ʻO Sable (Martes zibellina) kahi māmela no ka ʻohana mustelidae (Mustelidae). ʻO kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha Carnivores a me ka genus Martes (Martes), ʻokoʻa ʻaʻole wale i ka nani o waho, akā i ka hulu waiwai nui.
Hōʻike Sable
Mahalo i kona hulu nani, kūpaʻa a pipiʻi hoʻi, ua loaʻa ka inoa ʻelua i ka sable - "ke aliʻi o ka hulu hihiu" a i ʻole "gula palupalu". Hoʻomaopopo nā ʻepekema e pili ana i ʻumikūmāhiku mau ʻano o ka sables me nā kala like ʻole a me ka maikaʻi o ka hulu hipa, a me nā nui. ʻO ka lāhui waiwai nui ka ʻano Barguzin (Martes zibellina rrinsers), i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ka hikina o ke kahakai ʻo Baikal.
Hoihoi ia! I loko o kahi kūlohelohe, kūlohelohe, aia kahi sable keʻokeʻo, kahi lunamakaʻāinana koʻikoʻi loa o ka ʻohana Kunya a noho i kahi taiga hiki ʻole ke hele ʻia.
He kala ʻeleʻele momona o ka ʻili ʻo Sable-barguzin, a me ka huluhulu palulu a me ka silky... Hōʻike ʻia nā mea ʻāpana ʻāpana māmā me ka hulu a me ka hulu pōkole:
- Nā ʻāpana Sakhalin (Martes zibellina sahalinensis);
- Nā lālā ʻo Yenisei (Martes zibellina yenisejensis);
- Nā ʻāpana Sayan (Martes zibellina sаjаnensis).
ʻO ka Yakut sable (Martes zibellina jakutensis) a me nā subspecies Kamchatka (Martes zibellina kamtshadalisa) ʻaʻohe hulu waiwai liʻiliʻi.
Helehelena
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka sable makua ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 55-56 cm, me ka lōʻihi o ka huelo a 19-20 cm. ʻO ke kino o nā kāne he ʻokoʻa ma waena o 0.88-1.8 kg, a ʻo nā wahine - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.70-1.56 kg.
He loli loa ke kala o ka ʻili sable, a ʻo nā ʻano ʻokoʻa āpau e nā inoa kūikawā.
- "Head" - ʻo kēia ka ʻeleʻele loa, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele kala;
- ʻO "Fur" kahi waihoʻoluʻu hoihoi, māmā loa, one melemele a i ʻole nā aka fawn.
Hoihoi ia!Pono e hoʻomaopopo he nui aku ka nui o nā kāne sable ma mua o nā wahine, ma kahi o ka hapaʻumi o ka nui o ke kaumaha o ke kino.
Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, aia kekahi mau kala waena, me "collar", kahi e hui maikaʻi i nā kani brown me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kāʻei ʻeleʻele i ka hope, a me nā ʻaoʻao māmā a me kahi kiko o ka ʻāʻī nui. ʻO ka mea ʻaihue me kahi waha o ka ʻaihue a kihi, he mau pepeiao triangular a me nā wāwae liʻiliʻi. Pōkole ka huelo a uhi ʻia me ka hulu palupalu. I ka hoʻoilo, uhi ka pale i nā pale wāwae a me nā māiʻuʻu. Piʻi ka holoholona i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki.
Nohona Sable
ʻO kahi ʻano a noho kamaʻāina maʻamau o ka taiga Siberian holoʻokoʻa he mea ʻaihue ikaika loa a ikaika ʻole hoʻi no ka nui ʻole. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Sable i kahi nohona ʻāina. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, koho ʻia kahi mammal predatory no kona wahi e noho ai i luna o nā kahawai kuahiwi, kahi mānoanoa, a me nā mea kau pōhaku. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i kahi holoholona ke piʻi i nā kalaunu lāʻau. Neʻe ka predator me ke kōkua o nā lele lele, ke awelika o kona lōʻihi ma kahi o 0.3-0.7 m. ʻAʻole ʻae ka huluhulu pulu wikiwiki i ka ʻauʻau sable e ʻau.
Hiki i ka sable ke waiho i nā ala nui a paʻa ʻia, a ʻo kā lākou mau paʻi paʻi mai 5 × 7 knm a 6 × 10 knm. Maikaʻi loa ka holoholona hihiu i ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau o nā kiʻekiʻe a me nā kinona like ʻole, a maikaʻi hoʻi ka lohe a me ka pilau. Eia nō naʻe, nāwaliwali ka ʻike ʻana o kahi māmela, a ʻaʻole like ka ʻike leo a like me ka moow o ka pōpoki. Hiki i ka sable ke neʻe maʻalahi i ka uhi hau i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. ʻO ka hana nui a ka holoholona i kaulana i nā hola o ke kakahiaka, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ahiahi.
Hoihoi ia! Inā aia kahi lua a kahi pūnana o ka sable ma ka honua, a laila me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, kahi ʻeli lōʻihi kūikawā no ke komo ʻana a ʻeli ʻia i ka hau e ka holoholona.
No ke koena nui o ka sable, hoʻohana ʻia kahi pūnana, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i lalo i nā hakahaka like ʻole: ma lalo o kahi lāʻau i hina, i loko o ka lua haʻahaʻa o kahi lāʻau, a ma lalo paha o nā pōhaku nui. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lalo o ia wahi i ka lepo o ka wahie, ka mauʻu, ka hulu a me ka limu. I ka wā maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka sable i kāna pūnana, i loko e kū paʻa ai ke ʻano mahana ma 15-23e pili anaC. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi lumi hoʻomaha kokoke i ka lua-pūnana. I kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha, hoʻololi ʻia ka pūnana kahiko i kahi hou.
Wā ola
I ka lawe pio ʻana, mālama ʻia ka sable ma ka awelika a hiki i ka ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki... I ke kūlohelohe, hiki i kēlā mammal predatory ke ola ma kahi o ʻehiku a ʻewalu mau makahiki paha, no ka nui o nā kumu kūwaho kūwaho ʻole, ka nele o ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi make maʻamau, a me ka makaʻu o ka hui ʻana me nā mea ʻino he nui.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
I kēia manawa, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka sable hihiu ma nā ʻāpana taiga holoʻokoʻa o ko mākou ʻāina, mai nā Ural a i ke kahakai kahakai o ka Moana Pākīpika, kokoke i ke kūkulu ʻākau a i nā palena o nā mea ulu mau o ka nahele. ʻOi aku ka makemake o ka mammal predatory e noho i nā wahi coniferous a littered o nā taiga, akā makemake nui i nā kedera kahiko.
Hoihoi ia! Inā kū ka mauna a me nā ʻāpana papu o ka taiga, a me nā dwarfs kedera a me nā birch, nā mea kau pōhaku, nā ululāʻau, nā ʻāpana makani a me nā kiʻekiʻe o nā kahawai mauna no ka sable, a laila ʻalo ka holoholona ʻaihue i ka noho ʻana i nā pali kuahiwi pā ʻole.
Eia kekahi, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka holoholona ma Iāpana, ma kahi o ka mokupuni ʻo Hokkaido. I kēia lā, i nā wahi o ka hikina Urals, kahi manawa hybrid o kahi sable me ka marten, i kapa ʻia ʻo "kidus", i kekahi manawa.
Meaʻai Sable
Basically, sable hunts ma ka ʻili o ka honua. Noho nā mākua a me nā holoholona ʻike i ka manawa liʻiliʻi e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā holoholona ʻōpio. ʻO ka mea nui, nā hānai nui a koʻikoʻi no ka sable:
- nā māmela liʻiliʻi, e like me nā voles a me nā shrews, nāʻiole a me nā pikas, nā squirrels a me nā hare, nā chipmunks a me nā mole;
- nā manu, e like me nā ʻauwai a me nā ʻauʻau, nā ʻauʻau hazel a me nā passerines, a me kā lākou mau hua;
- nā mea kolo, e like me nā nalo meli a me kā lākou larvae;
- pine kukui;
- nā hua, me rowan a me blueberry, lingonberry a me blueberry, manu cherry a me ka currant, rosehip a me cloudberry;
- nā mea kanu i ke ʻano o ka rosemary hihiu;
- ʻakaʻa like ʻole;
- meli meli.
ʻOiai ʻo ka piʻi pono ʻana o ka sable i nā kumulāʻau, hiki i kahi holoholona ke lele mai kekahi kumulāʻau a i kekahi lāʻau āpau inā aia nā lālā lāʻau paʻa paʻa, no laila, kaupalena ʻia nā mea kanu mea kanu.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
No ka pono o kā lākou meaʻai, ʻaʻohe manu o nā mea ʻai a holoholona paha e huli holoholona sable. Eia nō naʻe, he mau hoa hoʻokūkū ʻai ka mammal, ka ermine a me ka kolamu. ʻAi lākou, a me nā sable, ʻai i nā meheu like me ka iole, a hiki nō hoʻi iā lākou ke hakakā no ka mea pio.
ʻO ka pūʻulu makaʻu nui ma waena o sables e hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻōpio muli loa, a me nā holoholona kahiko loa i nalowale ka wikiwiki i ka neʻe ʻana. Hiki paha i kahi māmele nāwaliwali ke lele i kahi holoholona i kahi predator nui nui. Hoʻopau pinepine ʻia nā sable ʻōpio e nā aeto a me nā ʻio, a me nā pueo a me nā manu nui ʻino ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ma waho o ke kau hoʻoulu hana, alakaʻi ka sable i kahi nohona teritori a me ka noho kaʻawale. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻokoʻa ka nui o kēlā me kēia wahi o ka predator mammalian ma ka laulā o 150-2000 ha. Palekana nui ʻia ka ʻāina e ka mea nona ka pūnaewele mai nā wahi komo o nā mea ʻē aʻe kokoke i nā manawa a pau, koe wale nō ka manawa hānau. I loko o kēia wā, hakakā nā kāne kekahi i kekahi no ka wahine, a pinepine pinepine kēlā hakakā me ka hoʻokaumaha loa a me ke koko.
Hōʻike ʻia ke kau hoʻoulu hana e nā manawa ʻelua. I Pepeluali a i ʻole Malaki, hoʻomaka ka poʻe konohiki i ka wā o ka rut wahaheʻe i kapa ʻia, a hāʻule ka mea maoli i Iune a Iulai paha. Hoʻonohonoho nā wahine hāpai no lākou iho a me nā pūnana pūnana i nā lua o nā lāʻau a i ʻole ma lalo o nā aʻa nui o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka pūnana kokoke kokoke pau loa e hoʻopili ʻia me ka mauʻu, limu a i ʻole ka hulu hipa o kekahi mau ʻiole ʻai ʻia. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o kahi sable kahi pae lohi lōʻihi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a he eiwa a he ʻumi mau mahina.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i ka Sables ke oo i ka moekolohe ma ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki paha, a ʻo ka hānau hānau i ka wā pio ua mau ia, ma ke ʻano he rula, a hiki i nā makahiki he ʻumi.
Pale ʻole ka wahine me kāna mau keiki āpau, no laila hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka palekana me nā ʻīlio i kokoke loa i ka pūnana me kahi puaʻa. Hoʻololi koke ka wahine i nā kulu hoʻohaunaele i kahi pūnana maikaʻi ʻē aʻe.
Ma ke ʻano he rula, hānau kahi litter i ʻekolu a ʻehiku mau ʻīlio makapō ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 11.0-11.5 knm ka lōʻihi, ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 30 g. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina, hāmama nā pēpē i ko lākou mau pepeiao, a me ko lākou mau maka - hoʻokahi mahina a ʻoi iki paha. Hoʻomaka nā pēpē e haʻalele i ko lākou pūnana i ka makahiki hoʻokahi a me ka hapa o ka mahina, a ma ʻAukake hoʻi, loaʻa i ke sables makua ke kūʻokoʻa piha a haʻalele i ko lākou makuahine.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa, ua noho nui nā sables i nā panalāʻau mai ka Moana Pākīpika a hiki i Scandinavia, akā i kēia lā ʻaʻole ʻaneʻane loaʻa nā holoholona hulu i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa. Ma muli o ka lawaiʻa ikaika loa ʻana i ke kenekulia i hala, ua hōʻemi nui ʻia ka huina nui, a me ka laulā o ka sables. ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻōki ʻia predatory ka kūlana - "aia ma ka ʻaneʻane o ka make ʻana".
I mea e mālama ai i ka helu o nā holoholona hulu hihiu, ua lawe ʻia nā hana palekana kūikawā, e like me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā sables i nā mālama a me ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i nā panalāʻau kumu. I kēia lā, ʻo ka mokuʻāina o ka heluna kanaka sable i nā panalāʻau he nui o ko mākou ʻāina, e like me ka moku ʻo Troitsko-Pechora, ʻaʻole ia e hopohopo nui. I ka makahiki 1970, ua heluna ka heluna kānaka ma kahi o 200 tausani kānaka, no laila ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka sable i loko o ka International Red Book (IUCN).
Hoihoi ia! I loko o nā makahiki he kanalima i hala aku nei, ua kūleʻa ka sables i kahi kanawalu kilomita o nā wahi ulu lāʻau pōʻele-coniferous e waiho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pali ʻo Ural, a ʻimi ʻia ka mea ʻaihue me ka lawa ʻole o ke kākoʻo o ke aupuni hoʻokele waiwai.
Eia nō naʻe, i mea e hoʻonui pono ai i ka hōʻiliʻili sable, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻomau hou i ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona e hoʻokō i ka lawaiʻa ʻole ʻia ʻana o kahi ʻano hulu hihiu nui. He mea nui nō hoʻi e hoʻoponopono i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻole o ka neʻe ʻana o nā holoholona hihiu waiwai, kahi e ʻae ai i ka mālama ʻana i nā sables ma nā wahi ʻimi holoholona.
