ʻO Tarbosaurs he mau ʻelele o ka genus o nā pilikua nui, nā dinosaur like me ka moʻo mai ka ʻohana Tyrannosaurid, i noho i ke au ʻo Cretaceous o luna i nā panalāʻau o Kina a me Mongolia i kēia manawa. Ua ola ʻo Tarbosaurs, e like me ka ʻepekema, ma kahi o 71-65 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka genus Tarbosaurus no ka hui Lizard-like, ka papa Reptiles, ka superorder Dinosaurs, a me ka subopher Theropods a me ka superfamily Tyrannosaurus.
Hōʻike o Tarbosaurus
Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau mea āpau mai ka makahiki 1946 no kekahi mau kakini Tarbosaurus i hiki ke hana hou i ke ʻano o kēia moʻo nunui a huki i kekahi mau hopena e pili ana i ka nohona a me nā loli i ke kaʻina o ka evolution. Ke hāʻawi nei i ka nui i nā tyrannosaurs, ʻo nā tarbosaur kekahi o nā tyrannosaurids nui loa i kēlā manawa.
ʻIke, nā ana
Kokoke ʻo Tarbosaurs i nā tyrannosaurs i ko lākou helehelena ma mua o Albertosaurus a i ʻole Gorgosaurus... Ua ʻike ʻia ka moʻo nui e ke kumukānāwai nui aʻe, kahi iwi poʻo nui a me nā kaulike, lawa ka lōʻihi o ka ilia, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻelele o ka lālā ʻelua o ka ʻohana e ulu nei, e like me ka Gorgosaurus a me Albertosaurus. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi ʻo T. bataar ma ke ʻano he ʻano tyrannosaurs. Ua kū kēia kuhi manaʻo ma hope koke iho o ka loaʻa ʻana, a me kekahi o nā haʻawina hope.
Hoihoi ia! Ma o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi lua o nā koena archaeological i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi ʻano hou o Alioramus i hōʻoia ʻia ʻo Alioramus he ʻano kū hoʻokahi, ʻokoʻa loa mai Tarbosaurus.
ʻO ka iwi iwi o Tarbosaurus ka mea nui ikaika. ʻO ke kala o ka ʻili scaly, a me nā tyrannosaurs, ʻokoʻa iki e pili ana i nā kūlana a me ke kaiapuni. Kupaianaha nā ana o ka moʻo. Ua hiki aku ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua he ʻumikūmālua mau mika, akā ma ka awelika, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ua mau mea ʻino nei ma mua o 9.5 m ka lōʻihi. Ua piʻi ka kiʻekiʻe o nā tarbosaurs i 580 knm me ke kaupaona o ke kino he 4,5-6.0 mau tona. Ua kiʻekiʻe ka iwi poʻo o kahi moʻo nunui, akā ʻaʻole ākea. , kahi nui i ka nui, a i 125-130 cm ka lōʻihi.
He ʻano kaulike ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ua mau mea ʻino nei, akā he lohe maikaʻi ko ka moʻo a me ke ʻano o ka pilau, a lilo ia i mea hahai holoholona ʻokoʻa ʻole. He mau ā ikaika a ikaika hoʻi ko ka holoholona nui, i lako pono me nā niho ʻoi loa. Ua ʻike ʻia ka Tarbosaurus e ke kū ʻana o ʻelua mau wāwae mua pōkole, a ʻo ka hopena ua paʻa ia i nā manamana wāwae he ʻelua me nā māiʻuʻu. Ua hoʻopau ʻelua mau wāwae hope ikaika a ikaika loa o ka predator me nā manamana lima ʻekolu. ʻO ke kaulike ke hele a holo hoʻi i hāʻawi ʻia e kahi huelo lōʻihi e lawa ai.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO nā tarbosaur Asia, me nā tyrannosaurs e pili ana, na kā lākou hiʻohiʻona nui āpau e pili ana i ka mahele o nā predators teritori mehameha. Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka ʻōlelo a kekahi poʻe ʻepekema, i kekahi mau manawa o ko lākou ola, hiki i nā moʻo nunui ke hopu pū me ko lākou wahi kokoke.
ʻO ka hapanui o nā manawa, ʻimi nā mea ʻiʻo makua i kahi pālua me kahi kāne a wahine paha, a me nā keiki makua. Eia kekahi, ua manaʻo ʻia he hiki i ka hanauna hou ke hānai a aʻo i loko o ia mau hui i kekahi o nā kumu o ka meaʻai a me nā ʻano hana ola no kahi manawa lōʻihi.
Wā ola
I ka makahiki 2003, ua paʻi ʻia kahi kiʻi paʻi pepa i kapa ʻia ʻo In the Land of Giants ma ke kahawai BBC. Ua ʻike ʻia nā Tarbosaurs a noʻonoʻo ʻia i kāna ʻāpana ʻelua - "The Giant Claw", kahi a nā ʻepekema i puana ai i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka awelika o ke ola o ia mau holoholona. I ko lākou manaʻo, ua ola nā moʻo nunui ma kahi o iwakāluakūmālima, ʻoi paha kanakolu mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻO nā pilikia o ke alo o ka moekolohe dimorphism i nā dinosaurs i hoihoi ʻia i nā ʻepekema kūloko a me nā ʻāina ʻē no nā makahiki he ʻehiku a keu, akā i kēia lā ʻaʻohe ʻae i nā hiʻohiʻona e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka wahine mai kahi kāne e ka ʻike kūwaho.
ʻIke moʻolelo
I kēia lā, ʻo ke ʻano wale nō i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo Tarbosaurus bataar, a no ka manawa mua i ʻike ʻia ʻo Tarbosaurs i ka wā o ka Soviet-Mongolian huakaʻi i ka Umnegov aimag a me ka hoʻokumu Nemegt. ʻO ka loaʻa o kēlā manawa, i hōʻike ʻia e kahi iwi poʻo a me kekahi mau vertebrae, hāʻawi ʻia ka meaʻai no ka noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka paleontologist Lūkini kaulana ʻo Yevgeny Maleev i hōʻike mua i kahi ʻike ma ke kumu o kekahi ʻike e like me kahi ʻano hou o North American Tyrannosaurus - Tyrannnosaurus bataar, ka mea ma muli o ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia holotype i kahi helu e ʻike ai - PIN 551-1.
Hoihoi ia! Ma 1955, ua wehewehe ʻo Maleev i ʻekolu mau iwi poʻo hou no Tarbosaurus. Ua hoʻonui ʻia lākou āpau me nā ʻāpana iwi i loaʻa i ka huakaʻi ʻepekema like. I ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia nā nui liʻiliʻi o kēia mau kānaka ʻekolu.
ʻO ka mea i loaʻa me ka helu kuhikuhi PIN 551-2 i loaʻa i ka inoa kikoʻī ʻo Tyrannosaurus efremovi, no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻepekema Lūkia kaulana a me ka paleontologist ʻo ʻIvan Efremov. ʻO nā laʻana me nā helu ʻike PIN 553-1 a me PIN 552-2 i hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi genus o ka American tyrannosaurid Gorgosaurus i kapa ʻia ʻo Gorgosаurus lancinator a me Gorgosаurus nоvojilovi.
Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa i ka makahiki 1965, ua waiho i kahi paleontologist Lūkini ʻo Anatoly Rozhdestvensky i kahi kuhiakau e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e Maleev i kahi ʻano like, aia ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana. Ma kēia kumu, no ka manawa mua, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻaʻole nā theropods āpau i kā lākou kumu, nā tyrannosaurs i kapa ʻia.
ʻO ia ka genus Rozhdestvensky hou i kapa ʻia ʻo "Tarbosaurus", akā waiho ʻia ka inoa kumu o kēia ʻano - Tarbosaurus bataar. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻopiha hou ʻia ka waihona me nā mea hou i lawe ʻia mai ka wao nahele ʻo Gobi. Nui nā mea kākau i ʻike i ka pololei o nā hopena i huki ʻia e Rozhdestvensky, akā ʻaʻole i kau ʻia ke kiko i ka ʻike.
Ua hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka moʻolelo i ka makahiki 1992, i ka manawa a ka mea paleontologist ʻAmelika Kenneth Carpenter, ka mea i aʻo pinepine i nā mea a pau i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, ua hāʻawi ʻia i kahi hopena kānalua ʻole ʻaʻole i lawa nā ʻokoʻa i hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻepekema ʻo Rozhdestvensky e wehewehe ai i ka mea ʻaihue i kekahi ʻano. ʻO ia ka Kenekela ʻAmelike ʻAmelika nāna i kākoʻo i nā hopena mua i huki ʻia e Maleev.
A ʻo kahi hopena, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hoʻohana Tarbosaurus āpau i kēlā manawa iā Tyrannosaurus bataar. ʻO ka mea koe wale nō ʻo Gorgosaurus novojilovi ma mua, kahi a Carpenter i wae ai ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa maleevosaurus (Maleevosaurus novojilovi).
Hoihoi ia! ʻOiai ʻoiai ʻaʻole aʻo maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Tarbosaurs i kēia manawa, e like me Tyrannosaurs, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia kahi waihona kūpono i loko o nā makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o kanakolu mau kikoʻī, me nā iwi poʻo he ʻumikūmālima a me kekahi mau iwi iwi hope.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ke kākoʻo ʻo Carpenter he mau makahiki he nui i ke kākoʻo ākea i nā puni ʻepekema. Eia kekahi, i ka hopena o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua ʻike ka American paleontologist ʻo Thomas Carr i ka ʻōpio ʻo Tarbosaurus ma Maleevosaurus. No laila, ʻike ka hapanui o ka poʻe loea i kēia manawa ʻo Tarbosaurus ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, no laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Tarbosaurus bataar i nā wehewehe hou a ma nā helu ʻepekema haole a me nā puke kūloko.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO nā Tarbosaurs pau ʻole i maʻa mau i nā panalāʻau e noho ʻia e Kina a me Mongolia. ʻO nā moʻo manamana nui nui i noho pinepine ʻia i nā ululāʻau. I ka wā maloʻo, hiki i ka tarbosaurs, ke keʻakeʻa me kekahi ʻano meaʻai i nā manawa paʻakikī, hiki ke piʻi i loko o nā wai o nā loko pāpaʻu, kahi i loaʻa ai nā kuhukukū, nā crocodile, a me nā caenagnatids wawae wikiwiki hoʻi.
ʻAiʻai ʻo Tarbosaurus
I ka waha o ka moʻo tarbosaurus, aia ma kahi o ʻeono mau kakini niho, ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 80-85 mm... Wahi a ka manaʻo o kekahi poʻe loea kaulana, he poʻe scavenger maʻamau nā kānaka nunui. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi iā lākou iho, akā ʻai i nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona make. Wehewehe nā kānaka ʻepekema i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo e nā hanana ʻano ʻē o ko lākou kino. Mai ka manaʻo o ka ʻepekema, ʻo kēia ʻano moʻo kolohe, ma ke ʻano he lunamakaʻāinana, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana ma luna o ka honua e alualu ai i kā lākou mea pio.
He kino nui ko Tarbosaurs, no laila, i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wikiwiki i ke kaʻina o ka holo ʻana, hiki i kahi predator nui ke hāʻule a loaʻa i nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi. Manaʻo kūpono ka nui o nā paleontologists ʻo ka wikiwiki i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka moʻo ʻaʻole paha ma mua o 30 km / h. ʻAʻole lawa ka wikiwiki e like me ka wikiwiki e ʻimi manuahi ai i ka mea pio. Eia kekahi, ua ʻilihune loa nā maka o nā moʻo kahiko a me nā iwi tibial pōkole. Hōʻike maopopo ʻia kēia ʻano kūkulu i ka lohi loa a me ka lohi o Tarbosaurs.
Hoihoi ia! Manaʻo ʻia he hiki i nā tarbosaurs ke alualu i nā holoholona kahiko e like me ka saurolophus, opistocelicaudia, protoceratops, therizinosaurus a me erlansaurus.
ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o nā mea noiʻi e hoʻokaʻawale i nā tarbosaurs ma ke ʻano he scavenger, ʻo ka manaʻo nui pinepine ʻo ia mau moʻo he mea ʻaihue hana maʻamau, noho ʻia kekahi o nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ke kaiaolaola, a ua ʻimi kūleʻa pū kekahi i nā dinosaurs nui nāhelehele. e noho nei i nā kahawai wai pulu.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ua waiho kahi wahine wahine makua wahine ʻo Tarbosaurus i mau hua, i waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pūnana i hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia a kiaʻi makaʻala nui ʻia e kahi mea ʻino nui. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē, pono ka wahine e haʻalele iā lākou a hele e ʻimi i kahi nui o nā meaʻai. Ua hānai kūʻokoʻa ka makuahine i kāna keiki, regurgitating i ka ʻiʻo o nā dinosaurs herbivorous i pepehi wale ʻia. Manaʻo ʻia he hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻoulu hou ma kahi o kanakolu a kanahā paha kilokika o ka meaʻai i ka manawa.
I ka pūnana, he hierarchy kūikawā kā nā cubs Tarbosaurus... I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki i nā moʻo ʻōpio ke hoʻokokoke i ka meaʻai a māʻona nā kaikuaʻana. Ma muli o ka ʻoki mau ʻana o nā Tarbosaurs makua i nā mea nāwaliwali a ʻōpio hoʻi o nā keiki mai ka meaʻai, ua emi mau ka nui o nā cubs i loko o ka brood. I ke kaʻina o kahi ʻano o ke koho kūlohelohe, ʻo nā Tarbosaur luckiest a me ka mana loa i oʻo a loaʻa ke kūʻokoʻa.
Ua hiki i nā cubs Tarbosaurus ʻelua mahina i ka lōʻihi o 65-70 kenimika, akā ʻaʻole ia he kope liʻiliʻi o ko lākou mau mākua. Ua hōʻike akāka ʻia nā ʻike mua loa e like me ka ʻokoʻa o ka nui o nā tyrannosaurids muli loa mai nā mākua mai. Mahalo ia i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi iwi o Tarbosaurus kokoke i piha me kahi iwi poʻo i mālama pono ʻia i hiki ai i nā ʻepekema ke nānā pono me ka pololei i kēlā mau ʻokoʻa, a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā tyrannosaurids ʻōpio.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Pterodactyl
- Megalodon
ʻO kahi laʻana, a hiki i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i maopopo maikaʻi loa inā mau ka helu o nā niho ʻoi a ikaika loa i ka tarbosaurs i loko o ke ola o ia dinosaurs. Ua kuhi kekahi mau paleontologists me ka makahiki, ua emi maoli ka nui o nā niho i nā dinosaur nui. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi o nā cubs Tarbosaurus, ua like ka helu o nā niho i kā lākou helu i nā mākua a me nā moʻo ʻōpio o kēia laha. Manaʻo nā mea kākau o nā noiʻi ʻepekema ua hōʻole kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka loli o ka helu o nā niho i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka tyrannosaurids.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā tarbosaurs ʻōpio paha ka mea i noho i ka wahi o nā mea ʻino e kapa ʻia nei he poʻe moʻo liʻiliʻi e ʻimi nei i nā moʻo, no nā dinosaur liʻiliʻi, a pēlā nō paha, nā mea ʻimi ʻokoʻa mamala.
E pili ana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka muli loa tyrannosaurids, i kēia manawa hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia me ka hilinaʻi piha ʻaʻole i ukali pololei nā tarbosaurs ʻōpio i ko lākou mau mākua, akā makemake lākou e ola a loaʻa wale ka meaʻai iā lākou iho. ʻ suggestlelo kekahi mau ʻepekema i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i kū i mua nā ʻōpio tarbosaurs i nā mākua, nā lunamakaʻāinana o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī. ʻAʻohe hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā mākua a me nā ʻōpio. Ma ke ʻano he mea pio, ʻaʻohe hoihoi o nā tarbosauro ʻōpio i nā moʻo moʻo o ka moekolohe.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Nui loa nā dinosaurs carnivorous, no laila i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ʻaʻohe ʻenemi... Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo ʻia aia paha he mau hakakā me kekahi mau theropods e pili kokoke ana, e pili pū ana me nā Velociraptors, nā Oviraptors a me Shuvuya.
