Hoʻohui ka hapanui o ka poʻe i ka huaʻōlelo "caiman" me kahi crocodile liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole pololei loa: me nā ʻelele liʻiliʻi o ka genus (1.5-2 m), aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona nani o 2 keneta, a hiki i 3.5 m.
Hōʻike Caiman
Noho nā Caimans ma Central / ʻAmelika Hema a no ka ʻohana alligator. ʻAi aku lākou i ko lākou inoa generic, unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "crocodile", i nā Paniolo.
Mea nui! Hoʻomaopopo nā meaolaola ʻaʻole i loko o ka genus o nā caimans Melanosuchus (ʻeleʻele caimans) a me Paleosuchus (caimans poʻo poʻo).
ʻOiai ka like o ka like me nā alligators, ʻokoʻa lākou i ka hope o ke alo o kahi iwi o ka iwi (osteoderm) a me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka septum bony i ka lua olfactory. ʻO Crocodile a me nā caimans ākea ākea he pali iwi kū hoʻokahi e kū i ke alahaka o ka ihu ma lalo o nā maka.
Helehelena
ʻO nā lā o kēia au (ʻekolu o lākou) ʻokoʻa i ka nui: ʻike ʻia ka caiman maka ākea e like me ka paʻa loa, e ulu ana a 3.5 m me ka nui o 200 kg. ʻAʻole hiki ʻo Crocodile a me Paraguayan i 2.5 mau mika me ke kaumaha o 60 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
Kāpena mākaʻi
He crocodile a i ʻole caiman maʻamau me nā ʻāpana ʻekolu i ʻike ʻia, ʻike ʻia e ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka iwi poʻo, a me ke kala. ʻĀlohilohi nā ʻōpio, melemele maʻamau, me nā kaha ʻeleʻele / kiko kiko i ʻike ʻia i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Nalo ka yellowness ke ulu a makua. Ma ke ala like, lilo i kumu no ke kino i blur a laila nalowale. Lawe nā mea kolo makua i ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻoliva.
He hiʻohiʻona ko kēia mau caimans i nā fossil dinosaur - kahi pale triangular ma ka ʻāpana iwi o nā eyelids o luna. ʻO ka lōʻihi awelika o ka wahine he 1.5-2 m, ʻo ke kāne he 2-2.5 m. ʻO nā kānaka nunui e ulu nei a i 3 mau mika he mea laha ʻole i waena o nā caimans i hana nui ʻia.
Kaimana helehelena ākea
Kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa he ihu ākea. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka awelika ma mua o 2 m, a he ʻokoʻa ka poʻe nunui o 3.5 m i ka lula. Ua mahalo ʻia kona inoa i kona waha, ākea (a ʻo ka bony scutellum e holo nei) me nā kiko kikoʻi. Uhi ʻia ke kua o ka caiman i kahi kaʻa ikaika o nā unahi ossified accrete.
Pena ʻia nā holoholona mākua i loko o kahi ʻano ʻoliva expressionless: ʻo ka mamao aku i ka ʻākau o ka caimans ākea ākea e noho nei, ʻoi aku ka pouli o ka malu ʻoliva a ʻo ka hope.
ʻO Yakarsky caiman
ʻO Paraguayan ʻo ia, a ʻo Jacare paha. ʻAʻohe ona poʻomanaʻo a ʻano like me ka caiman nui kupaianaha, kahi i pili ai i kēia manawa. Kapa ʻia ʻo Jacaret i kekahi manawa ʻo piranha caiman ma muli o ka waha kikoʻī, nona nā niho lōʻihi lōʻihi e hoʻonui ʻia ma waho o nā palena o ka iwi ā luna a hana i nā puka ma laila.
Hoʻonui ia a 2 m, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i ʻekolu. E like me kona mau hoahānau, he mea kaua ma kona ʻōpū - he pūpū e pale aku ai iā ia mai nā nahu o nā iʻa iʻa.
ʻO ke ola, ʻano
ʻAneʻane makemake nā caimans āpau e noho i ka lepo, e hui pū me ko lākou kaiapuni.... ʻO ka maʻa mau kēia mau kahawai kahawai o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai e kahe ana i ka ululāʻau: ma aneʻi e hoʻomehana nā mea kolo i ko lākou mau ʻaoʻao no ka hapa nui o ka lā.
Hoihoi ia! Inā wela ka caiman, lilo ia i one one (e hōʻike i ka pā ʻana o ka lā).
I kahi maloʻo, ke nalowale ka wai, noho nā caimans i nā loko i koe, e ʻākoakoa ana i nā hui nui. ʻO ka poʻe Caimana, ʻoiai lākou no ka mea hōkai, ʻaʻole hopohopo i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka poʻe a me nā mea nui o nā mea momona. ʻO kēia ke kumu o kā lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka psyche: ʻoi aku ka maluhia a me ka hilahila o ka poʻe caimans ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻololi nā Caimans (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ʻAmelika Hema) i ko lākou kala, me ka hōʻailona ʻole i ka mahana a me ke anuanu o lākou. ʻ saidlelo nā mea ʻike maka i ka wanaʻao e ʻili ke ʻili o kahi holoholona anuanu ke hina ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi. Ke nalowale ke anuanu o ka pō, hoʻomālamalama ka ʻili a lilo i ʻōmaʻomaʻo haumia.
ʻIke nā Caymans i ka huhū, a ʻo ke ʻano o nā kani a lākou e hilinaʻi ai i ka makahiki. ʻUwi pōkole a ʻūlū nā caimans ʻōpio, e hoʻopuka nei i kahi mea e like me "kraaaa". Kani ka poʻe mākua i kahi ʻano haʻalulu a hoʻolōʻihi hoʻi, a ʻoiai hoʻi ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kāna mau ʻū, waiho hāmama ka waha. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, pani mālie ka waha.
Eia hou, hae nā caimans makua i nā manawa maʻamau, leo nui a kūlohelohe hoʻi.
Wā ola
ʻOiai paʻakikī e nānā i lalo, manaʻo ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, ola nā caimans a 30-40 mau makahiki. I loko o ko lākou ola, makemake lākou, e like me nā crocodile āpau, "uē" (ʻai i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia a hoʻomākaukau wale paha e hana.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻohe manaʻo maoli e hūnā ʻia ma hope o kēia hanana physiological. ʻO nā waimaka o Crocodile nā hunaʻi kūlohelohe mai nā maka, me kahi e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ka paʻakai nui mai ke kino. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hou ka caimans i ko lākou mau maka.
Nā ʻano o nā caimans
Ua hoʻokaʻawale nā meaolaola i nā ʻano caiman make ʻelua, i wehewehe ʻia mai nā koena o nā mōʻalihaku, a me ʻekolu mau ʻano ola e koe:
- Caiman crocodilus - caiman maʻamau (me nā ʻāpana ʻelua);
- ʻO Caiman latirostris - caiman maka ākea (ʻaʻohe ʻaoʻao poʻomanaʻo);
- ʻO Caiman yacare kahi mea kūʻai ʻole Paraguayan caiman.
Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ʻo nā caimans kekahi o nā loulou nui i ke kaulahao kaiaola: me ka hōʻemi ʻana o kā lākou helu, hoʻomaka nā iʻa e nalo. No laila, hoʻoponopono lākou i ka helu o nā piranhas, e hoʻoulu ikaika nei ma kahi o nā caimans.
I kēia mau lā, hana nā caimans (i ka hapa nui o ka laulā) no ka hemahema maoli o nā crocodile nui, hoʻopau ʻia ma muli o ka ʻimi ʻino. Ua mālama ʻia nā caimans mai ka luku ʻia ... ko lākou ʻili, hoʻohana liʻiliʻi no ka hana ʻana ma muli o ka nui o nā unahi keratinized. Ma ke ʻano he mau kānāwai, hele nā caimans i nā kāʻei, no laila hānai ʻia lākou i nā mahiʻai, e hala ana i ka ʻili me he crocodile.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Kaena ka nui loa caiman maʻamaunoho i ka USA a me nā mokuʻāina he nui o South / Central America: Brazil, Costa Rica, Colombia, Cuba, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guyana, Guatemala, French Guiana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, ʻO Tobago a me Venezuela.
ʻAʻole pili pono ka caiman spectacled i nā kino wai, a ke koho ʻana iā lākou, makemake ʻo ia i ka wai kū. Noho mau ia ma kahi o nā kahawai a me nā loko, a me nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Nui ka manaʻo i ke kau ua a hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi i ka maloʻo. Maliʻa paha he ʻelua mau lā i ka wai paʻakai. I ke kau maloʻo, peʻe ʻo ia i loko o nā lua a kanu paha iā ia iho i ka lepo wai.
Kahi wahi hou i paʻa o caiman ākea... Noho ʻo ia ma kahakai ʻAkelanika o ka ʻākau o ʻAtenitina, Paraguay, nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi o ka hema hikina o Brazil, Bolivia a me Uruguay. Noho kēia ʻano (me kahi ʻano wai wale nō) e noho ana i nā wahi bakau a me nā wahi kai ākea i hoʻonui ʻia me ka wai hou. Ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe, aloha nui ka caiman ihu ākea i nā kahawai e kahe mālie i nā ulu lāʻau.
ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻae maikaʻi ia i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, no laila ke ola nei ia i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 600 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Mālie ka manaʻo kokoke i kahi e noho ai ke kanaka, no ka laʻana, ma nā loko iʻa e hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai ka hoʻoinu wai holoholona.
ʻO ka thermophilic ʻoi loa o nā caimans hou - yakar, nona ka laulā e uhi nei iā Paraguay, nā wahi hema o Brazil a me ka ʻĀkau ʻo Argentina. Noho ʻo Jacaret i nā puʻu a me nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa, e hoʻomoana pinepine i nā mokupuni ʻōmaʻomaʻo e lana ana. Ke hoʻokūkū nei i nā waihona wai me ka caiman maka ākea, hoʻoneʻe ia i ka hope o nā wahi noho maikaʻi loa.
Mea ʻai, catching caiman
Kāpena mākaʻi pīhoihoi ʻo ia e pili ana i ka meaʻai a ʻai i nā mea āpau i makaʻu ʻole iā ia me kona nui. Hānai nā mea hōʻaiʻe ulu i nā invertebrates wai, e like me nā crustacean, nā pepelu a me nā molluscs. Pākuʻi ʻia - hoʻololi i nā vertebrates (iʻa, nā mea kolo, nā amphibians a me nā moa wai).
ʻAe ka caiman i hopu ʻia iā ia iho e ʻimi no ka pāʻani nui aʻe, e laʻa me nā puaʻa hihiu. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia laha i ka cannibalism: ʻai nā cimod crocodile i kā lākou mau hoa i nā wā maloʻo (i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka meaʻai maʻamau).
Ipu punahele caiman maka ākea - nā wai wai. ʻAʻohe hoihoi iki o nā mammalā terrestrial o kēia mau caimans.
Hoihoi ia! Ma ka luku ʻana i nā snails, hāʻawi nā caimans i kahi lawelawe waiwai nui i nā mahiʻai, ʻoiai nā molluscs e hoʻopili i nā ruminants me nā worm parasite (nā halihali o nā maʻi koʻikoʻi).
Lilo nā Caimans i ʻāpana o nā waihona wai, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana iā lākou i nā nīno e hoʻopōʻino i nā holoholona. ʻO ke koena o nā invertebrates, a me nā amphibians a me nā iʻa, e kiʻi pinepine i ka papa. ʻAi nā mākua i ka ʻiʻo o nā kuhukū wai, nona nā pūpū caiman e like me nā hua hua.
Paraguayan caiman, e like me ka ihu ākea, makemake e hoʻopōloli iā ia iho me nā koʻi wai. I kekahi manawa e ʻimi ʻo ia i ka iʻa, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā moʻo a me nā rana. ʻAi wale nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i nā mollusks wale nō, ke hoʻololi nei i nā vertebrates ma ka makahiki ʻekolu wale nō.
Ka hana hou ʻana o caimans
Aia nā caimans āpau i kahi hierarchy koʻikoʻi, me ke kūlana o kahi predator ma muli o ka ulu a me ka momona. I nā kāne haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, lohi ka ulu ʻana (ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi). ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia kēia mau kāne kāne e hānau.
Ua hiki i ka wahine ke oʻo i ka wahine ma kahi o 4-7 mau makahiki, ke ulu ʻo ia a ma kahi o 1.2 m. Mākaukau nā kāne e hoa ma ka makahiki like. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia lākou i mua o kā lākou mau hoa i ke kiʻekiʻe, hiki i 1.5-1.6 mau mika i ka lōʻihi e kēia manawa.
ʻO ke kau moʻo e mau ana mai Mei a ʻAukake, akā kau mau ʻia nā hua ma mua o ka wā ua, i Iulai - ʻAukake. Hana ka wahine i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pūnana, e uhi ana iā ia i ke ʻano nui (i hana ʻia i ka pālolo a me nā mea kanu) ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau. Ma nā kahakai ākea, kakaʻikahi loa nā pūnana o ka caiman.
Hoihoi ia! I ke kūpeʻe, kiaʻi pono ʻia e ka wahine, aia he mau hua maʻa mau he 15-20, i kekahi manawa piʻi ka helu i 40. Hoʻopiʻi nā Crocodiles i nā lā 70-90. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui loa mai nā tegus, nā moʻo karnivorous e luku ana a 80% o ka paʻa ʻana o caiman.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua ma 2 mau papa e hana i kahi ʻokoʻa mahana e hoʻoholo ai i ka moekolohe o nā embryos: ʻo kēia ke kumu e like ana ka nui o nā "keikikāne" a me nā "kaikamahine" i ka brood.
Hū ka nui o nā pēpē i hatch, haki ka makuahine i ka pūnana a huki iā lākou i loko o ka wai kokoke loa i ka wai... Mālama pinepine nā wahine ʻaʻole wale i kā lākou keiki, akā ʻo nā caimans kokoke, ka poʻe i hele hewa mai ko lākou makuahine ponoʻī.
I kekahi manawa ke nānā nei ke kāne i nā pēpē, ke lawe nei i nā ʻoihana palekana, ʻoiai ke kolo nei ka hoa e ʻaʻai. Hele pū nā ʻōpio me ko lākou makua no ka manawa lōʻihi, ke kau nei i ka faila hoʻokahi a hele pū i waena o nā kino wai papau.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ma ka wahi mua o ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā caimans he mau crocodile nui a me nā caimans ʻeleʻele, keu hoʻi ma kēlā mau wahi kahi e hui ai ko lākou mau pono nui (nā wahi).
Eia hou, alualu ʻia nā caimans e:
- jaguars;
- kanaka nunui otters;
- nui anacondas.
I ka hālāwai ʻana me ka ʻenemi, hoʻāʻo ka caiman e hoʻi i ka wai, e neʻe ana i uka me ka wikiwiki maikaʻi. Inā hoʻolālā ʻia kahi hakakā, hoʻāʻo nā caimans ʻōpio e alakaʻi hewa i ka hoa paio ma ka pehu ʻana i ka laulā a hoʻonui i ka nui i ko lākou nui.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Heluna kanaka o kēia au ʻO Yakar caiman ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa (100-200 tausani), akā hiki i kēia manawa kūpaʻa mau ia a mālama (ʻoiai i nā kau maikaʻi ʻole) ma ka pae like. ʻO ka hoʻokūpaʻa o ka helu o nā holoholona i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i nā papahana hui o Brazil, Bolivia a me Argentina no ka mālama ʻana i ka caiman Paraguayan.
No laila, ma Bolivia, kau ʻia ke koʻikoʻi ma luna o nā mea kolo hānau e noho ana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, a ma Argentina a me Brazil, ua wehe ʻia nā mahiʻai kūikawā a ke holo pono nei.
I kēia manawa ua helu ʻia ʻo ka Yakar caiman ma ke ʻano he ʻano pale i ka puke IUCN Red. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o kēia paʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike a helehelena ākea caiman, nona ka helu ma kahi o 250-500 tausani kānaka.
Ua hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe biologists i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o nā laha i ka hapa haneli i hala. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu ka wao nahele a me ka haumia o nā wahi noho ma muli o ka palau ʻana o nā mahi mahiʻai hou a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea kanu uila.
Hoihoi ia! No ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka heluna kanaka, ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau papahana: ma ʻAnenekia, no ka laʻana, ua kūkulu ʻia nā mahiʻai e hānai i nā caimans ākea ākea, a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā pūʻulu mua o nā mea hōkai.
Papa inoa ʻulaʻula o IUCN kupanaha caiman me ʻelua o kāna mau ʻāpana (Apaporis a me brown). ʻIke ʻia ʻo kēlā me kēia heluna kanaka o ka crocodile caiman, i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e ka hana a ke kanaka, i kēia manawa ke hoʻi nei me ka lohi. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomohala ʻia nei nā ana mālama no kēia laha o ka caimans.
