ʻO nā pueo aeto he mau mea lawe i ka pouli. Nani a haʻaheo hoʻi, ʻo lākou kekahi o nā manu nui loa i ke ʻano. ʻO kā lākou nui, a me kā lākou makemake, nā leo nui a me ka nohona i hāpai i nā makaʻu kumu ʻole he nui. I nā moʻolelo kaʻao a me nā kaʻao, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kuhikuhi he nui i nā pueo i kahi ala maikaʻi ʻole.
Hōʻike o nā pueo
ʻO ka pueo aeto kahi ʻano manu o ka ʻohana pueo... Ua aʻo iki ʻia ko lākou ola, a ua uhi ʻia ka hapa nui i ka mea pohihihi. Hoʻoweliweli kekahi mau ʻano i ko mākou manawa me ka luku ʻia, ua nalowale loa nā poʻe ʻē aʻe mai kekahi mau wahi. He mea nui nō hoʻi ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kēia manu hanohano, ʻokoʻa nā parasite like ʻole.
Helehelena
Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka lilo ʻana i kekahi laha, hiki ke loli iki i ko lākou helehelena. Hiki ke nui o nā pueo mai 39 cm a 71 cm, a ʻo ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia kanaka i kekahi manawa i 4.6 kg. Aia ke kaulike kaulike o nā manu ma ka pae o 2-3 kg. Manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā manu o nā ʻāpana hema a ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ko lākou mau hoahānau hulu o nā pae ʻākau. Eia hou, ua ʻōlelo ʻino nā pueoeto i ka dimorphism moekolohe - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka nui o nā pueo he manu kuʻi me ka ikaika, nā wāwae pōkole a me ke kino barela. Lōʻihi nā manamana wāwae, maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi, e pau ana i nā māiʻuʻu ʻeleʻele kuʻi.
He mea kaua weliweli loa kēia - ʻoiʻoi e like me nā pahi, nā ʻiʻo e ʻeli maʻalahi i ka ʻiʻo o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, pili a luku hoʻi i nā moku nui. ʻAʻole nui ka make mai ka helu o nā ʻeha ma ke kahe ʻana i ke kahe. ʻO ka plumage o ka tarsus a me nā manamana lima a i ʻole ka ʻole ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano kī kī.
Kūleʻa ka plumage, ma ka manawa hemo ʻole, kahi e hōʻoia ai i ka neʻe mālie. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka plumage kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona a ke kākoʻo nei - ʻo ka masking no ka pueo kahi mea nui e pono ai i ka lā. I ka mālamalama, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea no ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana mai nā manu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka leo nui o ka plumage ʻeleʻele me nā aniani melemele, a melemele ākea paha, ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, lehu-uahi, me nā ʻano ʻano ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi.
Ma ke poʻo e ʻike ʻia nā ʻūlū elongated o nā hulu, i kū i ka neʻe i ka ʻano o ka manu. ʻAʻole lākou i hōʻoia ʻepekema e pili pololei i ka mea hoʻolohe pepeiao. Manaʻo kekahi mau kiaʻi manu iā lākou he ʻano catchers mua o nā kani - kahi ʻano auricle.
I ka manawa e piʻi ai ka ʻēheu i ʻelua a ʻoi mau mika, a ʻo ka lele he mea hiʻona. Kūleʻa a hohonu ka kahili, hoʻololi me ka hoʻolālā. Hoʻomohala wale lākou i ka wikiwiki ke ʻike lākou i nā pio a lilo i mea pono e lālau. He pōkole a he waena paha ka lōʻihi o ka huelo, poepoe a pāʻani i kahi kuleana nui i ka hoʻolālā.
Hoihoi ka maka o ka pueo: nui a poepoe, me nā ʻalani ʻalani, melemele a ʻulaʻula paha. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano i nā maka ʻeleʻele. Nānā wale lākou i mua a noho me ka neʻe ʻole. Huli wale ke poʻo - hiki i ka manu ke hoʻohuli iā 270 kekelē. Kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo nui e ʻike ka pueo i nā mea ʻole i ke ao, kā lākou ʻike, a i nā hola o ke ao, he pae kiʻekiʻe.
Kupaianaha nō hoʻi ka leo o ka pueo. I loko o nā pueo a pau, he "repertoire" paʻakikī a ʻano ʻokoʻa lākou. ʻO kahi laʻana, i kahi pueo ʻaeto Nepalese, ua like nā kani me ka ʻōlelo a ke kanaka, ka mea i makaʻu loa ai ka manu i ka heluna kamaʻāina. I ka wā moekolohe, nui ke kamaʻilio ʻana o nā manu - like ko lākou kani me ka uē ʻana, ka ʻūlū ʻana, ka ʻū ʻana, ka humuhumu ʻana a me ke kanikau ʻana. No kēia mau kani, i kekahi mau ʻāina, ua kapa ʻia ka pueo, he scarecrows, a ʻo kā lākou cackle pō i hāpai i nā kaʻao e pili ana i ka goblin a me nā kikimor e noho ana i ka nahele.
Ka nohona a me ka lawena
He manu noho kaʻawale nā pueo, nā kau ma ka ʻāina like. Lele ia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe me ka makemake nui ʻole, a ke hiki ʻole ke hānai i nā wahi i noho ʻia. ʻO nā mea neʻe neʻe nā ʻano ʻākau e lele i ka hema i ka hoʻoilo no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ke noho pū nei kahi kāne ma kahi hoʻokahi no nā makahiki he nui, i kekahi manawa i ko lāua ola holoʻokoʻa. Kiaʻi lili nā manu i kā lākou ʻāina, a hiki i 80 km2.
He haʻahaʻa loa kā lākou hana i ke ao a hoʻonui me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō a me ka pō. Hiki iā ia ke alualu a wanaʻao me kahi hoʻomaha pōkole. ʻAi koke nā pueo aeto i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, lawe ʻia nā mea nui aku i kahi mehameha, mai nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.
Hoihoi ia! Hoihoi ke ʻano o ka ʻālua holoholona. Hoʻoweliweli kekahi mau ʻano me ko lākou kani i nā manu o ke ao e hiamoe ana a i ʻole nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, e koi ana iā lākou e ala aʻe a kolo paha i waho o ka hale. Pepehi pinepine ka pueo i nā manu i ka lele.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wanaʻao, hoʻi nā pueo i ko lākou wahi mehameha e hoʻomaha a ʻānai i ka mea i ʻai ʻia. ʻO ka maʻa o ka peʻe ʻana mai nā manu ʻē aʻe e moe ana i kahi ʻano inaina ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā manu ʻē aʻe - ke ʻike nei i kahi pueo, lele lākou ma luna ona, e hoʻāʻo nei e hana i nā mea hōʻino i hiki. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hōʻino nui, akā hoʻopilikia pinepine lākou i ka hoʻomaha ʻana, ʻo ia ke kī o ka huli holomua i ka pō.
Ehia mau pueo e ola nei
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā manu ma ke ʻano he kenekulia. I ka nahelehele, ke kaulike ke ola o ko lākou ola ma kahi o 14-16 mau makahiki, 25 mau makahiki keu, i ka noho pio ʻana e ola kekahi mau kānaka a 50 mau makahiki paha. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ola nā pueo tamed no 70 mau makahiki.
Nā ʻano puehu aeto
Pueo aeto (Bubo bubo) kahi lunamaka maʻamau o ka genus Owls, ka mea nui o nā laha. Hoʻololi ke kala i ka wahi mai ka pala a me ka brown i ka kirimalu. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā koʻokoʻo, nā rana, nā hunts no nā ʻāpana, nā mea ulu lāʻau, nā ʻūlū. Loaʻa ia ma nā panalāʻau o ka ʻEulopa ʻĀkau a me ʻAkau ʻAkau o ʻAmelika ma ka ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa o Eurasia, a ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau hoʻi.
Pueo iʻa (Bubo blakistoni) He lālani ʻaneʻane pau ia i loaʻa ma nā ulu lāʻau o Manchuria, Iāpana, a me ka Hikina hikina. ʻAʻole ia he haʻahaʻa ma ka nui i kahi pueo maʻamau, a i kekahi manawa ua ʻoi aku iā lākou - hiki i ka ʻēheu o kahi pue iʻa ke hiki i ʻelua a me ka hapa mika. He ʻeleʻele ke kala, monochromatic. ʻO nā manamana wāwae a me nā tarsus ke hoʻomaka nei. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia pūnana manu ʻana i nā lāʻau nui nunui. ʻImi ia i ka iʻa - salmon, gobies, rudd.
Pueo Nepalese (ʻO Bubo nipalensis) He manu laha ʻole, ʻuʻuku ma waena o nā pueo ʻaeto - he nui ka nui o kā lākou nui i ka hapalua mika. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā mea kolo, nā pheasants, emi iki ka iʻa. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e like kona leo me ke kanaka, ʻo ia ke kumu e nui ai nā kaʻao hoʻoweliweli e pili ana i ka manu i kāna mau wahi noho.
Pueo pueo (ʻO Bubo virginianus) He manu neʻekau neʻe ia e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO kahi lunamaka waena o ka genus a hiki i 63 cm ka lōʻihi. Hoʻololi ka plumage mai ka ʻulaʻula a me ka terracotta i ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo. Hiki i ka pueo aeto Virginia ke ʻimi ʻelua i nā pio a me nā moʻo nui, nā toads a me nā salamanders. Noho lākou i nā pālua wale nō no ka manawa o ka pūnana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā moa.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO nā pueo aeto kekahi o nā manu manu lele maʻamau - hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina ʻo Eurasia, ʻApelika, ʻAmelika. Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, noho lākou a puni ka ʻāina. ʻO nā biotopes kahi e noho ai nā manu he wao nahele, mauna, ulu lāʻau, loko a me nā kapa muliwai.
Pili lākou i nā kānaka me ka ʻole o ka makaʻu, hiki ke noho kokoke i ka ʻāina mahiʻai, ke kōkua nei i ka luku ʻia o nā rodent pests. I ke koho ʻana o nā wahi noho, alakaʻi wale ʻia lākou e ke alo o kahi waihona meaʻai. ʻAno maʻalahi nā manu ʻĀkau i nā mahana haʻahaʻa.
ʻAi pueo ʻaeto
ʻIke nā pueo aeto i nā rodents liʻiliʻi, nā hares, nā hedgehogs, nā rana, nā manu: nā partridges, nā ʻeleʻele, nā nūnū, nā ʻio, nā ʻau hazel. Alualu pinepine ʻia nā squirrels; mai kānalua e hoʻopilikia iā lākou me nā ʻalalā, ʻōpeʻapeʻa. Hōʻiliʻili nā ʻano liʻiliʻi i nā ʻelala, nā ilo, nā ʻenuhe. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia no nā alopeke holoholona, nā dia, nā martens a me nā ferrets, nā raccoons, nā ʻino a me nā ʻohana pili pū kekahi - pueo. ʻO nā manu e noho kokoke ana i ka iʻa alualu wai. ʻO kekahi ʻano, e like me ka pueo iʻa, hana ʻaneʻane i kā lākou papaʻai āpau mai ka iʻa. Loaʻa pinepine nā hihia o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā pūnana manu a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā moa.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hiki i ka aeto pueo ke kapa ʻia i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kaulahao meaʻai - ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole makaʻu kahi manu makua i ka hoʻouka kaua e nā mea ʻinoʻino ʻē aʻe. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻa nā bea a me nā ʻīlio hae e hoʻouka i nā ʻōpio, akā he kakaikahi loa nā hihia. Hiki i nā parasite plumage a me nā maʻi i hāpai ʻia e nā manu ke hoʻoweliweli i nā manu.
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka ʻenemi nui o ka manu he kāne... I ka wā ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻino nā pueoeto i nā hana mahiʻai, a ua aneane pau loa nā manu i ka luku ʻia. I kēia mau lā, ke luku ʻia nei ko lākou wahi noho, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā pueo aeto i ka hele pinepine ʻana ma ka nahele. Hōʻike ʻia ka hana a ke kanaka i nā manu i ke ʻano ma hope o ka deratization, hiki i kekahi mau koʻokoʻo ʻino ke hāʻule i loko o nā wāwae o nā mea ʻaihue, a laila ʻona ʻia me kahi kupapaʻu a make koke.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pāʻani māne i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo - ka wanaʻao (Pepeluali-Malaki). Hoʻonohonoho nā kānaka makua moekolohe o ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola i nā oli a me nā hulahula ʻana - no ka laʻana, kūlou nā pueo ʻo Virginia i kekahi i kekahi, e pīpī nei i ko lākou mau hua. Ma waena o nā moʻo moena, he hana maʻamau nā pueo iʻa - ʻo kēia ka mea e hōʻoia ai ke kāne e hiki iā ia ke hānai i ka wahine e noho ana ma nā hua.
ʻAʻole kūkulu ka hapa nui o nā pueo i kahi pūnana - kau pono nā hua i ka honua, i nā lua liʻiliʻi ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau, i waena o nā pōhaku, i nā ʻāpana pōhaku. Hoʻohana kekahi i nā pūnana o nā manu ʻē aʻe i waiho ʻia i pūnana. Loaʻa i nā paʻa lima mai ʻekolu a ʻelima paha mau hua, a moe nā wahine me kahi wā o 2-4 mau lā. Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua manu iā lākou iho, me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i ka pūnana, no hoʻokahi mahina. I kēia manawa, hānai ke kāne i ka wahine, e lawe mai ana i kāna mea pio. Inā haʻalele ka wahine i ka pūnana mai ka pōloli, luku pinepine ʻia.
Hoihoi ia! I ka manawa i hana ʻia, ʻaʻole hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi pālua i nā ʻano he nui, ʻoiai ma hope o ka pūnana ʻana a me ka puka ʻana mai o nā moa, ʻimi ʻokoʻa ka kāne a me ka wahine. Eia nō naʻe, pale pū lākou i ko lākou panalāʻau a ikaika loa.
ʻO nā hua i ka nui i kēlā me kēia kanaka nui ma kahi o 5-7 cm ka lōʻihi, i uhi ʻia me kahi pūpū kūpikipiki, e lilo i mea maʻalahi e ka manawa e hānai ai nā keiki moa. Hiki i nā hua manu ke kaupaona a hiki i 72 gram a loaʻa ke anawaena o 4-5 cm.
ʻO ke kaumaha o nā pueo hānau hou he awelika o 60 gram a uhi ʻia me ka keʻokeʻo mānoanoa i lalo. Ma hope o ka hatch, paʻa mau ka maka no hoʻokahi pule. He momona loa nā Chicks - i nā lā mua wale nō e hānai ka wahine iā lākou me nā meaʻai i lawe ʻia mai e ke kāne, ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻāpana. Ma hope o ʻekolu mau pule, haʻalele nā mākua ʻelua i ka ʻimi holoholona. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka pueo kā lākou moa cannibalism - hiki i kahi moa ikaika a ʻoi aku ka nui ke pepehi a ʻai i kā lākou mau hoa nāwaliwali.
Hoʻomaka ʻo Chicks e mākaʻikaʻi i ka honua a puni lākou i ka makahiki o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau pule paha... Noho ka pueo aeto i ka manawa nui i ka huakaʻi wāwae, ma ka wā ʻōpio a makua hoʻi. No kahi mamao iki, hiki i nā moa ke lele i loko o ʻelua mau mahina, a lawe piha nā manu ʻekolu mahina i ko lākou mau ʻeheu. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke noi i ka meaʻai mai nā mākua a ʻeono mau mahina.
I ke ola kūʻokoʻa manuahi, lele pinepine nā moa i ka makahiki o 6-7 mau mahina, akā aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hoihoi loa. Hiki i nā mākua ke aʻo i nā moa hoʻokahi makahiki hoʻokahi e ʻimi holoholona a iʻa. He ʻoiaʻiʻo nō kēia o nā pueo iʻa - aia kekahi mau hihia o ka "hānai ʻia" ʻana i ia manawa, i ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia me ka pīpī ʻōpio, hānai nā mākua i ka mea makua, ma ke ala e aʻo ai iā ia e lawaiʻa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I Lūkia, he nui ka nui o nā aeto pueo ma muli o ka luku ʻole ʻia o nā manu i ke kenekulia iwakālua ma ka ʻāina o ka USSR ma mua, a ua helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book e like me ka emi ʻana, a me ka hoʻoweliweli pinepine. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia i loko o nā ʻaelike kūwaho he nui no ka pale ʻana o nā manu, pale ʻia a puni ka honua i nā mālama a me nā mālama.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka helu maoli o nā subspecies pākahi. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka nui o kekahi mau heluna kaiāulu, a pinepine ka liʻiliʻi - mai 15 a 340 pālua. I ka Trans-Urals a me Siberia, ʻano laha ʻole a sporadic ia. E hoʻopiha hou i nā heluna manu, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻohua i ka pio... Hiki i nā pueo aeto Tamed ke hana pono me ka maikaʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā hihia o ka hoʻokuʻu kūleʻa ʻana o nā manu i ka nahelehele.
