helehelena
He helehelena ko ka Gerenuch - he kino ku pono, nā wīwī a me ke poʻo haʻaheo i kau ʻia ma ka ʻāʻī elongated... ʻAʻole hōʻino ʻia ka manaʻo laulā e nā pepeiao oval nui, i hoʻonani ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao o loko me kahi kāhiko ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo. Ma muli o nā pepeiao ākea a hoʻolohe i nā maka nunui, me he mea lā ke hoʻolohe mau nei ka gerenuk. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi holoholona makua mai ke poʻo a ka hiʻu ʻo 1.4-1.5 mau mika me ka ulu ʻana ma kahi e mae ai ma kahi o 1 mika (plus - minus 10 cm) a kaupaona ʻia a 50 kg. ʻO ka ʻāʻī o ka giraffe gazelle, pāpale ʻia me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā antelope ʻē aʻe.
Hoihoi ia! Ke pale aku nei i ke kaohi o ke kino, ua like ke poʻo me ka pua o waho me kāna mau pepeiao hoʻohālikelike a me kahi muʻu i pena ʻia, kahi e hōʻike nui ʻia ai nā maka, ka lae a me ka ihu i keʻokeʻo. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ke kala o ka gerenuch he camouflage (ʻeleʻele hoʻi a me nā lālā), e kōkua iā ia e hui pū me ka ʻāina ʻōiwi, a me ke kala keʻokeʻo, koe wale nō ke poʻo, uhi ka underbelly holoʻokoʻa a me ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā wāwae.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka "noho lio" ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula e kahi laina mālamalama mai ke kumu, ke one one o ke kino, e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka ʻāʻī a me nā lālā o ka gerenuch. ʻIke ʻia nā wahi huluhulu ʻeleʻele i ka huelo, nā hōkū, kokoke i nā maka, ma luna o nā pepeiao a ma ka lae. ʻO nā pepeiaohao, ka haʻaheo o nā kāne makua kolohe, i loaʻa nā ʻano ʻano ʻē - mai ka paʻa mua a hiki i nā hoʻonohonoho S hoihoi, ke wili ʻia nā kihi o nā pepeiaohao hope a me / a i ʻole e ʻāwīwī i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Gerenuka he holoholona nohona, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hele hewa kēia mau antelope i loko o nā kau nui a ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka launa pū nui ʻana. ʻO nā hui ʻohana nunui, a i 10 mau holoholona, hana wahine me nā keiki bipi, a noho ʻokoʻa nā kāne makua, e pili ana i nā palena o kā lākou ʻāina ponoʻī. Kaha ʻia nā palena me kahi huna i hana ʻia e ka preorbital gland: nā lāʻau a me nā laʻalāʻau e ulu ana ma ke anapuni e kāpīpī ʻia me kahi wai ʻaʻala.
Pāpā loa ʻia ke komo ʻana i nā kāne ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo nā wahine me nā holoholona ʻōpio e hele manuahi i ka savannah, e neʻe ana mai kahi pūnaewele a kahi pūnaewele. ʻO nā kāne ʻōpio, i ʻauana aʻe mai ko lākou makuahine aku, akā ʻaʻole i ulu a kūʻokoʻa i ka hana hou ʻana, hana i nā hui kāne hoʻokahi, kahi a lākou e hui ai a hiki i ke oʻo piha.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hele aku nā gerenuks i ke anuanu, i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, e hoʻomaha ana i ke awakea ma lalo o ka malu o nā lāʻau laha ʻole.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO Gerenuk, ʻokoʻa i nā antelope ʻē aʻe, ʻike i ke kū ʻana ma nā wāwae ʻelua, ke kū pololei ʻana i kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a hoʻolilo ka hapa nui o ka lā i kēia kūlana. ʻO ke kūlana kūikawā o nā hui pūhaka e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike no ka manawa lōʻihi.
I nā kau maloʻo lōʻihi a i nā wahi semi-arid, ʻaʻole e ʻeha ka gerenuks i ka make wai loa.... No kahi ola maʻamau, lawa lākou i ka momona i nā hua a me nā lau momona. ʻO kēia ke kumu e haʻalele iki ai ʻo gerenuks i nā wahi maloʻo, ʻoiai ke koi ʻia nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e hele e ʻimi i ka wai hoʻōla.
Ehia mau ola gerenuk
ʻOkoʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ola o nā giraffe gazelles: kapa ʻia kekahi mau kumuwaiwai i ka helu "10", ʻōlelo kekahi e pili ana i nā makahiki he 12-14. Wahi a nā nānā a nā meaolaola, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ola o nā holoholona e noho nei i nā pā holoholona.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻOi aku ka nui a kiʻekiʻe ke kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe awelika o kahi kāne kāne he 0.9-1.05 m me ka nui o 45-52 kg, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ulu nā wahine ma mua o 0.8-1 m i nā mea mae wale me ke kaumaha o 30 kg. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ʻia kahi kāne makua kāne moekolohe mai kahi mamao aku e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna mau pepeiaohao ākea ākea (a i 30 cm ka lōʻihi): i nā wahine ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia kikoʻī kūwaho.
ʻAno Gerenuque
Hana ka ʻenemi gazela i 2 mau mea ʻohana.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kekahi mau zizologists ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa.
- gerenouk hema (Litocranius walleri walleri) kahi ʻāpana inoa nominative i hāʻawi ʻia ma Kenya, ma ka hikina hikina ʻo Tanzania a me ka hema o Somalia (a hiki i ka muliwai Webi-Shabelle);
- Gerenuk ʻĀkau (Litocranius walleri sclateri) - e noho ana ma ka hema o Djibouti, ma ka hema a me ka hikina o ʻAitiopa, ma ka ʻākau a ma ke kikowaena o Somalia (hikina o ka muliwai Webi-Shabelle).
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Uhi ka pae o ka gerenuka i nā ʻāpana steppe a me nā puʻu mai ʻAtiopia a me Somalia a i nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Tanzania.
Hoihoi ia! I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻike ʻia nā gazira giraffe, i hoʻohihi ʻia e ko ʻAigupita kahiko, noho ʻia ma Sudan a me ʻAigupita, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā kālai pōhaku i loaʻa ma Wadi Sab (kapa kūpono o ka Nile) a ma ka lā 4000–2900. BC e
I kēia manawa, loaʻa nā gerenuks ma nā ʻāina kai ʻaʻā a maloʻo hoʻi, a me nā steppes maloʻo a haʻahaʻa paha, ma nā pāpū, nā puʻu a i ʻole nā mauna ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.6 km. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Gerenuk i nā ululāʻau nui a wehe ākea i nā wahi me ka nui o ka mauʻu, makemake i nā wahi i ulu ʻia me nā mea kanu ulu.
ʻO kā Gerenuch papaʻai
Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Gerenuk i ke ola i kahi kaiaolaola paʻakikī, kahi e hoʻokūkū ai nā ʻano mea he nui i kekahi i kekahi no ka meaʻai like a i ʻole no ka lako wai lawa.
Ua aʻo nā gazela Giraffe e ola ma muli o ko lākou hiki ʻole ke kaulike ma ko lākou mau wāwae hope, a hiki i nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe loa - pua, lau, ʻōpuʻu a me nā ʻōpuʻu e ulu ana ma nā piko o nā kumulāʻau, kahi hiki ʻole i nā antelope pōkole a ʻoi aku hoʻi ka weliweli.
No kēia mea, hoʻonui nui nā gerenuks i ka lōʻihi o nā lālā a me ka ʻāʻī, a loaʻa pū kekahi i kahi alelo (e like me ka giraffe), elongated a me nā lehelehe maʻalahi e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻopaʻa i nā lālā ʻoiʻoi. ʻO kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi a haiki hoʻi, kahi e ʻūlū māmā i nā pua kala o ka acacia, a kōkua pū kekahi e ʻalo i nā kākalaioa.
E kiʻi i nā lālā kiʻekiʻe loa, piʻi aʻe ka gerenuk ma kona mau lālā hope, huki iki i kona poʻo i hope a hele i ka ʻai, ʻohi ʻana i nā lau i loaʻa. Hāʻawi ka hohola (i ka manawa kūpono) o ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ulu, mahalo i hiki i ka gerenuk ke ʻahaʻaina i nā lau i hiki ʻole i ka mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai - ka antelope wāwae ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hopu holoholona kolohe ʻana o nā gerenuks, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, i ke kau ua, akā ma ka nui o ka nui o ka waihona meaʻai... ʻO ka nui o nā mea kanu kūpono no ka meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā pāʻani aloha. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā kāne e hoʻomomona i ka nui o nā hoa, ʻo ia ke kumu a lākou e hoʻāʻo ʻole ai e haʻalele i nā wahine i ko lākou panalāʻau i ka wā rutting.
Hoihoi ia! Ke hui ka wahine me kahi kāne pīhoihoi, kaomi ʻo ia i kona mau pepeiao i kona poʻo, a kaha ʻo ia i kona hiʻupuʻu me kāna mea huna. Inā makemake ka wahine i ka moekolohe, mimiki koke ʻo ia e maopopo ai i ka ipo e pili ana i kona mākaukau e ka ʻaʻala ʻole o ka mimi. Inā exudes ka mimi i ka pilau pono, uhi ke kāne i ka wahine, akā ʻaʻole kaʻana like i ka hassle o ka hāpai ʻana, ke hele nei e ʻimi i nā hanana aloha hou.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o kahi gerenuch ma kahi o ʻeono mau mahina, e pau me ka hānau ʻana o hoʻokahi, kākaʻikahi loa - ʻelua mau keiki. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana, hoʻāʻo ka wahine e neʻe aku mai ka hui aku, e ʻimi ana i kahi wahi mālie, ma waena pinepine o ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe. Ke hānau ke keiki (ke kaupaona ma kahi o 3 kg), palu ka makuahine iā ia a i ka manawa like e ʻai i ka hānau hānau, i ʻole e hoʻowalewale i nā mea ʻino.
ʻO nā hebedoma mua ʻelua e moe ana ka bipi keiki ma kahi hoʻokahi, a hele mai ka makuahine iā ia i 3-4 mau manawa i ka lā no ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Ke kāhea nei i ka bipi keiki, pume mālie ka wahine. A laila hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e ala aʻe (e hoʻonui mālie nei i ke alapine o kāna mau hoʻāʻo) a hāhai i kona makuahine. I ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki he ʻekolu, ua ʻamaʻama nā ʻōpio i ka meaʻai paʻa, haʻalele hapa i ka waiū o ka makuahine.
Hana ʻia ka hānau ma nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā manawa like ʻole: wehe nā hiki hānau o nā wahine a ma kahi o 1 makahiki, i nā kāne - e 1.5 mau makahiki. Eia kekahi, noho mau nā kāne makua me ko lākou makuahine a kokoke i 2 mau makahiki, ʻoiai e loaʻa i nā wahine ke kūʻokoʻa piha me ka momona.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
E haʻalele maʻalahi kahi antelope makua mai ka poʻe alualu i ke ʻano o ka wikiwiki (a hiki i 70 km / h) a me ka maneuverability. ʻO ka holoholona wale nō i hiki ke ʻumeʻume e hopu i ka giraffe gazelle ka cheetah.
Hoihoi ia! Ua luhi koke ʻo Gerenuk i ka holo ʻana (ma hope o ʻelua mau mile) a hele i waho no 5 km, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia e ka frisky e like me ka cheetah, akā ʻike ʻia ka hyena paʻakikī me kahi ʻīlio like hyena. Ke alualu nei kēia mau mea ʻaʻa ikaika i ka antelope a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka luhi.
ʻO nā ʻenemi ʻē aʻe o nā gerenuke, nā liona a me nā leopadi, e hoʻohana i nā hana kali a kali, e kakali ana no ka mea i hoʻohālua ʻia. Ke nānā nei i ka makaʻu, kū nā hau kaʻi hau a hoʻāʻo e hui pū me ke kaiapuni. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokohukohu i kahi nahele, lele koke ka gerenuk, e hohola ana i kona ʻāʻī i ka honua. ʻOi aku ka ʻenemi o nā keiki bipi Gerenuch, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke holo wikiwiki a holo, inā hiki, i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe. Makemake nui lākou e ʻai no kēlā me kēia mea e ʻimi holoholona ana i ko lākou mau mākua, a me nā meaola liʻiliʻi hoʻi, e like me nā ʻāpala pepeiao ʻApelika, nā aeto kaua, nā baboons a me nā ʻīlio hae.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Litocranius walleri (gerenuk) i loko o ka IUCN Red List ma ke ʻano he ʻano kokoke e hiki aku i ka paepae o ka nāwaliwali... Wahi a ka IUCN, ua hōʻole ka heluna nui o nā giraffe gazelles mai ka makahiki 2002 a hiki i ka 2016 (ma luna o ʻekolu hanauna) ma ka liʻiliʻi he 25%.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomau ka emi ʻana, kahi e kōkua nui ʻia e nā mea anthropogenic:
- ke kua ʻana i nā lāʻau (no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka wahie a me ka nānahu);
- hoʻonui i nā wahi holoholona;
- hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka nohona;
- ʻimi holoholona.
Hoʻohui ʻia, nā kaua he nui a me nā hakakā civila e kū nei ma luna o ka hapa nui o nā laha i Ogaden a me Somalia ka hewa no ka nalowale o nā Gerenuks. Ua ola ʻo Antelope ma aneʻi me ka nele loa o nā hana palekana mai nā luna, akā ʻo ka lehulehu nui i kēia manawa e noho nei ma ka hema komohana o ʻAitiopa, a ma ka ʻākau a me ka hikina o Kenya. Ua pālahalaha nā gazira ziraffe ma Kilimanjaro Komohana a maʻa mau ma nā wahi kokoke i Lake Natron, Tanzania.
Mea nui! Wahi a nā koho IUCN, i kēia lā wale nō 10% o ka heluna gerenuch i nā wahi pale. Ma aneʻi e hiki ai ke hoʻokūpaʻa i ka helu o nā antelope, inā ʻaʻole no ka hoʻopilikia kūlohelohe o ke kūlohelohe. No laila, ma muli o ka maloʻo a me ka rinderpest, ua emi iho nei ka heluna kanaka o Tsavo National Park (Kenya).
Wanana nā Conservationists inā mau ka maikaʻi ʻole o ke au, e nalo ana ke gerenuk mai ka hapa nui o kāna pae... ʻAʻole e lohi wale ka make ʻana o nā holoholona, akā paʻakikī hoʻi i ka helu ʻana. He paʻakikī e helu i nā mea ʻelua mai ka honua a mai ka lewa ma muli o kā lākou neʻe a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā hui ʻohana, nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kala mimicry. E like me ka 2017, ka heluna nui o nā laha he 95 tausani kānaka.
