Kakaikahi ka poʻe i ʻike i ka honu leatherback (loot) e lele ana ma luna o nā pepa kūhelu a pau o ka ʻOihana Moana o ka Lepupalika ʻo Fiji. No nā kamaʻāina o ka pae ʻāina, hōʻike ka honu kai i ka wikiwiki a me ka mākaukau hoʻokele maikaʻi loa.
Ka wehewehe o ka honu leatherback
ʻO ka lā wale nō i kēia manawa i ka ʻohana o nā honu leatherback e hana ai ʻaʻole wale ka nui wale, akā ʻo nā mea kolo nui loa hoʻi... ʻO Dermochelys coriacea (honu leatherback) kaupaona ma waena o 400 a me 600 kg, i nā manawa kakaikahi e loaʻa ana i ʻelua manawa ka nui o ke kaupaona (ʻoi aku ma mua o 900 kg).
Hoihoi ia! ʻOiai ʻo ka honu leatherback nui loa ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he kāne, i loaʻa ma kahakai kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Harlech (ʻEnelani) i ka makahiki 1988. Ua kaupaona kēia mea kolo ma luna o 961 kg me ka lōʻihi o 2.91 m a me ka laulā o 2.77 m.
He ʻano iwi kūikawā ko ka loot: pili ia i ka ʻili mānoanoa, a ʻaʻole mai nā pā mai ʻo horny, e like me nā honu kai ʻē aʻe.
Helehelena
Hōʻike ʻia ka pseudocarapax o ka honu leatherback e nā mea hoʻopili (4 cm ka mānoanoa), a ma luna o ia mau tausani he mau scutes liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā mea nui o lākou he 7 mau puʻupuʻu ikaika, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā kaula paʻa, e hohola ma ke ala o ke kaʻa mai ke poʻo a ka hiʻu. ʻO ka palupalu a me kekahi ʻano maʻalahi kekahi ʻano o ka ʻāpana thoracic (ʻaʻole ossified piha) o ka iwi honu, i hoʻolako ʻia me ʻelima mau iwi ʻaoʻao lōʻihi. ʻOiai ka māmā o ka carapace, pale pono ia i ka loot mai nā ʻenemi, a hāʻawi pū kekahi i ka hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻana i ka hohonu o ke kai.
Ma ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me nā lālā o nā kuhukukū ʻōpio, ʻike ʻia nā pale, i nalowale i ko lākou ulu ʻana (e noho wale lākou ma ke poʻo). ʻO ka holoholona ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ka laumania o kona ʻili. ʻAʻohe niho o ka iwi a ka honu, akā aia nā kihi ʻāpana ikaika a ʻoi hoʻi ma waho, i hoʻoikaika ʻia e nā ʻāʻī iwi.
Nui aʻe ke poʻo o ka honu leatherback a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻi i lalo o ka pūpū. ʻO ka forelimbs ʻaneʻane pālua ka nui ma mua o ka hope, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 5 mika. Ma ka ʻāina, nānā ka honu leatherback ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele (ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele), akā ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kāʻei kala nui me nā kiko melemele māmā.
Nohona loot
Inā ʻaʻole no ka nui kupaianaha, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka loot - ʻaʻole hele hewa nā mea kolo i nā holoholona a hana e like me nā mea mehameha maʻamau, akahele a hūnā hoʻi. Hilahila nā honu leatherback, he mea ʻē ia no ko lākou kūkulu nui a me ka ikaika kupaianaha o ko lākou kino. ʻO Lut, e like me ke koena o nā honu, ʻino loa ia ma ka ʻāina, akā nani a wikiwiki i ke kai. Ma aneʻi ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka nui a me ka nui: i loko o ka wai, ʻauʻau wikiwiki ka honu leatherback, maneuvers dashingly, luʻu hohonu a noho ma laila no ka manawa lōʻihi.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO Loot ka mea luʻu maikaʻi loa o nā honu āpau. No ka honu leatherback ka moʻolelo, i ka puna o 1987 i piholo i kahi hohonu o 1.2 km kokoke i nā mokupuni ʻo Virgin. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hohonu e kahi hāmeʻa i pili i ka pūpū.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka wikiwiki (a hiki i 35 km / h) ma muli o nā mākala pectoral i hoʻomohala ʻia a ʻehā mau lālā, e like me nā peʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mea hope e pani i ka hoʻokele, a hana ka mua e like me ka ʻenekini ʻenekini. Ma ke ʻano o ka ʻauʻau ʻana, ua like ka honu leatherback me kahi penguin - me he mea lā e lele i ka mea wai, e kaʻapuni manuahi i kona mau pale wili mua.
Wā ola
ʻO nā honu nui āpau (ma muli o ka lohi o ka metabolism) e ola nei i kahi ola lōʻihi loa, a noho kekahi mau ʻano a hiki i 300 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha... Ma hope o ka ʻili wili a me ka pāpā ʻana o ka neʻe, hiki i nā mea kolo ʻōpio a me nā ʻelemākule ke hūnā, nā mea o loko e paʻakikī ʻole e loli i ka manawa. Eia hou, hiki i nā honu ke hele me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai a me ka inu ʻole no nā mahina a ʻoi aku paha o nā makahiki (a hiki i 2 mau makahiki), hiki ke kū a hoʻomaka i ko lākou puʻuwai.
Inā ʻaʻole na ka poʻe ʻaihue, nā kānaka a me nā maʻi infectious, e ola nā honu āpau i ko lākou makahiki, i hoʻolālā ʻia i nā gen. ʻIke ʻia ma ka wao nahele, ola ka loot ma kahi o ka hapalua kenekulia, a ʻoi iki ka liʻiliʻi (30-40) i ka pio. Kāhea kekahi mau ʻepekema i kahi ola ʻē aʻe o ka honu leatherback - 100 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho ka honu leatherback i nā moana ʻekolu (Pākīpika, ʻAkelanika a me ʻInia), e hōʻea ana i ke Kai Kaiwaenahonua, akā ʻaʻole loaʻa iki ka maka. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Loot i ka wai Lūkia (a laila ʻo Soviet) o ka Hikina Hikina, kahi i loaʻa ai nā holoholona 13 mai 1936 a 1984. Nā palena biometric o nā honu: ke kaupaona 240-314 kg, ka lōʻihi 1.16-1.57 m, ka laulā 0.77-1.12 m.
Mea nui! E like me ka hōʻoia o nā lawaiʻa, ʻaʻole hōʻike ka helu 13 i ke kiʻi maoli: ma kahi kokoke i nā Kurile hema, ʻike pinepine nā honu leatherback. Manaʻo nā Herpetologists ʻo ka wai mehana o Soy ke kiʻi i nā mea kolo ma aneʻi.
ʻO Geographic, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau mea a loaʻa ma hope penei:
- ʻO Peter the Great Bay (Kai o Iapana) - 5 mau hiʻohiʻona;
- Kai o Okhotsk (Iturup, Shikotan a me Kunashir) - 6 kope;
- kahakai komohana hema o ka mokupuni ʻo Sakhalin - 1 kope;
- wahi o ka wai o ka hema o Kuriles - 3 mau laʻana;
- Kai Bering - 1 kope;
- Kai Barents - 1 kope.
Ua kuhi ka poʻe ʻepekema ua hoʻomaka nā manu kuhukukū e ʻau i loko o ke kai o ka Hikina Ma muli o ka hoʻomehana cyclical o ka wai a me ke aniau. Hōʻoia kēia e ka ikaika o ka iʻa iʻa o ke kai pelagic a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano hema o ka moana kai.
Meaʻai a ka honu leatherback
ʻAʻole ka mea kolo i kahi mea ʻai a ʻai i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Hele nā honu ma ka papa.
- he iʻa;
- pāpaʻi a me ka crayfish;
- jellyfish;
- pūpū;
- ilo o ke kai;
- mea kanu kai.
Mālama maʻalahi ʻo Loot i nā koʻokoʻo ʻoi loa a mānoanoa, e nahu ana iā lākou me nā ʻāʻī ikaika a ʻoi hoʻi... ʻO nā forelimbs me nā māiʻu, e paʻa paʻa ana i ka mea haalulu a pakele nā mea kanu, a komo pū i ka papa ʻaina. Akā lilo ka honu leatherback iā ia iho i mea hoihoi i ka gastronomic no ka poʻe e mahalo i kāna pulp ono.
Mea nui! ʻAʻole pololei nā moʻolelo e pili ana i ka lethality o kaʻiʻo manu kuhukukū: komo nā toxins i ke kino o ka mea kolo wale ma waho, ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i nā holoholona ʻawahia. Inā hānai pono ʻia ka loot, hiki ke ʻai palekana i kāna ʻiʻo me ka makaʻu ʻole i ka lāʻau make.
I nā kinona o ka honu leatherback, a i ʻole, i loko o kāna pseudocarapax a me epidermis, nui ka momona i loaʻa, i hāʻawi pinepine ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia no nā kumu like ʻole - no ka lubricating seams i nā schooners lawaiʻa a i ʻole nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka nui o nā momona i loko o ka pūpū hopohopo nā limahana hale hōʻikeʻike wale nō, ka mea i koi ʻia e hakakā i nā momona momona i kahe mai nā honu ʻili hoʻi i huki ʻia no nā makahiki (inā he hana maikaʻi ʻole ka taxidermist).
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ke loaʻa nei i kahi nui a paʻa a paʻa i ke kaʻa ʻole, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o ka loot ma ka ʻāina a me ke kai (ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole makaʻu kahi kolo kolo makua i kahi manō). Hoʻopakele ka honu iā ia iho mai nā mea hōkai ʻē aʻe e ka luʻu hohonu ʻana, e hāʻule ana he 1 km a ʻoi paha. Inā ʻaʻole e pakele, alo ʻo ia i ka hoa paio, e hakakā ana me nā wāwae mua ikaika. Inā pono, ʻeha ka honu me ka ʻehaʻeha, hāpai i nā ʻāʻī me nā ʻāpana horny ʻoiʻoi - nahu ka mea kolo huhū i ka lāʻau mānoanoa me ka piʻo.
I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua lilo nā kānaka i ʻenemi maikaʻi loa o nā kuhukukū leatherback makua.... Ma luna o kona lunamanaʻo - ka hoʻohaumia o nā moana, ka hopu hewa ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona a me ka hoihoi mākaʻikaʻi hiki ʻole ke hōʻeuʻeu ʻia (loot pinepine ka pahu ma nā ʻōpala palolo, kuhi hewa ia no ka meaʻai). Hoʻohui nui ʻia nā mea āpau i ka helu o nā honu kai. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā makemake o nā keiki honu. ʻAi ʻia nā kuhukuku liʻiliʻi a me nā pale ʻole e nā holoholona kikokiko a me nā manu, a ke kali nei nā iʻa predatory i ke kai.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ka manawa hānai no ka honu leatherback i kēlā me kēia 1-3 mau makahiki, akā i kēia manawa hana ka wahine mai 4 a 7 mau paʻa (me kahi lā he 10 mau lā ma waena o kēlā me kēia). Ke kolo nei ka mea kolo i uka i ka pō a hoʻomaka e ʻeli i kahi hohonu (1-1.2 m) maikaʻi, kahi e waiho ai i nā hua momona a hakahaka (30-100 ʻāpana). Hoʻohālikelike ka mea ma mua i nā kinipōpō kinipōpō, e piʻi ana i 6 cm ke anawaena.
ʻO ka hana mua a ka makuahine e hoʻopili pono i ka incubator i hiki ʻole i nā mea ʻino a me nā kānaka ke wāwahi iā ia, a ua kūleʻa nui ʻo ia i kēia.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole ʻeliʻeli nā mea hōʻulu hua kūloko i nā lā hohonu a hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia o ka honu leatherback, e noʻonoʻo pono ʻole ana i kēia hana. Ke ʻimi nei lākou i nā mea pio maʻalahi - nā hua o nā honu kai ʻē aʻe, e laʻa me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka bisque.
Ke waiho wale nei nō i ka haʻohaʻo pehea, ma hope o kekahi mau mahina, ua lanakila nā honu hānau hou i kahi papa mika manoanoa, ʻaʻole kaukaʻi i ke kōkua o ko lākou makuahine. Ua hele i waho o ka pūnana, kolo lākou i ke kai, e hoʻohuli i kā lākou mau kāmaʻa liʻiliʻi, e like me ka ʻauʻau ʻana.
I kekahi manawa, hiki wale kekahi i ka mea maoli, a ʻo ke koena i lilo i waiwai pio no nā moʻo, nā manu a me nā mea ʻaihue, ka poʻe i ʻike pono i ka manawa kokoke o ke ʻano o nā honu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Wahi a kekahi mau hōʻike, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka helu o nā honu leatherback ma ka honua e 97%... ʻO ke kumu nui ka nele o nā wahi no ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, i kumu ʻia e ka ulu nui ʻana o nā kahakai. Eia hou, hoʻopau ikaika ʻia nā mea kolo e nā poʻe honu honu e hoihoi i ka "tortoiseshell sung" (ka stratum corneum, nona nā pā, kū hoʻokahi i ke kala, ka lauana a me ke ʻano.
Mea nui! Ua mālama ʻē kekahi mau ʻāina i ka mālama ʻana i ka lehulehu. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua hoʻolilo ʻo Malaysia i 12 km o ke kahakai kai ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Terengganu kahi mālama, no laila e waiho ai nā kuhukukū leatherback i kā lākou mau hua ma aneʻi (ma kahi o 850-1700 mau wahine i kēlā me kēia makahiki).
I kēia manawa ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka honu leatherback i ka papa inoa o ka International Convention on Trade in Wild Fauna a me Flora, i loko o ka International Red Book (ma ke ʻano he ʻano mea make), a me ka Annex II o ka Berne Convention.
