ʻO Gyrfalcon kahi manu manu lele mai ke kauoha o nā falconiformes o ka ʻohana falcon. No nā manu ʻākau ia. Ua ʻike ʻia ka inoa mai ke kenekulia XII a hele mai ka onomatopoeic Old Church Slavonic analogue o ka huaʻōlelo "ʻuō". Helu ʻia i loko o ka puke ʻula.
Hōʻike o ka gyrfalcon
ʻO Gyrfalcon kahi manu kūwaho a kupaianaha hoʻi i waho, e like me ka falcon peregrine... ʻO ia ka manu nui loa ma ka ʻohana falcon, ikaika, akamai, paʻakikī, wikiwiki a akahele.
Helehelena
ʻO ka ʻūheu o kahi gyrfalcon he 120-135 cm me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 55-60 cm. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wahine a ʻelua manawa ke kaumaha e like me ke kāne: ʻo ke kaupaona o ke kāne ma mua o 1000 g, ʻo ka wahine ma kahi o 1500-2000 g. nā iwi ma waena o ka tibia a me nā manamana wāwae) he hulu 2/3 o ka lōʻihi, lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka huelo.
ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka gyrfalcon, ʻo kēia ka ʻano o ka polymorphism e hōʻike ai iā ia iho. Pālahalaha ka plumage, speckled, i ke kala hiki ke hina, ʻeleʻele, kālā, keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka maʻamau ke kala ʻeleʻele i nā wahine. ʻOi aku ka pouli o nā subspecies hema. Loaʻa i nā kāne i ka plumage brown brown, a hiki ke hoʻonani ʻia ko lākou ʻōpū keʻokeʻo me nā kiko a me nā laina. ʻO ke kaha ʻeleʻele kokoke i ka waha ("mustache") hōʻike maikaʻi ʻole ʻia i ka gyrfalcon. Keʻokeʻo ka puʻu a me nā papalina. ʻEʻeleʻele mau nā maka me kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻano koʻikoʻi. Ma kahi mamao, ʻike ʻia ke poʻo o nā manu makua, ʻeleʻele, lalo keʻokeʻo, a ʻeleʻele ke ʻōpio gyrfalcon mai luna a lalo. Melemele nā wāwae o ka manu.
Hoihoi ia! Loaʻa ke kala kanaka makua hope loa o ka gyrfalcon i ka makahiki 4-5.
Wikiwiki ka lele, ma hope o nā hahau ʻana, kiʻi koke ka gyrfalcon i ka wikiwiki a lele wikiwiki i mua. Ke alualu nei i kahi mea i hōʻino ʻia a luʻu mai luna, hiki ke piʻi i nā wikiwiki a i hoʻokahi haneli mika i kēlā me kēia kekona. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona: ʻaʻole ia e ala i kahi wili, akā kū i luna. ʻAʻohe lele iki ke gyrfalcon, ʻoi aku ka pinepine i ka hopu ʻana e hoʻohana ia i ka lele a lele ʻana, e noho hāmama a kūkulu ʻia ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe i ka tundra. Piʻi ka leo.
Ka hana a me ka nohona
Alakaʻi ia i ka nohona diurnal a me nā hunts i ke ao. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, ma kahi mamao loa aku mai ia: ʻoi aku ma kahi o kahi kilomita. Ke ʻimi holoholona, luʻu ia me ka pōhaku mai kahi kiʻekiʻe, lālau me kona mau māiʻuʻu a nahu i kona ʻāʻī. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke pepehi i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia i ka lewa, luʻu pū ke gyrfalcon me ia i ka honua, kahi e pau ai. ʻImi ʻelua mau gyrfalcons iā lākou iho ma waho o ka wā lūlū, akā i ʻole e nalo ka maka o kā lākou wahine.
No ka pūnana ʻana, koho ʻo ia i nā kahakai kai pōhaku a me nā mokupuni, nā awāwa o nā kahawai a me nā loko me nā pali, ke kāʻei a i ʻole nā ululāʻau mokupuni, tundra mauna ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1300 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai. ʻO nā pūnana ma nā wahi paʻakikī hiki ke hōʻalo i nā kānaka. ʻO ke kumu nui no ke koho ʻana i kahi nohona ka loaʻa a me ka nui o nā meaʻai. Ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia nā ʻano ʻimi manu o nā mea ʻaihue hulu e nā kānaka i ka wā alualu holoholona. ʻO ka gyrfalcon keʻokeʻo Icelandic ka mea i manaʻo nui ʻia. He hōʻailona ia o ka hanohano a me ka mana, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā ʻāina hema, a ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia nā mea āpau e loaʻa i kēlā mau manu. I kēia lā aia ʻo ia i ka makaʻu nui loa mai nā poachers.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka gyrfalcon
Mai ka manawa o ke kau ʻana i ka ʻēheu, e like me nā noiʻi ornithological, hiki i kēia mea ʻumeʻulu hulu ke ola a 20 mau makahiki i ka make kūlohelohe. Hiki i Captive gyrfalcon ke loaʻa i kahi ola pōkole loa, keu hoʻi inā ua lawe ʻia ka manu i ka wā makua. ʻAʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka hana pilikino o ka Gyrfalcon e ke aloha kūikawā. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ʻaʻole hānau nā gyrfalcons, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i nā kūlana kūpono no lākou iho, no laila, i ka make ʻana o kahi manu, loaʻa kahi mea hou i kahi mea hou, hoʻolaha i ka maunu, a hoʻomaka hou nā mea āpau.
Laulā, nā wahi noho o ka gyrfalcon
Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ua hoʻololi kēia manu i kahi i koho ʻia. Hele kekahi mau laha, a ʻaʻole pono e holoholo kekahi, a noho lākou i ka nahele-tundra a me ke kāʻei ulu lāʻau.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma nā ʻāpana subarctic a me nā arctic o ʻAsia, ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hema. Ua noho kekahi mau ʻano ma Altai a me Tien Shan. ʻO nā kihi ʻākau loa kahi i ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka gyrfalcon ʻo Greenland ma 82 ° 15 'N. sh. a me 83 ° 45 '; ʻo nā mea hema loa, koe wale nō nā ʻāpana mauna mauna ʻAsia - waena Scandinavia, Bering Island, ma kahi o 55 ° N. E neʻe iki paha mai nā ʻāpana alpine i ke awāwa.
Ua pālahalaha kēia mau manu ma ka Hikina hikina o Rūsia.... No ka pūnana, koho lākou i nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Kamchatka a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka moku ʻo Magadan, a hoʻi hou i ka puna. No kēia mea, ua kapa ʻia ka gyrfalcon "ka ʻona kuʻi". ʻO nā kia kia punahele o ka gyrfalcon he mau ʻaoʻao pōhaku e hāʻawi i ka ʻike maikaʻi o ka ʻāina. Ma ke kapakai ʻākau o ka Scandinavian Peninsula, kau ka gyrfalcon ma nā pōhaku me nā kolone o nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Hiki iā ia ke lele lele i ke kai e ʻimi ai i nā mea pio i waena o ka hau e ʻauheʻe ana. ʻO ka maʻamau, lele nā manu ʻōpio i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha i ka hema e ʻimi i nā meaʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻike ʻia nā gyrfalcones ma kahakai, i ka paepae a me nā wahi mahiʻai, a i ka wā puna e hoʻi lākou i ka ʻākau. E holoholo ana nā gyrfalcons ʻEulopa i ka hoʻoilo, ʻo Greenlandic kekahi manawa i ka hoʻoilo ma Iceland, a i kekahi manawa hele lākou i ka hema.
ʻAiʻai Gyrfalcon
He holoholona wīwī ʻo Gyrfalcon, a ʻimi ʻo ia i nā holoholona mehana ke koko mehana: nā manu, nā koʻokoʻo, nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. He mākaukau hahai holoholona kēia, a ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻohe mea e ola ai ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻeha ʻia. ʻO kā Gyrfalcon ʻano hana ʻimi holoholona e like me ke ʻano o nā falcon ʻē aʻe. Pelu aku ʻo ia i kona mau ʻeheu, luʻu wikiwiki i luna o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia mai luna mai, lālau me kona mau maiuu a hoʻonele koke iā ia i ke ola.
I kēlā me kēia lā ʻai ka gyrfalcon ma kahi o 200 g iʻa. ʻO kāna meaʻai punahele he keʻokeʻo a me nā Partra partra. Huli ʻo ia i nā geese, nā manu kai, nā puʻu, nā ʻūpā, nā pālū, nā auk. ʻOiai nā pueo - polar, tundra, a me ka ululāʻau - e loaʻa iā ia. ʻAʻole hōʻole ka gyrfalcon e pāʻina ma ka hare, lemming, gopher, vole.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole ʻae ke kānāwai i kākau ʻole ʻia o ke kūlohelohe i ka gyrfalcon e hoʻouka i nā manu ma kahi o kona home, a i ʻole e hana ia i kekahi mau hoa ʻē aʻe. Mālama ʻia ka ʻāina ʻimi holoholona a me kahi e hoʻomoana ai no kēlā me kēia hui gyrfalcons a pale ʻia mai nā hoʻokūkū i kono ʻole ʻia.
I kekahi manawa lilo ka iʻa, kekahi manawa i nā amphibians. Kākaʻikahi loa ia, i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ia ke hānai i ke kino make. Lawe ke gyrfalcon i kāna mea pio iā ia iho, ʻūlū iā ia, waimaka iā ia i mau ʻāpana kokoke i ka pūnana a ʻai iā ia, a me nā koena ʻaʻohe onahele - unahi, iwi a me nā hulu liʻiliʻi - regurgitate. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonohonoho i kahi lumi ʻai i loko o kāna pūnana. Noho aliʻi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma laila. A huki ʻia ka mea pio no nā keiki hānai a haehae ʻia e ka wahine ma waho o ka pūnana pū kekahi.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka pūnana o ka gyrfalcon ma kahi o hoʻokahi pālua ma kahi o 100 km2... Makua ʻo Gyrfalcon ma ka hopena o ka makahiki mua o ke ola a i kēia makahiki ua ʻike i kahi hoa. He monogamous ka manu. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hui no ke ola, a hiki i ka make ʻana o kekahi o nā hoa.
Makemake ka wahine ʻaʻole e kūkulu i kā lāua pūnana ponoʻī, akā e noho i ka mea i kūkulu ʻia e ka buzzard, aeto gula a i ʻole ka manu koraka a kūkulu ma luna o ia mea. A i ʻole hoʻonohonoho lākou i kahi pūnana ma waena o nā pōhaku, ma ka ʻanuʻu, ma waena o nā pōhaku, e waiho ana i ka mauʻu, ka hulu a me ka limu. Koho ʻia kēia wahi ma kahi o 9 mau mika mai ka honua.
Hiki i nā pūnana Gyrfalcon ke piʻi i kahi mika ākea a hiki i ka hapalua mika ka hohonu. Kū hou ʻo Gyrfalcons i ko lākou wahi pūnana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia o nā hanauna he nui o nā gyrfalcons i ka pūnana like. I Pepeluali-Malaki, hoʻomaka ka hula ʻana o ka moena ma gyrfalcons, a i ʻApelila ua hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua - hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu lā. Liʻiliʻi nā hua, ʻaneʻane like ka nui me nā hua moa, e kau ana kēlā me kēia ma kahi o 60 g. I kahi paʻa aia a i 7 mau hua o ke kala keʻokeʻo me nā wahi lepo.
Mea nui! Nānā ʻole i ka nui o nā hua i kau ʻia, 2-3 wale nō o nā moa ikaika e ola.
Hoʻokomo wale ka wahine i nā hua, ʻimi nā kāne i kēia manawa a lawe mai i kāna meaʻai... ʻO ka manawa incubation he 35 mau lā. Hānau ʻia nā ʻikena me ka beige, keʻokeʻo a hina hina i lalo. Ke hele a ikaika iki ka keiki a lilo i mea momona, hoʻomaka pū ka wahine e ʻimi no nā keiki, a haʻalele iā lākou no kahi manawa pōkole. Lawe ka makuahine a me ka makuakāne i ka mea pio i ka pūnana, haehae iā ia a hānai i nā keiki.
He manu koa wiwo ʻole ka gyrfalcon; ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele i ka pūnana, ʻoiai ke hele mai kahi mea ʻino nui iā ia, akā e lele i ka mea komo hewa, e pale ana i nā keiki. Ke hoʻololi ʻia ka fluff pēpē i nā moa e ka mau o ka plumage, hoʻomaka nā mākua e aʻo iā lākou e lele a alualu. Hana ʻia kēia ma kahi o 7-8 mau makahiki o nā keiki moa. Ma ka mahina ʻehā - ʻo kēia ka waena a me ka hopena o ke kauwela - e nāwaliwali a paʻa hoʻi ka kamaʻilio ʻana me nā mākua, a hoʻomaka nā manu ʻōpio i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Aia ka ʻenemi ma ke kapuai like me ka gyrfalcon wale nō me ka ʻaeto gula. Hōʻalo ke koena o nā manu iā ia a i ʻole ma ka wehewehe ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke ana i ko lākou ikaika me ia, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻaeto e ʻaʻa e lele i nā waiwai o ka gyrfalcon a hōʻaʻo paha iā ia. A he aha kā mākou e ʻōlelo ai e pili ana i nā manu, inā hoʻohana ʻia ka gyrfalcon e alualu ai i nā ʻellela a me nā ʻanela.
ʻOi aku ka nui ʻino i ka heluna kanaka gyrfalcon e nā kānaka. I loko o nā makahiki, ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe e lilo i kahi laʻana o kahi manu manu lele i mea e aʻo ai iā ia ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua holoholona. I ke kaʻina hana, nui nā gyrfalcons i make, nā ʻōpio a me nā mākua, a me nā wahine i ka pūnana, i waiho wale ʻia me ka mea ʻai ʻole a hiki ʻole ke waiho i nā keiki no hoʻokahi minuke.
Heluna a me ke kūlana
I kēia manawa, noho ma kahi o hoʻokahi kaukani mau gyrfalcons e noho ana ma Rūsia. He kiʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kēia. ʻO ka emi o ka heluna kānaka ma muli o nā hana a nā poachers. Hiki ke kūʻai aku i hoʻokahi manu a hiki i 30 tausani kālā, a he nui nā mea pā o falconry ma kahi ʻē: ua makemake nui ʻia ia ma ka Hikina a hoʻi i ke ʻano ma ke Komohana.
Mea nui!Pau nā gyrfalcons he nui i kahi ulia pōpilikia i nā pahele i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no nā pio ʻehā - nā hares, nā alopeke, nā ʻalopeke.
ʻO nā hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻopaʻa i kahi manu ikaika haʻaheo me nā lima clumsy e hoʻopau pinepine i kona make ʻana mai nā maʻi i palekana no nā kānaka, akā ʻaʻohe ona kūlohelohe o ka gyrfalcon - ʻoiai ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe ʻole kēia mau hulu hulu manu me kekahi mea.
Mai ka wā kahiko, hiki i nā sultans a me nā mōʻī wale nō ke lilo nā manu o ia ʻano.... Hiki ke hoʻohina ʻia ʻo Gyrfalcon i ko mākou manawa, akā ʻike ka manu i kahi kanaka nona wale nō kona makemake kūʻokoʻa. A eia nō naʻe ka mea nui o ka meaola no ka gyrfalcon i ke ʻano, ʻaʻole e lawelawe i nā leʻaleʻa kanaka.
