ʻO ka bea ʻeleʻele Himalayan kahi i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mahina, Ussuri, a i ʻole ka umauma keʻokeʻo. ʻO kēia kahi lunamaka waena waena o ka laha, i hoʻololi nui ʻia i ke ola arboreal.
Ka wehewehe o ka bea umauma keʻokeʻo
Morphologically, ʻano like ke ʻano me kekahi ʻano bear prehistoric.... Wahi a nā ʻepekema, ʻo ia ke kūpuna o ka hapanui o nā "bea", koe wale nō nā panda a me nā bea kahaha. ʻOiai, ʻo ka hapanui, hōʻike ʻia ia e nā lāʻau hūlū, ʻo kekahi o ia mau mea e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka huhū i nā poʻe a me nā holoholona i haʻi i ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana no lākou.
Helehelena
He muʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka Bea Asiatic, kahi auwae keʻokeʻo a me kahi patch keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i haʻi ʻia ma ka umauma. ʻO nā pepeiao nui ʻole e protruding o ka bea keʻokeʻo me he bele lā. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo he 11 cm.ʻO ka ākea o ka poʻohiwi o kahi bea makua he 70-100 cm, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 120-190 cm, e like me ka moekolohe a me nā makahiki o ka holoholona. Kaupaona nā kāne makua ma waena o 60 a 200 kg, me ka awelika o ke kaumaha ma kahi o 135 kg. Kaupaona nā mākua wahine ma waena o 40-125 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui i ka 140 kg.
ʻO nā bea ʻeleʻele Asiatic e like me ka nānā ʻana i nā bea ʻeleʻele, akā loaʻa kahi kino o ke kino me ka lahilahi o mua a me nā lālā hope. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā lehelehe a me ka ihu o ka Himalayan bear ma mua o ka bear bear. Heʻuʻuku ka iwi poʻo o ka bea ʻeleʻele, akā nui, keu hoʻi ma kahi o ka iwi ā lalo. Ana ia mai 311.7 a 328 mm ka lōʻihi a me 199.5-228 mm i ka laulā. ʻOiai 291.6-315 mm ka lōʻihi o ka wahine a 163–173 mm ka laulā. ʻOiai ʻo ka holoholona hānai nui, ʻaʻole like ke ʻano o ka iwi poʻo i ke ʻano o ka iwi poʻo o pandas. He ʻākoʻako ko lākou mau arches superciliary, leaflet leaflets, a ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa a me ka ikaika o nā mākala kūlohelohe.
Hoihoi ia!Ma ka awelika, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā bea Himalayan makua ma mua o nā bea ʻeleʻele ʻAmelika, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne kāne ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. I ka manawa like, hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻōnaehana manaʻo o ka Himalayan bear ma mua o ka bear bear.
He hanana kū hoʻokahi ko ka Himalayan bear, ʻoiai ua haki nā lālā hope, hiki nō ke piʻi i luna i kahi kumulāʻau e hoʻohana wale ana i nā forelimbs wale nō. He kino ikaika kona a luna a nāwaliwali hoʻi nā wāwae hope ma mua o nā laha e hoʻolōʻihi i nā manawa lōʻihi e kū ana i ka honua. ʻOiai ʻo nā māiʻuʻu ma nā wāwae mua o ka bea keʻokeʻo umauma ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā wāwae hope. Pono kēia no ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau a me ka ʻeli ʻana.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
He diurnal nā bea ʻeleʻele Asiatic, ʻoiai lākou he kipa pinepine i nā home kanaka i ka pō. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā hui ʻohana o ʻelua mau mākua a me ʻelua mau hua i kū aʻe. He piʻi maikaʻi nā bea Himalayan, piʻi lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe e peʻe ai mai nā ʻenemi, e ʻimi a hoʻomaha wale paha. Wahi a ka Teritori Ussuriysk, hoʻolilo nā bea ʻeleʻele i 15% o ko lākou manawa i nā kumu lāʻau. Haki lākou i nā lālā a me nā lālā e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wahi hānai a me ka hiamoe. ʻAʻole hibernate nā bea ʻeleʻele Himalayan.
Hoihoi ia!Hoʻomākaukau nā bear i ko lākou mau lua i ka waena o ʻOkakopa a hiamoe i loko o lākou mai Nowemapa a Malaki. Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia kā lākou mau lua i loko o nā lāʻau hollow, nā ana a i ʻole nā lua o ka lepo, nā lāʻau hollow, a i ʻole ma nā pali, nā mauna a me nā ʻanā lā.
He laulā ke kani o nā bea ʻeleʻele Asia... ʻ grhū, ʻōhumu, uō lākou. Hoʻouna ʻia nā leo kūikawā i ka wā hopohopo a me ka huhū. Kāhea lākou me ka leo nui i ka wā e hoʻouna ana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a i ʻole hoʻoweliweli, a walaʻau ke kaua lākou. I ka manawa e hoʻokokoke aku ai i nā bea ʻē aʻe, hoʻopuka lākou i nā kaomi o ko lākou alelo a "croak" ʻoiai e hoʻokauwa ana i ka wahine ʻē.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā bea Himalayan?
ʻO ka palena maʻamau o ke ola ma ka nahelehele he 25 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo ka makahiki ʻelemakule ʻeleʻele ʻAsiatic i ka pio i make i ka makahiki 44.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua pālahalaha nui lākou ma ka Himalayas, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Subcontcent India, Kōlea, Kina hikina ʻĀkau, ka Lūkia Hikina hikina, Honshu a me Shikoku, nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana, a me Taiwan. ʻO nā bea ʻeleʻele, ma ke ʻano he noho, noho i nā ululāʻau deciduous a me nā huikau, nā wao akua. Noho liʻiliʻi lākou ma luna o 3700 m ma ka Himalayas i ke kauwela, a iho i lalo i 1500 m i ka hoʻoilo.
Noho kahi bear ʻeleʻele i kahi kaola hāiki mai ka hikina hema o ʻIrania i ka hikina ma o Afghanistan a me Pakistan, ma nā kapuwai o ka Himalayas i India, ma Myanmar. Me ka ʻokoʻa o Malaysia, loaʻa nā bear ʻeleʻele i nā ʻāina āpau o ka ʻāina nui Hikina Hema. Hele lākou ma ka ʻāpana Waena Kina o Kina, ʻoiai he mahele ko lākou i ka hema a me ka ʻākau hikina o ka ʻāina. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka Lūkia Hikina Hikina a me Kōlea ʻĀkau. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou ma Kōlea Hema. ʻIke ʻia nā bea keʻokeʻo ʻeleʻele i Iapana, ma nā mokupuni ʻo Honshu a me Shikoku, a ma Taiwan a me Hainan.
ʻAʻohe manaʻo kuhihewa e pili ana i ka helu o nā bea ʻeleʻele Asia. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo Iapana i ka ʻikepili ma 8-14,000 mau kānaka e noho ana ma Honshu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ka hilinaʻi o kēia mau ʻike. Kuhi o ka heluna kānaka o WGC ma Lūkia - 5,000-6,000 I ka 2012, ua hoʻopaʻa ke Keʻena Kepani o ke Kaiāulu i ka nui o ka nui o 15,000-20,000. ʻO nā kuhi koʻikoʻi o ka density me ka ʻole o nā ʻikepili kākoʻo i hana ʻia ma India a me Pakistan, e hopena ana i 7000-9,000 mau kānaka ma India a me 1,000 ma Pakistan.
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā bea Himalayan
I ka hoʻoilina, ʻoi aku ka herbivorous o nā bea umauma keʻokeʻo ma mua o nā bear brown, akā ʻoi aku ka predatory ma mua o nā bear black American. ʻAʻole like me ka pandas, ʻaʻole hilinaʻi ka bea umauma keʻokeʻo i ka lako mau o ka meaʻai calorie haʻahaʻa. ʻOi aku ʻoi aku ʻoi aku ʻoi aku ia a mana ʻole ʻole, e hāʻawi ana i ka makemake i nā meaʻai momona loa i nā mea liʻiliʻi. ʻAi lākou i ka lawa, waiho iā lākou i nā waihona momona, a ma hope iho ua hele maluhia lākou i ka hibernation i ka manawa o ka nele o ka meaʻai. I nā manawa o ka lahilahi, holoholo lākou i nā awāwa kahawai e hiki ai i ke komo ʻana i nā hazelnuts a me nā larva insect mai nā lāʻau popopo.
Hoihoi ia!Omnivorous nā bea ʻeleʻele Himalayan. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kolo, nā nalo, nā larvae, nā lū, ke kālani, nā hua manu, nā pi, nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, nā lau, nā mea kanu, nā pua a me nā hua. ʻAi lākou i nā hua, nā hua, nā hua a me nā hua.
Mai ka waena o Mei a i ka hopena o Iune, e hoʻopiha lākou i kā lākou papaʻai me nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā hua. Mai Iulai a Kepakemapa, piʻi nā bea o kēia ʻano lāʻau i nā kumulāʻau e ʻai i nā cherry manu, nā ʻone, nā kumu waina a me nā hua waina. I nā hanana kakaikahi, ʻai lākou i ka iʻa make i ka wā e hoʻouluulu ʻana, ʻoiai he hapa ʻuʻuku loa kēia o kā lākou papaʻai ma mua o ko ka Brown Bear. ʻOi aku ka predatory ma mua o nā bea ʻeleʻele ʻAmelika a hiki ke pepehi i nā ungulate, e like me nā holoholona, me kahi maʻamau. Hiki i nā mea ʻāhiu ke komo i nā dia muntjac, nā puaʻa hihiu a me nā buffalo makua. Hiki i kahi bea keʻokeʻo ke pepehi me ka haki ʻana i ka ʻāʻī o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ma loko o Sikhote-Alin, hoʻomaka ka wā hānau no nā bear ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka bear bear, mai ka waena o Iune a waena o ʻAukake.... Hana ʻia ka hānau ma mua - i ka waena o Ianuali. I ka ʻOkakopa, ulu ka nui o ka kōpū o kahi wahine hāpai i 15-22 mm. I ka hopena o Kekemapa, he 75 gram ka nui o nā embryo. Hōʻike ka ʻōpala wahine mua ma kahi o ʻekolu mau makahiki. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa hou kahi bea no 2-3 mau makahiki ma waena o nā hānau.
Hana pinepine nā wahine hāpai i 14% o ka heluna kanaka. Hana ʻia ka hānau keiki ʻana i nā ana a i nā lua lāʻau i ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole ke kau mua ma hope o kahi manawa hānau o 200-240 mau lā. Kaupaona nā Cubs i ka 370 gram i ka wā hānau. I ka lā 3, wehe lākou i ko lākou mau maka, a i ka lā 4 hiki iā lākou ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa. Hiki i ka ʻōpala ke lilo i 1-4 cubs. He lohi ka ulu ʻana o kā lākou. Ma Mei, hiki i nā pēpē i 2.5 kg wale nō. Kūʻokoʻa lākou i waena o 24 a me 36 mau makahiki o ko lākou makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Hiki i nā Bea ʻeleʻele Asia i kekahi manawa ke hoʻouka i nā tigika a me nā bea palaunu. Kaua pū lākou me nā leopadi a me nā pūʻulu ʻīlio hae. He mea weliweli weliweli ka lynx Eurasian no nā keiki umauma keʻokeʻo. Kūleʻa nā bea ʻeleʻele i nā leopadi o ka Hikina Hikina ma muli o ke kūʻē kino ʻana i nā wahi ulu nui, ʻoiai nā leopadi e hoʻomalu i nā wahi ākea, ʻoiai ka hopena o ia mau hālāwai e pili nui i ka nui o kēlā me kēia holoholona. ʻIke ʻia nā Leopadi e ʻimi i nā keiki bear ma lalo o ʻelua mau makahiki.
Hoihoi ia!E ʻimi pū nā Tigers i nā bea ʻeleʻele. Hiki i nā Lūkini holoholona ke hālāwai pinepine i nā kupapaʻu o nā bea umauma keʻokeʻo me nā ala o kahi tiger predatory ma ke ala. I ka hōʻoia ʻana, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka lepo o ke Tiga ma kahi o nā koena.
I mea e pakele ai, piʻi kiʻekiʻe nā bea i luna o nā kumulāʻau e kali ai no ka luhi a ka mea ʻaihue a haʻalele. Hiki i ka tiger ke hoʻohālike ua haʻalele ʻo ia, ke kali nei ma kahi mamao loa. Alualu mau nā Tigers i nā bea ʻōpio, ʻoiai e hakakā pinepine nā mākua.
ʻO nā bea ʻeleʻele, ma ke ʻano he rula, neʻe i kahi palekana mai ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka Tiga me ka makahiki ʻelima. ʻO ka umauma keʻokeʻo he koa wiwo ʻole. Ua nānā ʻo Jim Corbett i ke kiʻi o kahi bea Himalayan e alualu ana i ke Tiga ma nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kahi ʻāpana o kona poʻo ʻili i wāwahi ʻia a ʻeha kona ʻūʻī.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia me ka "Vulnerable" e ka IUCN, ma muli o ka nāhelehele ʻana a me ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i nā ʻāpana kino waiwai. Ua helu ʻia ka bear ʻeleʻele Asia me he holoholona pale ʻia ma Kina. Pale pū ʻia ʻo ia ma India, akā ma muli o ka hemahema o ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana, paʻakikī ka poʻe i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e hoʻokolokolo. Eia nō hoʻi, ke hakakā nei ka heluna kanaka o nā bea ʻeleʻele umauma keʻokeʻo ma Iapana. Eia hou, ke hoʻomau nei ka hemahema o nā ʻano mālama pono no nā bear ʻeleʻele Kepani. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā bea pale umauma keʻokeʻo i loko Buke ʻulaʻula ʻO Rūsia, ma ke ʻano he ʻano laha ʻole e hele mai ma lalo o ka pale kūikawā me ka pāpā o ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana iā lākou. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia kēia ʻano i loko o ka Red Book of Vietnam.
ʻO ka hoʻoneoneo ka mea nui e hoʻoweliweli i ka wahi noho ʻeleʻele Kina... I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1990, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka pae o ka bear bear i 1/5 o ka wahi i noho a hiki i nā 1940s. Kū ka poʻe kaʻawale i nā kaiapuni a me nā koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana kekahi o nā kumu nui loa no ko lākou nalo pau ʻole. No ka mea he pipiʻi loa nā paws o ka bea ʻeleʻele, ka ʻili a me ka gallbladder. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā Himalayan bea ke kumu o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka ʻāina mahiʻai - nā māla a me nā mahi mahi hānai beekeeping.
Mea nui!Eia kekahi ma India e ʻimi nei i ka bea ʻeleʻele e ākea, a ma Pakistan, ua hoʻolaha ʻia ʻo ia he ʻano mea make.
ʻOiai ʻike nui ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i ka bea ma Iapana a puni, ʻaʻohe mea iki a nā luna e hana nei e hoʻoponopono i kēia kūlana. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka luku ʻana i nā "pest footed pests" ma aneʻi a puni ka makahiki e hoʻonui ai i ka hua. Hoʻohana ākea nā pahu pahele mai ka makahiki 1970 e hopu iā lākou. Ua manaʻo ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hōʻemi ka nui o nā bea i hoʻopau ʻia ma muli o ka hōʻemi o ka helu o nā mea ʻimi holoholona kuʻuna a me ka ulu ʻana o ka hanauna ʻōpio o ka heluna kanaka, ʻaʻole i makemake i ka hopu holoholona.
ʻOiai ua pale ʻia nā bea ʻeleʻele i Lūkia mai ka makahiki 1983, ʻo ka ʻili ʻana i ka moa, i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka ulu nui o nā bea ma ka mākeke ʻAsia, ke hoʻomau nei i mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka lehulehu o Lūkia. He nui nā limahana Kina a me Kōlea e pili ana i ka hana lāʻau e pili maoli ana i ke kālepa kū ʻole i ke kānāwai. Ua hōʻike kekahi mau luina Lūkini he hiki ke kūʻai aku i kahi bea mai nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona kūloko e kūʻai aku iā ia ma Iapana a me Hikina Hema ʻo Asia. Ke ulu nei ka ʻoihana ulu lāʻau i Lūkia, kahi mea hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ka bear ʻeleʻele Asia. ʻO ke kua ʻana i nā kumulāʻau i loko o nā lua e hoʻonele i nā bea ʻeleʻele o ko lākou wahi noho mua. Koi aku kēia iā lākou e kau i ko lākou wahi moe ma ka honua a i ʻole i nā pōhaku, a laila e maʻalahi ai lākou i nā tigika, nā bea ʻeleʻele, a me nā poʻe huli holoholona.
Ua pau ka hana lāʻau ʻana i mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka bea ʻeleʻele Taiwanese, ʻoiai ke kulekele hou o ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻāina nona ka puʻu mai ka mokuʻāina i nā kuleana pilikino e hoʻopili ana i kekahi poʻe noho haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka hana ʻana o kahi alaloa mokupuni hou ma o ka wahi noho o ka bea ka mea hoʻoweliweli pū paha.
Noho ʻo Kōlea Hema i hoʻokahi o nā ʻāina ʻelua wale nō e ʻae i nā bear ʻeleʻele e mālama pio ʻia... E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 2009, ma kahi o 1,374 mau holoholona i noho ma 74 mau pā bear, kahi i mālama ʻia ai lākou no ka luku ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau kuʻuna Asia.
