ʻO Mackerel (Scomber) kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus o ka iʻa mai ka ʻohana mackerel, papa Ray-finned iʻa a me ke kauoha Mackerel. ʻO ka iʻa Pelagic, nona ka pōʻaiapili i pili ʻole me ka lalo o nā kino wai. Aia i loko o kēia genus nā ʻano ʻehā: mackerel Australia (S. australasicus), mackerel ʻApelika (S. colias), mackerel Kepanī (S. japonicus) a me mackerel ʻAkelanika (S. scombrus).
Hōʻike o ka mackerel
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o nā ʻelele o ka genus ka kino fusiform, i uhi ʻia me nā unahi cycloidal liʻiliʻi.... ʻAʻohe paha ka ʻeke ʻauʻau ma nā ʻano mackerel like ʻole.
Helehelena
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Mackerel e kahi kino elongated, kahi wīwī a hoʻopili ʻia i ka caudal peduncle me nā paʻa o nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻohe waena o longitudinal carina o ka genus. He lālani ko ka iʻa i hana ʻia e ʻelima mau fin hou ma hope o ka palupalu dorsal a me ka anal anal. Me nā lālā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, he apo iwi ka mackerel ma kahi o nā maka.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi mau lua dorsal e kahi āpau i wehewehe pono ʻia. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka ʻōpū ma waena o nā fins he haʻahaʻa a ʻaʻole bifurcated. Ma hope o ka lua o nā dorsal a me nā ʻino anal, aia kahi lālani o nā peʻa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, i hiki ai ke hōʻalo i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā eddies i ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana o ka iʻa i loko o ka wai. Paʻa ka caudal fin a paʻa pono.
Uhi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka mackerel me nā unahi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka carapace ma mua e nā unahi nunui, akā maikaʻi hoʻomohala ʻia a hele ʻole paha. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ʻokoke pololei kahi ʻūlili liʻiliʻi a undoting. Liʻiliʻi nā niho o nā iʻa, ʻano pōhaku i ke ʻano. ʻO ke alo o nā niho palatine a me vomer kahi ʻano. ʻO nā stamens lahilahi nā lālā i waena o ka lōʻihi, a ʻo kā lākou helu nui ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka archial branch mua ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o kanakolukumamālima mau ʻāpana. Loaʻa i nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus 30-32 vertebrae.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ka genus ka mackerel ʻApelika, ʻo ia ka 60-63 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma kahi o ʻelua kilokilo, a ʻo ka iʻa liʻiliʻi loa he Kepanī a i ʻole ka poli makika (42-44 cm a me 300-350 g).
Kuhi ka ihu o ka mackerel, me ka maka o mua a me hope o nā maka, uhi ʻia me ka maka momona momona i wehewehe pono ʻia. ʻIke maopopo ʻia nā stamens āpau ma o ka waha ākea. He pōkole nā peʻa pectoral, hana ʻia e nā kukuna 18-21. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hope o ka iʻa e kahi waihoʻoluʻu bluish-kila, uhi ʻia me nā laina wavy o kahi kala ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke ʻano e kahi kala ʻāhinahina-melemele, me ka ʻole o nā kaha.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus Mackerel he ʻauʻau wikiwiki lākou, kūpono kūpono i ka neʻe ʻana i ka kolamu wai. Pili ʻo Mackerel i ka iʻa hiki ʻole ke hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola kokoke i ka lalo, no laila ʻauʻau lākou i ka wahi pelagic o ka wai. Ma muli o ke ʻano he nui o nā lau, nā ʻelele o ka papa iʻa i hana ʻia me Ray a me ke kauoha Mackerel e hōʻole maʻalahi i nā eddies, ʻoiai i ke ʻano o ka neʻe wikiwiki.
Makemake ʻo Mackerel e pili i nā shoals, a mālama pinepine hoʻi i nā hui me nā sardine o Peruvian. Manaʻo nā lunamaka o ka ʻohana mackerel i ka ʻoluʻolu i hiki ke loaʻa wale i ke ana wela o 8-20 ° C, no laila, ʻike ʻia lākou e nā neʻe makahiki o ka wā. I ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke ʻike wale ʻia nā mackerels ma ke Kai ʻInikia, kahi e ʻoluʻolu ai ka mahana o ka wai.
Hoihoi ia! Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi ʻauʻau, kahi kino fusiform a me kahi musculature ulu maikaʻi loa, neʻe wikiwiki ʻo ʻAkelanika ma nā papa wai, e hoʻomohala maʻalahi nei i nā wikiwiki a hiki i kanakolu mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu ke ʻike ʻia, ka neʻe ʻana e noho ana i ka wai o ke Kai ʻEleʻele e neʻe i kekahi manawa i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻEulopa, kahi e lawa ai nā kahe mahana e hōʻoia i kahi noho maikaʻi no nā iʻa. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, ʻaʻole ikaika ka iʻa iʻa a ʻaʻole hoʻolilo i ko lākou ikaika i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Ehia mau mackerel e ola nei
ʻO ke ola maʻamau o ka mackerel i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he ʻumikūmāwalu paha makahiki, akā ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia i ka hiki ʻana o ka makahiki o ka iʻa i hopu ʻia i ʻelua mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO nā lunamaka o ka lāhui Australia mackerel he kamaʻāina maʻamau ia o nā kai kahakai o ka Pākīpika Komohana, mai Iāpana a me Kina a i New Zealand a me Australia. Ma ka ʻāpana hikina, hoʻonui ka ʻāpana o kēia ʻano i nā panalāʻau o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina... ʻIke ʻia kekahi kanaka i loko o ka wai o ke Kaiʻula. I nā wai tropical, he maʻa laha ʻole ka mackerel Australia. Loaʻa nā iʻa Meso- a me epipelagic i ka wai kai, ʻaʻole hohonu ma mua o 250-300 mau mika.
Noho ʻo mackerel ʻApelika i nā wai kai o ka Moana ʻAkelanika, me nā Kai ʻEleʻele a me ke Kaiwaenahonua. Hoʻolahalaha nui nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano i ka hema o ke Kaiwaenahonua. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke alo o kahi lehulehu mai ka hikina o ka ʻAkelanika a me ke kai kūʻono o Biscay a i ka Azores. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā ʻōpio i nā tropika, ʻoiai e pālahalaha nā mākeke kahiko i nā wai subtropical.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka lāhui mackerel Hikina i ka wai mehana, tropical a me subtropical. Ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, loaʻa ka heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano kokoke i nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril. I ke kauwela, aia kekahi neʻe o ka wā kūlohelohe i nā wai e pili ana i ka hoʻomehana kūlohelohe, kahi e hoʻonui nui ai i ka wahi o ka mahele maoli.
ʻO ka mackerel ʻAkelanika kahi ʻano endemikoma maʻamau e noho ana ma ka ʻAkelanika ʻAkau Akelanika, e pili ana i ke kapakai hikina mai nā Canary Islands a hiki i Iceland, a loaʻa pū ʻia ma nā Moana Baletika, Kaiwaenahonua, ʻAkau, ʻEleʻele a me Marmara Seas. Ma ke kapakai komohana, ʻike ʻia ka mackerel ʻAkelanika mai ke kahakai o North Carolina a Labrador. Komo pinepine ka poʻe mākua i ke Kai Keʻokeʻo i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kauwela. ʻO ka heluna nui loa o ka mackerel ʻAkelanika i loaʻa ma ke komohana hema o ʻIlani.
Kaʻai Mackerel
ʻO nā Mackerels he mau predatory wai wai. Hānai nui nā iʻa ʻōpio i nā plankton wai i kānana ʻia a me nā crustacea liʻiliʻi. Makemake nā mākua i ka heʻe a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e like me ka mea pio. ʻAi nui nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus i ke ao a i ʻole ke ahiahi.
ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai o nā ʻelele o ka laha Japanese mackerel e hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka nui o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e noho ana i nā wahi hānai.
- euphausides;
- copepods;
- cephalopods;
- pūliki pūliki;
- salpe;
- polychaetes;
- pāpaʻi;
- iʻa liʻiliʻi;
- caviar a me nā larva iʻa.
Aia kekahi hoʻololi manawa i ka papaʻai. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, hānai nui nā mackerel nunui i ka iʻa. Ma waena o nā kānaka nui loa, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka cannibalism.
Hoihoi ia! ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi mea ʻai kai mea manuahi, akā ʻo nā lunamaka o ka lāhui Australia mackerel ka makemake nui loa, kahi, i ka pōloli, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolei iā lākou iho me ke kānalua ʻole ma ka makau lawaiʻa me ka maunu ʻole.
Ke hoʻouka nei i kāna mea i hōʻeha ʻia, hoʻolei ka mackerel i kahi kīloi. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i ka mackerel ʻAkelanika i kekona kekona ke hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 70-80 km / h. Hānai ka mea ʻaihue wai, e huddling ana i nā ʻohana hipa. ʻO ka Hamsa a me nā pōhaku one, a me nā sprats, lilo pinepine lākou i mea no ka huli holoholona nui. ʻO nā hana hui pū a nā ʻelele makua o ka genus e hoʻonāukiuki i ka mea pio e piʻi i luna o ka wai. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hui pū kekahi o nā mea ʻino wai nui, a me nā ʻōpelu, i ka pāʻina.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā iʻa kula thermophilic Pelagic i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola... Eia kekahi, hiki i nā kānaka oʻo kolohe ke hana i ka makahiki i nā keiki a hiki i ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki he ʻumikūmāwalu a iwakālua paha. Hoʻomaka nā mākeke mākua loa e hua i ka waena o ke kau. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka hana hou ma ka hopena o Iune. Hānau ʻia nā mackerels makua i nā ʻāpana. Lawe ʻia ke kaʻina hānau i nā wai kahakai mahana i ka wā kau-kauwela.
Hoʻohana ikaika nā Mackerels o nā ʻano āpau. No nā ʻelele āpau o ka papa iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Ray, ka ʻohana mackerel a me ka ʻoka Mackerel, he ʻano koʻikoʻi ka momona, no laila, haʻalele nā mākua ma kahi o ka hapalua miliona mau hua manu, i waiho ʻia ma kahi hohonu o 200 mika. ʻO ke anawaena o ka hua manu ma kahi o hoʻokahi millimeter. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hua manu kahi kulu o ka momona, e lilo i meaʻai no ka manawa mua no nā keiki ulu a ulu wikiwiki.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka wā hoʻokumu o ka larvae mackerel pili pono i ka hōʻoluʻolu i loko o ka wai wai, akā ʻokoʻa ka hapa pinepine ma waena o 10-21 mau lā.
ʻO ka larva mackerel ka mea hakakā a me ka lawaiʻa, no laila hiki i ka cannibalism. ʻO ka pā i puka mai nā hua i loko o ka honua he liʻiliʻi loa ia, a ʻo kā lākou awelika lōʻihi, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i kekahi mau kenimika. Ulu wikiwiki ʻo Mackerel fry a ʻeleu loa, no laila, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule, hiki i kā lākou nui ke hoʻonui i ʻekolu a ʻoi mau manawa. Ma hope o kēlā, ke lohi o ka ulu ʻana o ka mackerel ʻōpio i ka lohi o ka loli.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He nui nā ʻenemi o nā ʻohana a pau o ka ʻohana mackerel i ke kai kūlohelohe, akā ʻo nā liona kai a me nā pelicans, nā tuna nui a me nā manō he mea weliweli loa ia no kahi mea ʻaihue waena. ʻO ka iʻa pelagic kula, ka mea maʻamau e noho i nā wai kai, kahi loulou nui i ka kaulahao meaʻai. ʻO Mackerel, me ka nānā ʻole i ka makahiki, he lawaiʻa pinepine ia ʻaʻole wale no nā iʻa pelagic ʻoi aku ka nui, akā no kekahi mau māmela kai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka lāhui Kepani Kepani i kēia mau lā, nā heluna kaawale o nā wai o nā moana āpau. ʻO ka lehulehu o ka mackerel ka mea nui i ka wai o ke Kai ʻĀkau.
Ma muli o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka momona, mālama ʻia ka heluna kanaka i kahi pae paʻa, ʻoiai ʻo ka lawaiʻa koʻikoʻi o kēlā iʻa.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Pink salmon (lat. ʻO Onstorhynсhus gоrbusсha)
- ʻO ka bream maʻamau (lat. ʻAbramis brama)
- Carp kala (lat. Carassius gibelio)
I kēia lā, ʻo ka heluna nui o nā lālā o ka ʻohana Mackerel a me ka genus Mackerel ka mea e hopohopo iki ai. ʻOiai ʻo nā pae o nā laha āpau i ʻano hoʻopili ʻia, i kēia manawa aia he predominance o kekahi mau ʻano kikoʻī ma kahi ʻāina.
Waiwai kālepa
He iʻa kālepa waiwai nui ʻo Mackerel... Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻano āpau e ka ʻiʻo momona, momona i ka huaora "B12", me ka ʻole o nā iwi liʻiliʻi, palupalu a ʻono loa. Loaʻa i kaʻiʻo mackerel i hoʻolapalapa ʻia a me ka palai i kahi paʻa maloʻo iki. Loaʻa nā lunamaka o kēia lāhui i ka mackerel Kepanī i ka wai o ka Moana Pākīpika. Lilo ʻo Iāpana a me Rūkia i ka mackerel Kepani i ka hoʻoilo o ka ʻāina i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻIke ʻia nā lawaiʻa nui loa i ka wā mai Kepakemapa a Nowemapa. Lawe ʻia nā hana lawaiʻa me nā waʻa waena waena, a me ka ʻeke a me nā ʻupena i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, nā ʻupena a me nā ʻupena holo, a me nā pono lawaiʻa maʻamau. Hele ka iʻa i hopu ʻia i ka mākeke honua i ka puhipaka a me ka hau paʻakai, paʻakai a me ka kēpau. ʻO Mackerel i kēia manawa he lāhui hānau hānau nui i Iapana.
