ʻO nā Bandicoots, nā ʻelele o ka infraclass o nā marsupial Australia, noho i nā ʻōnaehana kūlohelohe lehulehu: nā wao akua a me nā ululāʻau, nā lau nahele subalpine a me nā kahakai kai, noho kekahi o lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2000 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kahi ākea e hāʻawi aku ai, a me kahi ecoplasticity kiʻekiʻe o nā laha i hoʻopakele i nā holoholona mai ka make ʻana. I kēia lā nā bandicoots - hopena i Australia ma ka manawa like kekahi o kāna holoholona laha ʻole. E ʻike maikaʻi iā lākou?
Hōʻike o nā bandicoots
ʻO nā hānai Marsupial he mau holoholona liʻiliʻi: kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano, ke kino o nā holoholona mai ka 17 a 50 cm... ʻO ke kaupaona o ka bandicoot ma kahi o 2 kg, akā aia kekahi mau kānaka nunui e hiki aku ana i 4-5 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
Helehelena
- ʻO ka mole elongated, kiko e hoʻohālikelike i ka bandicoot me he ʻiole. ʻO nā kaulike kaulike o ke kino a me nā wāwae hope, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka mua, e hoʻohālikelike i ka holoholona me he lāpaki.
- Liʻiliʻi nā maka, maʻalahi i ke ao.
- He lauoho ʻole nā pepeiao a, ke hilinaʻi nei i ka laha e pili ana i ka holoholona, hiki ke liʻiliʻi a poepoe, a ʻo elongated a kiko hoʻi.
- Ma nā forelimbs, lōʻihi ka manamana ʻelua, ʻekolu, ʻehā a hāʻawi ʻia me nā māiʻuʻu, pōkole ka 1st a me ka 5th a ʻaʻohe maiuu.
- Ma nā lālā hope, he rudimentary a hemo ʻole paha ka manamana nui ʻekahi, hoʻopili ʻia ka 2 a me ka 3, akā ua hoʻokaʻawale i nā māiʻuʻu, ka liʻiliʻi o ka 4.
- Lahilahi ka huelo, ʻaʻole paʻa, uhi ʻia me ka lauoho, pili i ka nui o ke kino he pōkole ia.
- He ʻeke ka wahine bandicoots e wehe a hoʻi i lalo, i loko o laila he mau moʻo waiū me ʻekolu a ʻelima mau pā o nā nipples.
- ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano a me ka lōʻihi o ka hulu hipa i nā ʻino hipa marsupial ma muli o ka lāhui: hiki ke palupalu a lōʻihi a paʻakikī a pōkole paha.
- ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kino i kahi hina ʻeleʻele a i ʻole brown range me ka nui o nā melemele a me nā ʻulaʻula, māmā ka ʻōpū - keʻokeʻo, melemele a hina. Holo mau nā ʻaoʻao transverse ʻeleʻele ma ka sakum.
I ka 2011, ua hoʻopuka ka Waihona ʻAukekulelia i kahi dālā kālā hoʻomanaʻo me kahi bilby kala - he bandicoot rabbit (Macrotis lagotis). ʻO ka mea pena kiʻi ʻo E. Martin, nāna i hoʻomākaukau i ke kiʻi o ke kālā, me ka nahenahe a aloha hoʻi i hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona āpau i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā bilbies mai nā mea pākana marsupial ʻē aʻe: he helehelena nani, nā pepeiao ʻākala lōʻihi, ka huluhulu hina hina hina, ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo. ʻO ke ala o ke ola o kēia mau holoholona leʻaleʻa he ʻano ponoʻī kona: ʻeli lākou i kahi hohonu (a i 1.5 m) a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā lua, kahi e noho pālua ai lākou me nā keiki makua.
Auila
He mea hūnā nā bandicoots āpau, nā holoholona akahele a pō hoʻi i ke ao, e ʻimi ana i ka pouli a e ʻimi nei i nā mea pio me ke kōkua o ka lohe a me ka honi.
Hoihoi ia! I ka nahelehele, ola nā holoholona ma ka awelika 1.5-2 mau makahiki, he hapa wale nō o lākou i hiki i ka makahiki o ʻekolu. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻōpio, a ke mālama ʻia i ka pio, hoʻonui ke ola o nā bandicoots i ʻekolu a ʻehā mau makahiki paha.
I ke ao, nā lua papapaʻu a i nā lua one paha, lilo nā lua o nā kumulāʻau i puʻuhonua no lākou. Kūkulu kekahi mau ʻano pākana marsupial, e like me nā bandicoots brown ʻākau, kūkulu i nā pūnana lepo me kahi keʻena o loko e hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā hānau.
Hoʻokaʻina
ʻO Bandicoot Squad (Peramelemoriasa) nā ʻohana 3:
- Nā bandicoots wāwae wāwae (Chaeropodidae);
- Bandicoot (Peramelidae);
- ʻO Rabbit Bandicoots (Thylacomyidae).
TO ʻohana o Pig-footed Bandicoots (Chaeropodidae) ʻO ka mea make wale wale nō i kēia manawa ka bandicoot Pig-footed (Chaeropus ecaudatus) o ka genus o nā bandicoots wāwae puaʻa (Chaeropus).
MA ʻohana o Bandicoots (Peramelidae) aia ʻekolu mau ʻohana:
- Spiny bandicoots (Echymiperinae);
- Bandicoot (Peramelinae);
- ʻO New Guinea Bandicoots (Peroryctinae)
ʻOhana o Spiny Bandicoots (Echymiperinae) ʻekolu o nā moʻokūʻauhau:
- Spiny bandicoots (Echymiperinae);
- Nā bandicoots iole (Microperoryctes);
- ʻO Ceram bandicoots (Rhynchomeles).
ʻO ka genus o nā bandicoots kakalaioa hoʻohui i nā ʻano 5 aʻe:
- Spiny Bandicoot (Echymipera clara);
- Bandicoot David (Echymipera davidi);
- Pākuʻi maka ʻoi loa (Echymipera echinista);
- Bandicoot nila-pālahalaha (Echymipera kalubu);
- ʻO ka bandicoot poʻo poʻo (ʻulaʻula) (Echymipera rufescens).
TO ke ʻano o Mouse Bandicoots hoʻokomo i nā ʻano:
- Harfak Bandicoot (Microperoryctes);
- Kaola bandicoot (Microperoryctes longicauda);
- Mouse bandicoot (Microperoryctes murina);
- ʻO ka bandicoot striped ma ka Hikina (Microperoryctes murina);
- Papuan bandicoot (Microperoryctes papuensis).
ʻO Genus o Ceram bandicoots he hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano - ka Ceram (Seram) bandicoot (Rhynchomeles prattorum).
Nā Bandicoots Subfamily (Peramelinae) nā ʻelua ʻano:
- Nā bandicoots ihu pōkole (Isoodon);
- Nā bandicoots ihu loloa (Perameles).
Ke ʻano o nā bandicoots ihu pōkole (Isoodon) komo pū i nā ʻano aʻe:
- Golden (Barrow) Bandicoot (Isoodon auratus);
- Bandicoot Nui (Isoodon macrourus);
- ʻO bandicoot liʻiliʻi (Isoodon obesulus).
TO ʻohana bandicoot ihu lōʻihi, a i ʻole nā ʻīlio marsupial ihu lōʻihi (Perameles), ʻehā mau ʻano:
- ʻO Coarse Bandicoot (Perameles bougainville);
- Desert Bandicoot (Perameles eremiana);
- Tasmanian Bandicoot (Perameles gunnii);
- Bandicoot ihu lōʻihi (Perameles nasuta).
TO subfamily New Guinea bandicoots (Peroryctinae) hoʻokahi wale nō genus ponoʻī - New Guinea bandicoots (Peroryctes), kahi e hoʻohui ai i ʻelua mau ʻano lū.
- Giant Bandicoot (Peroryctes broadbenti);
- New Guinea Bandicoot (Peroryctes raffrayana).
MA ʻohana o ka bandicoots rabbit komo pū ka genus o ka inoa like (Macrotis) a me nā ʻano ʻelua:
- Pāleo bandicoot (Macrotis lagotis);
- ʻO ka bandicoot liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (Macrotis leucura), ua pau i kēia manawa.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Hoʻolahalaha nā bandicoots ihu pōkole a lōʻihi hoʻi ma waena o Australia, a ma ka mokupuni ʻo Tasmania. Wahi hōʻoluʻolu - kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1000 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai, kahi a lākou e makemake ai e noho ma nā wahi ulu lāʻau me nā lau nahele nui, akā ʻaʻole e waiho i ka nānā a me nā wahi ākea, nā ululāʻau, nā kula, a me nā wahi o nā kauhale.
ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus o nā kākalaioa kakalaioa ʻike wale ʻia ma Papua New Guinea... ʻO Keram Island, aia ma waena o ka pae moku ʻo Sulawesi a me New Guinea a hāʻawi i ka inoa i kēia ʻano, ʻo ia kahi wale nō kahi e noho ai ʻo Ceram bandicoots. Makemake lākou i nā mea kanu mauna mauna no ka noho ʻana.
Noho ʻo New Guinea Bandicoots i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi e pili ana nā mokupuni ʻo New Guinea a me Yapen. ʻO nā wahi punahele o kēia ʻano he mauhele ulu haʻahaʻa i alpine me nā nāhelehele a me ka mauʻu.
ʻO ka papaʻai o kahi pihi hōʻaiʻē
ʻO nā Bandicoots he omnivorous. Liʻiliʻi, akā ʻoi a ikaika hoʻi, e like me kā ka pōpoki, hiki i nā canine ke ʻae i nā holoholona me nā moʻo a me nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi. I ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea ʻono maikaʻi, ʻaʻole mālama nā ʻūlū marsupial i nā nīnū, nā ʻenekini, nā ilo, nā millipedes, nā ʻelala insect. ʻAʻole lākou kūʻē i ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua momona, nā hua manu, nā aʻa a me nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu.
Heʻuʻuku ka pono no ka wai i nā bandicoots, no ka mea, loaʻa iā lākou ka makū e pono ai no nā hana nui me ka meaʻai.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Noho kaʻawale nā holoholona: ʻo kēlā me kēia mea ma kona ʻāina ponoʻī, kahi i hōʻailona ʻia me kahi huna i hūnā ʻia mai nā gland ma hope o nā pepeiao o ka bandicoot. Nui ka ʻāina o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. Hōʻuluʻulu wale lākou i nā wā male: i ka makahiki o 4 mau makahiki, hiki i nā kahakaha ke oʻo makua, a hoʻolilo ka poʻe "suitors" i ka manawa he nui i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kāne hiki.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i ka wahine ma kahi o ʻelua mau pule, i loko o ka makahiki e hānau ai ʻo ia ma kahi o 16 cubs, ʻoiai i hoʻokahi ʻōpala hiki ke lilo i ʻelua a ʻelima paha o lākou. Liʻiliʻi loa nā pēpē - ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka bipi keiki hānau he 0.5 cm wale nō. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana, ʻike lākou i ka ikaika e komo i loko o ka ʻeke a ka makuahine a loaʻa i ka piko ma ka pali waiū.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā bandicoots ihu loloa (Perameles) nā marsupial i hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia: ʻo nā wahine wale nō o kēia genus ka hopena o kahi chorioallantoid placenta, e like me ka placentation i nā mammal kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻo nā cubs o nā bandicoots ihu lōʻihi, ke loaʻa nei kekahi mau meaʻai i ka wā embryonic, ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka manawa o ka hānau ma mua o nā marsupial ʻē aʻe o ka nui like.
I ka makahiki 2 o ka makahiki, ikaika ka poʻe bandicoots e haʻalele i ka ʻeke, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻōpala hou i hōʻike mua ʻia i ko lākou makuahine. Mai kēlā manawa, waiho ka hanauna ʻōpio i kāna mau pono ponoʻī, a haʻalele ka mālama makua ma luna o ia mea.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka makaʻi no ke ola o nā bandicoots e hōʻike mua ʻia e kahi kanaka nāna e loli a luku i ka wahi maoli o nā holoholona ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻāina no ke kūkulu a hana ʻana i ka ʻāina mahiʻai. ʻO ka hakakā a nā Australians me nā lāpaki hihiu, e luku ana i nā wahi momona momona, ua loli kaumaha i nā bandicoots, ka mea i lilo i mau maunu ʻeha a me nā pahele. I ka nahelehele, he ʻenemi nā ʻenemi o nā pākeke marsupial - pueo, ʻalopeke, dingoes, pōpoki.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma muli o ka hapa nui o ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā mākeke hānai ke hana nei i nā loli nui, ke emi mau nei ka nui o nā holoholona. Ma waho aʻe o ka make o ka wāwae puaʻa, nā lāpaki liʻiliʻi a me nā bandicoots steppe, ʻo New Guinea a me nā bandicoots ihu pōkole ma ke kaʻe o ka make ma muli o kā lākou helu liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻimi mau ʻana no lākou.
Hoihoi ia! Helu ʻia i ka IWC kaha onionio a lauoho koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka wahi noho o Ceram marsupial badgers hoʻoweliweli i ko lākou ola mau.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka hana a ka ʻepekema ke ola a pale i ka zoocenosis o nā bandicoots... Ke loaʻa nei ka kaulana i ka papahana hoʻohua o nā bads marsupial i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana i hiki ai i nā keiki hānai ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka nāhelehele.
