Ua ʻike ka poʻe āpau i ka meʻe o kā Kipling moʻolelo kaʻao nona ka inoa ʻo Riki-Tiki-Tavi, akā he kakaikahi ka poʻe e ʻike i ka mongoose hihiu e hakakā hakakā ʻole me nā nahesa, akā pili pū kekahi i kahi kanaka. Hele ʻo ia ma kona kuʻekuʻe wāwae, hiamoe ma kahi kokoke a make i ka melankoli inā haʻalele ka mea nona.
Hōʻike o ka mongoose
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Mongoose i ka wā o ka Paleocene, ma kahi o 65 miliona mau makahiki i hala... ʻO kēia mau holoholona waena ma lalo o ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo Herpestidae i loko o ka suborder Cat-like, ʻoiai ma waho ua like lākou me he ferrets.
Helehelena
ʻAʻole kū ka nui o ka mongooses i ke kāʻei kua o nā māmala o nā mea konu o ka Honua. ʻO ke kino elongated muscular, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā laha, komo i loko o ka 18-75 cm me ke kaumaha o 280 g (dwarf mongoose) a me 5 kg (mongoose keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo). Hoʻohālikelike ka huelo i ka cone a ʻo 2/3 ka lōʻihi o ke kino.
ʻO ke poʻo maʻemaʻe, kau ʻia me nā pepeiao pepeiao, hoʻopili ʻia i loko o kahi muiki liʻiliʻi me nā maka kaulike. ʻO nā niho o ka mongoose (32 a 40) liʻiliʻi akā ikaika a hoʻolālā ʻia e hou i ka ʻili nahesa.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu loa, ua kāpae ʻia ka mongoose mai ka ʻohana civerrid. Ua hoʻololi ʻia, ʻokoʻa ka mea hope loa, kahi kokoke i nā anal o ke ʻala, hoʻohana nā mongoose i nā anal (hoʻowalewale i nā wahine a i ʻole kahakaha ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina).
He maka maikaʻi loa nā holoholona a kāohi maʻalahi i ko lākou kino palupalu, e hoʻolei wikiwiki ana i ka uila. I mea e kū ai ka ʻenemi, kōkua pū kekahi nā māiʻuʻu ʻole retracting, i kahi manawa maluhia e hoʻohana ai lākou e ʻeli i nā ala lalo.
Pale aku ka lauoho mānoanoa, lauoho wiwo ʻole i nā nahu nahesa, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopakele ai mai ka noho aliʻi ʻana o nā ʻutu a me nā ticks (i kēia hihia, hoʻololi wale nā mongooses i ko lākou wahi hoʻomaha). ʻO ka hulu o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa kona kala ponoʻī, mai ka hina hina a i ka brown, monochromatic a i ʻole nā kaha.
Nā ʻohana Mongoose
ʻO ka ʻohana Herpestidae (Mongoose) he 17 genera me 35 mau ʻano. Ma waena o ʻelua mau kenikeni kekona (ʻaneʻane), ʻo ka mea maʻamau ʻo:
- wai a me monggoose melemele;
- wawae ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo;
- dwarf a onionio;
- Nā Kuzimans a me nā mongoose Liberian;
- ʻO Dologale a me Paracynictis;
- ʻO Suricata lāua ʻo Rhynchogale.
Hoʻopili pū kēia i ka nui o nā genus Herpestes (Mongoose) me 12 mau ʻano:
- nā mongoose liʻiliʻi a ʻeleʻele;
- nā mongoose ihu pōkole a me ka ihu lōʻihi;
- Nā mongooses Java a me ʻAigupita;
- kola a me nā mongoose onionio;
- mongoose crabeater a me ka swamp mongoose;
- ʻO mongooses ʻInidia a maʻamau.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ia nā ʻano ʻelua hope loa mai ka genp Herpestes i manaʻo ʻia he koa hakakā ʻole i nā kaua me nā moʻo nāhesa. ʻO kahi mongoose ʻĀnia haʻahaʻa, hiki iā ia ke pepehi i kahi ʻenemi ikaika e like me kahi cobra 2-mika ke nānā aku.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Me kahi territoriality i haʻi ʻia, ʻaʻole mākaukau nā holoholona āpau e kaua no kā lākou pūnaewele: ma ke ʻano he rula, noho mālie lākou me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Kūleʻa ka hana ahiahi no ka hermit mongooses, a ʻo ka hana i ke ao no ka poʻe makemake e noho i nā hui (meerkats, striped and dwarf mongooses). ʻEli kēia mau laha iā lākou iho a noho i nā lua o kekahi poʻe, ʻaʻole hilahila iki i ke alo o ko lākou mau ona, e laʻa me nā squirrels.
Makemake nā mongoose dwarf / striped e noho i nā puʻu termite kahiko, e waiho ana i nā pēpē a me nā 1-2 mau mākua ma kahi e ʻai nei nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke kaiāulu ʻohana he 35 mongoose, lōkihi (koe wale no ka hānai ʻana) ke ʻako ʻana i ka hulu hipa a me nā pāʻani walaʻau me ke ʻano like o nā hakakā a me nā alualu.
I ka wela, pūpulu nā holoholona ma lalo o ka lā ma kahi kokoke i nā lua, me ka manaʻolana no ko lākou kala camouflage, e kōkua ai iā lākou e hui pū me ka ʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, aia ke kiaʻi mau i ka hui, e kiaʻi ana i ka ʻāina a me ke ao ʻana i ka pilikia me kahi uē, a laila pakele nā mongooses no ka uhi.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi mongoose?
ʻO Mongoose, i hānau ʻia i nā kaiāulu nui, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana ma mua o ka wā hoʻokahi. Pili kēia i ke kuleana hui - ʻo nā keiki ma hope o ka make ʻana o ko lākou mau mākua e hānai ʻia e nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka hui.
Hoihoi ia! Ua aʻo nā Mongooses e hakakā no ko lākou ola iho: ke kīkē ʻana i kahi nahu nahesa, ʻai lākou i ka "mangusvile", kahi aʻa lāʻau e kōkua ai i ka hopena o nā hopena o ka lāʻau ʻawa.
ʻO ke ola maʻamau o kahi mongoose ma ke ʻano ma kahi o 8 mau makahiki, a ʻaneʻane ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi i ke pio ʻana (i kahi zoo a i ʻole ma ka home).
Kahi noho, kahi noho o ka mongoose
Noho ʻo Mongoose ma nā ʻāina o ʻApelika a me ʻAsia, a me kekahi mau lāhui, no ka laʻana, hiki ke loaʻa ka mongoose ʻAigupita ma Asia wale nō, akā ma ka hema hoʻi o ʻEulopa. Eia kekahi, hoʻolauna ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika.
Nā wahi noho Mongoose:
- ululāʻau mākū;
- mauna kuahiwi;
- savannah;
- nāhelehele pua;
- waoakua a me nā wao akua;
- kahakai kai;
- nā wahi kaona.
I nā kūlanakauhale, hoʻopili pinepine nā mongooses i nā kahawai, nā ʻauwai, nā ʻūlū i nā pōhaku, nā lua, nā kumu popopo, a me nā wahi aʻa aʻa no ka hale. Mālama kekahi mau ʻano i kokoke i ka wai, e noho ana ma nā kapakai o nā waihona wai a me nā kai, a ʻo nā muliwai muliwai (mongoose wai). ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hōkū he terrestrial, a ʻelua wale nō (mongooses wīwī a wīwī ʻAmelika) makemake e noho a hānai i nā lāʻau.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā "mongoose" Mongoose i nā wahi kupaianaha loa, e like me ka papa honua, kahi e kūkulu ai i nā tunnels malalo o ka lālā... Hoʻololi nā mea nomadic i nā hale ma kahi o kēlā me kēia ʻelua mau lā.
Meaʻai, ka mea a ka mongoose e ʻai ai
ʻAneʻane nā iʻa mongoose a pau e ʻimi i ka meaʻai na lākou iho, e hui pū wale ana ke loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau mea nunui. Hana ʻia kēia, no ka laʻana, e nā mongoose dwarf. He omnivorous lākou a ʻaʻole capricious: ʻai lākou i nā mea āpau e hāʻule ai ka maka. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka papaʻai nā ʻūlū, nā liʻiliʻi - nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kanu, a i kekahi manawa he kino make.
ʻO kaʻai Mongoose:
- nā koʻekoʻe liʻiliʻi;
- mammal liʻiliʻi;
- manu liʻiliʻi;
- nā mea kolo a me nā amphibians;
- nā hua manu a me nā mea kolo;
- nā mea kolo;
- nā mea kanu me nā huaʻai, nā tubers, nā lau a me nā aʻa.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mongoose ʻai i ka pāpaʻi i nā crustacea, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻia e nā mongoose wai.... ʻImi ka mea hope i ka meaʻai (crustacean, crabs a me amphibians) i nā kahawai, e huki ana i ka mea pio mai ka silt me nā māiʻu ʻoi. ʻAʻole pale ka mongoose wai i nā hua crocodile a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohana pū kekahi mau mongoose i ko lākou mau māiʻuʻu no ka meaʻai, e haehae nei i nā lau / lepo a huki i nā mea ola, e like me nā punawelewele, nā nalo a me nā ʻelele.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
No ka mongoose, he manu manu lele kēia, nā nāhesa a me nā holoholona nui e like me nā leopadi, nā kalaka, nā ʻīlio hae, nā limahana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, komo nā keiki i loko o nā niho o nā mea ʻaihue, ʻaʻohe o lākou manawa e peʻe ai i ka lua i ka manawa.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei kahi mongoose makua e pakele mai ka ʻenemi, akā, kipaku ʻia i kahi kihi, hōʻike i ke ʻano - kūlou i kona kua me ka puʻu, hoʻoluliluli i kona huluhulu, hoʻāla i ka huelo me ka hoʻoweliweli, nā uē a me nā ʻā, nā nahu a me nā ahi e pio ka wai mai nā aʻa poni.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻAʻole i lawa ka nānā ʻana o kēia sphere o ke ola o nā mongoose hoʻokahi: ʻike ʻia lawe mai ka wahine mai 2 a 3 mau pēpē makapō a ʻōlohelohe hoʻi, e hānau ana iā lākou i loko o ka lua pōhaku a i ʻole lua lua. Makua nā keiki ma hope o 2 mau pule, a ma mua o ka mea pili i ka makuahine, nāna nō naʻe e mālama pono i nā keiki.
Mea nui! Ua aʻo ʻia ke ʻano hānau o nā mongoose kaiaulu i ke kikoʻī - ma kahi o nā ʻano āpau, he 2 mau mahina ka hāpai ʻana, koe wale nō nā mongoose ʻĀnia (42 mau lā) a me nā mongoose kaha ʻikiʻī (105 mau lā).
I ka hānau ʻana, ʻaʻole kaupaona ka holoholona ma mua o 20 g, a i kēlā me kēia hua he 2-3, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 6 mau keiki. Mālama pū ʻia nā pahu o nā wahine āpau a hiki ke hānai ʻia ʻaʻole wale e ko lākou makuahine, akā i kekahi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka nohona kaiaulu a me ka hana moekolohe o nā mongoose dwarf, nona nā kaiāulu maʻamau he 10-12 (kākaʻikahi ka 20-40) mau holoholona, e pili ana ma o ka laina o ka makuahine, hoihoi loa. Holo ʻia kahi hui e kahi mau monogamous, kahi e hele ai ke kuleana o ka luna i ka wahine makua, a me ka hope i kāna hoa.
ʻAe ʻia kēia mau kāne e hoʻohua i nā keiki: kaomi ka wahine nui i nā ʻano momona o nā kānaka ʻē aʻe... ʻO ke koena o nā kāne o ka hui, makemake ʻole e hoʻomanawanui i kēlā ʻano, hele pinepine i ka ʻaoʻao, i nā hui kahi hiki ke loaʻa kā lākou keiki ponoʻī.
Ke kū mai nā pēpē, hana nā kāne i ke kuleana o nā nannies, ʻoiai e haʻalele nā wahine e ʻimi i ka meaʻai. Mālama nā kāne i nā pēpē a, inā pono, kauō iā lākou, lālau i ka piko o ka ʻāʻī me ko lākou niho, i nā wahi palekana. Ke ulu aʻe nā pēpē, hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka meaʻai paʻa, a ma hope iki lawe lākou me lākou e aʻo iā lākou pehea e loaʻa ai kahi meaʻai kūpono. Loaʻa ka hānau ma nā mongoose ʻōpio ma kahi o 1 mau makahiki.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ua pāpā ka nui o nā mokuʻāina i ka lawe ʻana mai o mongoose, no ka mea momona loa lākou, e hoʻonui koke a lilo i pōʻino maoli no nā mahiʻai, e hoʻopau ana i nā rodents ʻaʻole e like me ka moa.
Hoihoi ia! No laila, i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia ma mua o ka hopena, ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā mongooses i ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina e hakakā me nā ʻiole a me nā ʻiole e ʻai ana i nā mea kō. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe hōkū e hoʻoweliweli maoli i ka holoholona kūloko.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, nā mongoose iā lākou iho (ʻoi aku ka pololei, kekahi o kā lākou laha) kau ʻia ma ka lihi o ka luku ma muli o nā hana a kahi kanaka e ʻoki ana i nā ululāʻau, kūkulu i nā wahi mahiʻai hou a hoʻopau i nā wahi maʻamau o mongooses. Eia kekahi, ua luku ʻia nā holoholona ma muli o kā lākou huelo huelo, a ua ʻimi pū ʻia lākou me nā ʻīlio.
ʻO kēia mau pūʻali koa mongooses e neʻe i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai a me nā wahi noho hou.... I kēia mau lā, ʻaʻohe kaulike ma waena o nā laha, kekahi o ia mau mea i hoʻokokoke ʻia (ma muli o nā hana kūpono ʻole a ke kanaka) ka paepae o ka make, a ua hānai kekahi i ka pōʻino, e hoʻoweliweli nei i ka hopena o nā ʻōiwi.
