ʻO kēia mau manu ʻoluʻolu a ʻeleu hoʻi i makemake ʻia e nā mea aloha manu. He launa nui ka siskin a ʻaʻole makaʻu iki i nā kānaka, a ʻoiai, ʻoiai kona inoa maʻalahi a me ka lehulehu, he nui nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka siskin
ʻO Siskin kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha o passerines. Liʻiliʻi kēia manu. Ma ka awelika hiki aku i 12 knm ka lōʻihi, me ke kaupaona o 10 a 18 g.
Helehelena
He poʻo liʻiliʻi ko ka siskin me nā maka lanahu-ʻeleʻele a me kahi kino poepoe, ʻelua a ʻekolu mau manawa ka nui o ke poʻo ponoʻī, kahi nuku ʻāpana hina ʻekolu a me nā wāwae ʻeleʻele lahilahi me nā manamana lima kuʻi a me nā māiʻuʻu pōkole, no laila maʻalahi ia e pili i nā lālā.
ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka siskin he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele, me ka hoʻopili ʻia o nā kala ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻoliva. I loko o ka siskin wahine, uhi ʻia ka ʻōpū i nā kaha ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā kiko. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ke kāne a ʻoi aku ka ʻōlinolino ma mua o ko ka wahine, ʻo nā hulu i ka huelo a me nā ʻeheu, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a me ka melemele, a ma ke poʻo he kiko o ka hulu ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā hulu ʻeleʻele, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "pāpale", a e ʻike ʻia kahi kiko ʻeleʻele iki a i ʻole "penny" ma ka auwae.
Ka nohona a me ka lawena
Hiki iā Chizhi ke hele a hoʻomaha ʻole a chaotic hoʻi i kā lākou ʻano ma muli o kā lākou hana. Akā ʻaʻole pēlā. ʻO nā manu o kēia ʻano he pilina paʻa loa, he ʻōnaehana hierarchical i nā hipa, a pili pū kekahi ʻano e pili ana i ka "kaʻana like" ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi, regurgitation o nā meaʻai i kekahi lālā o ka ʻohana mai ka hui nui. Mālama mau ʻo Chizhi i nā pālua, keu hoʻi i ka pūnana ʻana i ke kauwela. Pili pū ke kāne a me ka wahine i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pūnana o ka ʻohana, makemake e kūkulu ma luna o ka lāʻau, coniferous pinepine.
Hoihoi ia!Hoʻomaʻo pinepine lākou e noho kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua. Ma kahi kokoke i ke kauwela, hana nā sisks i nā hipa liʻiliʻi, a i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka ka neʻe. ʻO ka maʻamau, inā noho kahi siskin ma kahi mehana, ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻololi i ka wahi.
No laila, noho nō nā hipa ma kahi a lākou e noho ai, a lele paha ma kahi mamao, kokoke i nā nāhelehele deciduous a huikau paha. A inā kū kekahi loko wai hau ʻole i ke ala, e noho ka pūʻulu ma laila no ka hoʻoilo. I kekahi manawa hana ʻia kahi ʻāpana o kekahi ʻohana hipa nui e lele aʻe ana, ʻoiai koe kekahi i kahi like. Hoʻāʻo mau nā ʻāpana e pili pū, e noho kokoke ana. Hiki i ʻeono pālua me nā pūnana ke kau ʻia ma nā kumu lāʻau pili ʻelua.
ʻO ke mele sonorous o nā siskin, e hoʻokumu nei i kahi leʻaleʻa a me ke aloha, hiki ke ʻike ʻia mau. Ma waho aʻe o kāna "ʻano" kūlohelohe o ke mele ʻana, hiki i ka siskin ke hiki ke parody maikaʻi i kona mau hoalauna - nā manu o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, keu hoʻi nā tits. Kaulana nā siskin e like me nā holoholona ponoʻī no kā lākou mele maikaʻi a me ke ʻano maluhia.
Ehia mau siskin e ola nei
Mai 1955 a 1995, e kani ana nā mea ʻike ornithologists ma kahi o 15 tausani mau kānaka ma ka moku ʻo Leningrad. I ka wā o ka hopu hou ʻia ʻana, ua hoʻololi ʻia he ʻelua wale nō o nā mea kani i ola i nā makahiki 3.5, hoʻokahi a 6 mau makahiki, a ua ola kekahi i nā makahiki 8. Ma 1985, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke ola o kahi siskin 25 makahiki, akā ʻo kēia, he kumu ʻokoʻa.
I ke kūlohelohe, ma muli o ka likelike o ka hoʻouka a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻana o ka pūnana, a me ka neʻe mau ʻana, ʻo ka makahiki maʻamau o kahi siskin he 1.5 mau makahiki wale nō, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻololi hou ka heluna kanaka i loko o 2 mau makahiki. I ka noho pio ʻana, e ola lōʻihi ka siskin, a i 9-10 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale manu nui loa... Noho ʻo Chizhi ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, e hoʻomaka ana mai Scandinavia a me Pinilana, me ka hikina o Palani, a hiki i ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka ʻāina nui ma nā kapakai o ke kai ʻo Okhotsk a me Iapana, a ʻo Siberia hoʻi, Transbaikalia, Crimea, Ukraine, ʻo Greater a me Lesser Caucasus. Loaʻa paha ia i nā mokupuni Pelekane, Sakhalin, Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan, Hokkaido, etc. Nui a hewahewa hoʻi nā ʻano e noho nei ma ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema, Pokukala, Brazil. ʻOiai he manu neʻe ka siskin, a ʻaneʻane hoʻololi mau i kona wahi noho, hiki ke loaʻa ʻaneʻane ma nā wahi āpau.
Ma muli o kēia, hoʻololi pinepine ka heluna kanaka i hoʻokahi a i ʻole mau ʻano siskin, aia ma kahi o 20 o lākou holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka maʻamau, i nā kau mahana, ke oʻo nā hua, hoʻololi nā siskin i ko lākou wahi noho. Ma muli o kēia kumumanaʻo, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia no ke aha he nui nā wahi o kēia ʻano. Aloha ʻo Chizhi i ka nahele a me nā wahi mauna, nā ulu lāʻau spruce. Makemake lākou e noho i kahi kiʻekiʻe e like me ka hiki mai ka honua aku; noho lākou i kahi o ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i ka lele. Hiki ke loaʻa nā siskins i nā ulu lāʻau o nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a me nā nāhelehele. Noho pū lākou i nā wahi noho, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i nā pāka a me nā pā.
ʻAi Siskin
Aloha ʻo Chizhi i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi e like me ka aphids, nā ʻenuhe a me nā butterflies, a me nā mauʻu a me nā ʻanoʻano lāʻau. Pili ka papaʻai i ka wā. ʻO Dandelion a me nā hua poppy kahi mea mālama na lākou i ke kauwela. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻohi i nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu o Compositae e like me ke kākalaioa, ka pua pua kō a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e like me ka wort o St. John, meadowsweet a me sorrel.
Mea nui! No ka poʻe makemake e mālama i nā manu moa i loko o ka hale, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu i ka papaʻai o nā siskin, e like me nā ʻoma, kāloti, kāpeti. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo i nā ʻoka a me nā ʻanoʻano ʻē aʻe, i ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka meaʻai canary, i kāu papaʻai.
Mai nā kumu lāʻau deciduous, makemake lākou i nā hua birch a me nā alder, poplar. I ka mea pio, kōkua wale ʻia lākou e nā manamana lahilahi me nā māiʻii lou-like a me ka nuku kihi. Mai nā conifers, makemake lākou i ka spruce, ka fir, ka pine, a pēlā pū kekahi, inā laki lākou, ke pua nā conifers o ka conifers i ka wā puna, ʻoliʻoli nā siskin i nā hua hua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He paʻakikī loa ka ʻike ʻana i nā skisins, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou pūnana, i camouflaged pono ʻia mai nā ʻenemi, aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 7 a 17 mau mika ma luna o ka honua.
Hoʻopili ʻia i nā lālā liʻiliʻi a me nā lau o ka mauʻu, ma waho e uhi ʻia i nā ʻupena, nā laikini a me nā limu, kahi e ʻokoʻa ai ka pūnana mai nā lālā lāʻau. ʻO ka makaʻu nui o ka siskin nā manu o ka manu e like me ka falcon a i kahi pueo, i hiki ke hoʻouka i ka wā o ka pūnana a i ʻole ma mua a ma hope hoʻi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ke waliwali loa nā hua.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, ke ʻimi nei ka siskin i hoa kāne no ka hānau ʻana... I ka wā o ka moena ʻana, ka mea maʻa mau ʻia e ka hana pū ʻana o ka pūnana, ʻumeʻume ka kāne i ke mele me kahi mele a "trill" a ʻo ka hulahula i kapa ʻia a puni ka wahine (hoʻāla ka kāne i kāna huelo a me nā ʻōwili). Eia kekahi, he ʻano ko ka mele a ka siskin, i loko o kekahi mau ʻāpana, nā chirps like ʻole, nā trills, nā leo a me nā kikeke.
ʻO ka wahine hoʻi, hui pū i ka lele, a hoʻopuni lākou ʻelua no ka manawa lōʻihi, e hoʻopaʻa ana i kā lākou hui. Hana ʻia kahi pūnana manu ma ke ʻano o ke pola o nā aʻa a me nā lālā, ua uhi ʻia ka lalo a i ʻole ka pā i loko, a hoʻopīpī iā ia me ka fluff a me ka limu. I kekahi manawa kau ka siskin i nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi i ka pūnana. I loko o kahi kaʻao Kelemania he moʻolelo e mālama ana kahi siskin i kahi pōhaku hoʻokalakupua i kāna pūnana. Ma hope o kēia, hoʻomaka ke kahua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua.
Hoihoi ia!Hoʻomoe ʻo Chizhi i nā hua i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki, i ka mua o ʻApelila-Mei a me Iune-mua o Iulai. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻaʻohe mea ʻoi aku ma mua o 5-6 o lākou i kahi paʻa. ʻO lākou iho he ʻano pear-like ʻole. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa paha nā hua i hoʻokahi paʻa i ka nui a me ke kala. Hiki ke kala i ke keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka uliuli a i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo me nā kikoʻeleʻele a me nā kaha.
ʻO ka manawa incubation mau ma kahi o ʻelua mau pule, a ʻoiai ka wahine e hoʻoulu ana i nā hua manu, pale ka kāne i ka pūnana ma nā ʻano kūpono āpau a lawe mai i ka meaʻai. Ma hope o ka hatching, aia nā moa ma lalo o ka kiaʻi hope a ko lākou mau mākua no ʻelua mau pule hou aʻe, lawe lākou iā lākou i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi, nā ʻenuhe, nā beetles waiwai i ka protein, pono no ka ulu ʻana o ka pua.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Korolki (lat.regulus)
- Belobrovik (lat.Turdus iliacus)
- ʻO Finch (Fringílla coélebs)
- Manu Klest (Lohia)
Ke hoʻomaka nei ka wahine e kūkulu i kahi pūnana hou kokoke e hoʻomaka i kahi pōʻai pūnana hou, ʻoiai ke kāne, ʻoiai e hānai i ka hua mua. A laila haʻalele nā keiki i ka pūnana makua, ke lawa ka momona o ke kino i ka plumage, akā hoʻomau ka wahine a me ke kāne i ke kōkua i ka ʻōpio e kiʻi i ka meaʻai, "alualu" maʻalahi iā lākou, e hoʻāʻo nei e aʻo i nā mea āpau e pono ai ke ola.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO Siskin no ka ʻohana finch a me ka genus o goldfinches. ʻO ka heluna nui o ka honua o nā siskin ma kahi o 30 miliona mau kānaka. Pono e hoʻomaopopo he nui nā ʻano o kēia laha, no ka laʻana, ka ʻAmelike ʻAkau ʻAmelika a i ʻole ka Golden Siskin, ka mea maʻa mau ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika.
He ʻalani kona aniani nani, a i kona lele ʻana i Mekiko no ka hoʻoilo, hoʻololi ia i kona kala i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Aia kekahi siskin Mekiko, e noho nui nei i nā kuahiwi, nona ke ʻano like me ka lāhui ʻAmelika, aia wale nō ka ʻokoʻa ma kahi "pāpale" nui a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ma ke poʻo.
Akahele loa ka laha, a ma ke ʻano he paʻakikī loa i ke kanaka ke loaʻa. ʻAʻole ʻālohilohi ka ʻalani siskin me kona mau hoa, akā ua waiho nā kaha melemele i nā hulu lele. A, maliʻa paha, ʻo ka lunamakaʻaka nani loa o ka siskin hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo ka siskin ahi, nona ka ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻulaʻula i loko o kāna mau hua. ʻOi aku ka nui aku. Pale ʻia kēia ʻano, ʻokoʻa ka ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Hoihoi ia!Ma ka hoʻoholo a ka International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), ua hāʻawi ʻia ka Chyzh i ke kūlana o Least Concern, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i kekahi hui pilikia.
He mea maʻalahi ke hālāwai ʻana me kahi siskin inā ʻoe e hele i waho i ke kūlohelohe a noho manawa i ka ulu lāʻau. Nui ka ʻepekema e hoʻopaʻapaʻa he siskin, aia i ka nāhelehele, e ʻae nō i kahi kanaka e hoʻokokoke loa. ʻO kēia mea nani, i aloha nui ʻia e nā mea he nui, ua ʻike ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i nā moʻolelo a me nā kaʻao, a he holoholona ʻoluʻolu hoʻi "ʻoluʻolu", unpretentious a me kahi leo kupaianaha. Hiki iā Siskin ke lanakila i ka puʻuwai, ma ka noho pio ʻana a ma ka nāhelehele hoʻi.
