ʻO Cuckoos (lat. ʻO nā manu mai ke ʻoka ʻo Cuckoo-like ka laha ma waena o ka Hemisphere hikina holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻo ka mea ʻokoʻa nui loa i ʻike ʻia i nā tropika ʻo ʻAsia.
Hōʻike o ka cuckoo
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻohana ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻano, akā ʻo ka ʻāpana kaulana paha ka cuckoo maʻamau, nona ka ʻaoʻao kūwaho e ʻike kokoke ʻia ma nā wahi āpau.
Helehelena
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi manu makua 35-38 cm, a ʻo ka huelo ma mua o 13-18 cm. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻēheu ma waena o 50-55 knm. ʻO ke kino o ke kāne makua ʻaʻole ma mua o 130 g. He wāwae pōkole a ikaika hoʻi ka manu.... ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho o nā kāne a me nā wahine makua ʻokoʻa. He huelo hina ʻeleʻele ko ke kāne a hoʻi i hope. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi o ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma a hiki i ka ʻōpū e ka pena hina hina. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino, māmā ka plumage, me ke kū ʻana o nā kaha ʻeleʻele. ʻEʻeleʻele ka nuku i ke kala a melemele nā wāwae i ke kala.
Hoihoi ia! Ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻo Cuckoos i ʻelua mau manawa i ka makahiki, me ka hapa molting e hana ʻia i ke kauwela, ʻoiai ke nānā ʻia kahi kaʻina hana piha i ka hoʻoilo wale nō.
ʻO ka plumage o ka wahine e like me ka predominance o nā ʻulaʻula a me nā aka brown. ʻO ke kua a me ke poʻo e hele i nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā hulu a pau loa i ka maka keʻokeʻo i ʻike maka ʻia. Mālamalama ka umauma i ke kala, me nā ʻike keʻokeʻo e ʻike maopopo ʻia a ākea, a me nā kaha ʻeleʻele ʻikiʻiki. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka wahine makua, ma ke ʻano he rula, 110 g. ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻōpio keʻokeʻo ʻulaʻula me nā kaha ʻeleʻele ma ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o ke kino.
Ka nohona a me ka lawena
He manu hūnā ʻo Cuckoos a akahele hoʻi i nā manu, me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i nā koina o kā lākou hana. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki i ka cuckoo ke haʻi leo nui aku i nā mea āpau e pili ana i kona alo, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i nā poʻe e alakaʻi i kahi nānā. ʻAʻole kūpono ka poʻe lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Cuckoo i ka neʻe ʻana i ka honua, no laila, ma hope o ka iho ʻana i lalo no ka mea pio, lele kiki nā manu e lele i hope me ka hiki.
ʻO ka pīhoihoi ke hele i ka honua ma muli o nā wāwae wāwae ʻelua, kahi e ʻae ai nā manu i nā ʻanuʻu me ka lele. No laila, haʻalele ka hulu i ka mamao i makemake ʻia, a i kēia hihia, ʻaʻole paʻa nā māka paw.
Hoihoi ia! He māmā a lele wikiwiki ka lele ʻana o kahi cuckoo makua, e like me ke ʻano o ka lele ʻana o kahi falcon a me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe he nui o nā manu hawk.
Makemake ʻo Cuckoos e noho kaʻawale, a ʻo ka makemake e moe wale e ala wale i ka wā o ka male ʻana. Kūlike ka ʻāpana ʻāina o kēlā me kēia manu me kona mau makahiki, akā hiki paha i ke kāne ke "ʻae" i kahi ʻāpana o kāna "waiwai" i ka wahine.
Ehia mau cucko e ola nei
Ma waena o nā ʻōuli o ke ola o nā manu, hiki ke huli ʻia kekahi ʻano... Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā manu ma mua o nā mea liʻiliʻi. Wahi a nā ʻike he nui, ʻo ke ola o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Cuckoo ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumi mau makahiki, akā ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i nā ʻūlū ke ola ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi.
Nā ʻano ʻūlū
ʻO nā ʻano maʻa mau mai ka ʻohana Cuckoo:
- ʻO Great Hawk Cuckoo (Сuсulus srapervoides);
- ʻO Indian Hawk Cuckoo (Susulus varius);
- ʻO ka ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi (Susulus vagans);
- Puʻu ʻūhā ākea (Susulus fugax);
- ʻO ka cuckoo Pilipino (Susulus restoralis);
- ʻO ka hawk cuckoo ʻInidonesia (Susulus crassirostris);
- ʻO ka umauma ʻulaʻula (Susulus solitarius);
- Cuckoo ʻeleʻele (Susulus clamosus);
- ʻŪpiki ʻĀnia (Susulus microrterus);
- Cuckoo maʻamau (Susulus canorus);
- Cuckoo maʻamau ʻApelika (Susulus gularis);
- ʻO ka Deaf Cuckoo (Susulus ortatus);
- Cuckoo ʻōlapa-Malay (Susulus leridus);
- Little cuckoo (Susulus polioserhalus);
- ʻAlalā ʻo Madagascar (Cuculus rochii).
Hōʻike ʻia nā cuckoos ʻekolu mau ʻano nui:
- nā mākua polygamous me nā ʻano parasitism e pūnana ai, e noho nui nei ma ʻApelika a me Eurasia;
- poʻe monogamous e hana pālua a hānai i kā lākou keiki, e noho nei i ʻAmelika.
ʻO nā ʻano hoʻololi: hiki ke hānai kūʻokoʻa i nā moa a i ʻole ke kīloi ʻana i nā hua i nā manu ʻē aʻe, hānai ʻana i nā keiki a me ka noho ʻana i nā pūnana o haʻi, hoʻolei i nā moa a kōkua i nā mākua hānai i nā keiki
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka pae kuʻuna a me ka nohona o ka cuckoo e pili ana i nā ʻano laha o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Cuckoo. ʻO kahi laʻana, loaʻa ʻo Great Hawk Cuckoo ma nā ululāʻau mauna mau loa o India, Nepal, Sumatra a me Borneo, ʻoiai ʻo ka Hawk Cuckoo India e noho ana i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka subcontcent India.
Hoihoi ia! Noho nā lālā nominative o ka cuckoo ākea ākea ma ka hema o Burma a me Thailand, ma Malaysia a me Singapore, ma Borneo a me Sumatra.
ʻIke ʻia ka cuckoo Pilipino ma kahi ʻāpana nui o nā mokupuni nui loa ma Filipaina, a ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻāiwi ʻo Indonesia kahi hopena o Sulawesi ma Indonesia. ʻO ka umauma ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻeleʻele, a ʻo ka cuckoo maʻamau o ʻApelika e noho ana ma ʻApelika Hema, a ʻo ka laulā o ka cuckoo Malay Sunda e ʻaneʻane uhi i ka Peninsula Malay. I ko mākou ʻāina, ʻo nā laha ākea ākea loa ka Deaf Cuckoo a me ka Common Cuckoo.
ʻAiʻai Cuckoo
ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻai a ka cuckoo nā ʻelala i ke ʻano o nā ʻenuhe a me nā nalo lāʻau, nāna e hōʻeha i nā lau a me nā kumu lāʻau.... Ma waho aʻe o nā mea kolo, ʻai nā cuckoos i kekahi mau hua a me nā hua, ʻai ikaika i nā hua o nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe, a me kā lākou mau moa.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He mau ʻenemi ko nā mākua makua no ko lākou wikiwiki i ka lele. Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia ka cuckoo e ka oriole, nā shrikes, nā lele lele hina, nā warblers a me nā warblers. ʻO nā Predators, me nā ʻalopeke a me nā martens, nā pōpoki a me nā wea, kahi mea weliweli i kēlā mau manu. ʻO nā Crows a me nā jays kekahi-pōā pūnana pūnana.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, hoʻi nā cuckoos mai ʻApelika i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a me ʻĀkia, i ko lākou mau kahua paʻa kuʻuna. Ma ke ʻano he rula, noho kaʻawale ia mau manu, a hiki i ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana teritori o ke kāne makua ke piʻi i kekahi mau hectares. Noho pinepine nā wahine ma nā panalāʻau liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke kūlana nui no ke koho ʻana i kahi panalāʻau ke kū ʻana o nā pūnana o nā manu ʻē aʻe i loko o nā ʻāina i noho ʻia.
Hoihoi ia! I ka wā hānau, hoʻomomona kekahi kāne makua i kekahi mau wahine i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole i kūkulu i nā pūnana i ka hapanui o nā hihia, akā nānā pono i nā manu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka hoihoi i nā cuckoos na nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana Sparrow, i kapa ʻia he "songbirds" i ka poʻe maʻamau. I loko o nā kenekulia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka genetability adaptability o kēlā me kēia lālani makuahine o nā cuckoos i kekahi ʻano manu, e wehewehe ana i ka like o waho o nā hua cuckoo me nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Ke kali hoʻomanawanui loa nei ka wahine no ka manawa ke koho ʻia nā "makua hānai" i wae ʻia i ko lākou pūnana no kekahi manawa pōkole, a ma hope e lele a waiho i kāna hua i loko. I ka manawa like, hoʻolei ʻia ka hua ʻōiwi no nā manu ʻē aʻe e ka cuckoo, ʻai ʻia a lawe ʻia paha me ia. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole ʻike nā manu e hoʻi ana i ka pūnana i ka loli, a ua ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka pīpī cuckoo ma mua o nā moa ʻē aʻe, a laila hoʻāʻo ia e hoʻolei i nā hua a ka haku. ʻO ka pinepine, hiki i ka cuckoo ke kāpae i kāna "mau hoahānau", ma muli o ka hopena o ia wale nō ka mea hakakā no ka meaʻai a me ka nānā i ka pūnana.
Ulu koke nā Cuckoos a koi mau i nā meaʻai he nui. Ma kahi o ʻekolu mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, haʻalele ka ʻōpio ulu a ikaika hoʻi i ka pūnana. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomau ka hānai ʻana o nā mākua hānai iā ia no hoʻokahi mahina, ke kali nei no ka manawa e oʻo piha a hiki ke hānai iā ia iho. I ka wā kauwela, hiki i ka cuckoo ke hoʻolei maʻamau mai ʻekolu a ʻelima mau hua i loko o nā pūnana o haʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pīpī pūnana - ma kahi o ʻekolu mau hua manu i kēlā me kēia kau.
Hoihoi ia! Ke kīloi ʻana i nā hua i nā pūnana o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, hana ke kani a ka cuckoo i mea hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻaka a ʻano like me ka leo o kahi makua makua.
Nui nā mana e wehewehe i ka hiki ʻana o ka pūnana parasitism ma cuckoos.... Wahi a ka mana mua, hiki i ka makuakāne heihei ke ʻeke i nā hua i kau ʻia, no laila hoʻāʻo ka makuahine cuckoo e hoʻopakele i kāna keiki ma kēia ala. Wahi a ka mana ʻelua, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka manawa a ka wahine e hoʻomoe ai i nā hua he lōʻihi loa, a ʻaʻole hiki i ka cuckoo ke hoʻoulu i ka manawa hoʻokahi i kāna keiki a hānai i nā pua puaʻa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Nui nā lālā o ka ʻohana Cuckoo i loaʻa ke kūlana palekana Least Concern. ʻAʻole pili kēlā ʻano i kekahi mahele ʻē aʻe e like me ka ʻikepili o ka International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Eia nō naʻe, aia ka laha o ka ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi i lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o nā wahi noho kuʻuna, no laila, ke hoʻoholo nei nā ʻano i kēia manawa e hoʻihoʻi i ka helu o nā laha i kāna mau hōʻike mua.
