ʻO Argali, a i ʻole ka hipi hipa mauna (Ovis ammon) kahi mammal nani loa a hanohano o ka ʻohana bovine a me ke kauoha artiodactyl. ʻIke ʻia kēia mammal laha ʻole ʻo ka argali.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka hipa kāne mauna
ʻO Argali ka mea i koho nui ʻia i ka mahele hipa hihiu.... ʻO ka inoa kikoʻī latina ʻo Amona e hoʻopaʻa i ka inoa o ke akua ʻo Amun. Wahi a ka moʻo, ka makaʻu ikaika iā Typhon i koi aku i nā poʻe o ka lani e huli i nā holoholona like ʻole, a loaʻa iā ʻAmona ke ʻano o kahi hipa kāne. I kulike ai me ka moolelo kahiko, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ʻAmona ma ke ʻano he kāne me nā pepeiaohao o ka hipa nui a wili.
Nā ʻohana hānai mauna
ʻO ka argali a i ʻole nā ʻano hipa mauna e pili ana i kekahi mau ʻāpana i aʻo maikaʻi ʻia a ʻokoʻa hoʻi i ka helehelena.
- Altai hipa kāne a i ʻole ʻo Ovis ammon ammon;
- Anatolian mouflon a i ʻole ʻo Ovis ammon anatolisa;
- ʻO nā hipa Bukhara a i ʻole ʻo Ovis ammon bosharensis;
- Kazakh argali a i ʻole ʻo Ovis ammon colium;
- Gansu argali or Ovis ammon dalailamae;
- Hipa mauna mauna Tibeta a i ʻole Ovis ammon hоdgsоnii;
- Nā hipa mauna Kina ʻĀkau a i ʻole ʻo Ovis ammon jubata;
- Tien Shan mauna hipa a i ʻole Ovis ammon karelini;
- argali Kozlova a i ʻole Ovis ammon kozlоvi;
- hipa mauna a i ʻole ʻo Ovis ammon nigrimontana;
- Hipa Cypriot a i ʻole Ovis ammon orhion;
- hipa mauna ʻo Marco Polo a i ʻole Ovis ammon roli;
- ʻO nā hipa kuahiwi ʻo Kyzylkum a i ʻole ʻo Ovis ammon sevеrtzоvi;
- Urmian mouflon a i ʻole ʻo Ovis ammon urmiana.
ʻO nā mea hoihoi loa nā subspecies argali - Altai a i ʻole Tien Shan hipa mauna. ʻO kēia māmela hāpau ʻia nona ka ʻohana o nā hipa kāne bovine, nona ka pepeiaohao mana loa a kaumaha loa hoʻi. ʻO ke kaulike kaulike o nā pepeiaohao o kahi kāne makua e hōʻea pinepine i 33-35 kg. Hiki ke loli ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi kāne kāne moekolohe ma nā mea mae wale ma waena o 70-125 cm, me ka lōʻihi o ke kino a i ʻelua mau mika a me ke kaupaona ma ke kaha o 70-180 kg.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo he 13-14 cm. ʻO nā ʻelele āpau o nā subspecies O. ammon ammon ʻike ʻia e ke kū ʻana o kahi kino squat, lahilahi, akā ikaika loa nā lālā. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka hope o ka waha o ka holoholona ma mua o kona poʻo a me kona kua. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i ka heluna hipa mauna ʻo Altai e nā hui nui ʻelua: wahine me nā ʻōpio a me nā kāne makua kāne.
ʻAʻole hoihoi iki ka hipa Kyzylkum mauna a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa a Severtsov. Ke hoʻoweliweli nei kēia o nā panalāʻau o Kazakhstan i kēia manawa o ka luku ʻia ʻana, a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mau ʻāpana i hoʻokahi haneli mau kānaka. ʻO Ovis ammon sеvеrtzоvi helu ʻia i ka Red Data Book e hana nei ma ka ʻāina o Kazakhstan.
Helehelena Argali
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka argali makua he 120-200 cm, me kahi kiʻekiʻe ma nā mea mae o 90-120 cm a me ke kaupaona i ke kaha o 65-180 kg... Aia i ka subspecies, ʻaʻole wale ka nui, akā ʻokoʻa ke kala o ke kino, akā i kēia lā ʻo ka nui loa ka Pamir argali, a i ʻole ka ram hipa mauna ʻo Marco Polo, ka mea i loaʻa ka inoa i ka hanohano o ka mea huakaʻi kaulana nāna i hāʻawi ka wehewehe mua o kēia mammal, kahi artiodactyl.
Kuhi ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine o kēia mau mea e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pepeiaohao lōʻihi loa. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pepeiaohao o ka hipa mauna mauna, a he 13 mau kaupaona o ke kaumaha o ka holoholona holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā kukuna, a i ka 180-190 cm ka lōʻihi, wili wili ʻia, me nā wēlau i huli i waho a i luna.
Hoihoi ia! Ua makemake nui ʻia nā pepeiaohao hipa mauna me nā poʻe hahai holoholona no nā makahiki he nui, no laila pinepine ko lākou kumukūʻai he mau tausani kālā.
Hiki ke loli nui ke kala o ke kino o ka mammal batiine artiodactyl, i hoʻoholo ʻia e nā ʻano o nā subspecies. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ua hōʻike ʻia ke kala e kahi ākea ākea loa mai nā kahakai one māmā a i ke kala hina hina-ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino e ka waihoʻoluʻu māmā. Aia nā kaha ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino o ka hipa mauna, kahi e hōʻike ʻokoʻa ai i ka ʻāpana pouli o luna o ke kino mai ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa māmā. Mālamalama mau ka wahi o ka waha a me ka ʻāpana.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o ke kala o ka hipa kāne mauna mauna ke kū ʻana o kahi apo nona ke ʻano, i hōʻike ʻia e ka huluhulu māmā a aia ma ka ʻāʻī o ka holoholona, a me ke alo o ka lauoho elongated i ka wahi nape. ʻO ka mammal hapalua o ka pepeiaohao i hoʻoluhi ʻia i ka manawa hoʻokahi i ka makahiki, a ʻo ka huluhulu hoʻoilo kahi kala māmā a me ka lōʻihi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka uhi kauwela. ʻO nā wāwae o ka hipa kāne mauna kiʻekiʻe a lahilahi hoʻi ia, a me nā pepeiaohao ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ke kao mauna (Sarra).
Mea nui! Ke makaʻu nei ke ola, hoʻomaka ka holoholona makua e snort ikaika loa a lawa ka nui, a pīpī ka poʻe ʻōpio e like me nā keiki hipa o kahi hipa kūloko.
Ka nohona a me ka lawena
Pili nā hipa kāne kuahiwi i ka mahele o nā holoholona i ʻike ʻia e ka nohona noho. I ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela, hana nā mammal bivine artiodactyl i nā neʻe kū i luna i kapa ʻia. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau kau, hoʻohui ʻia nā hipa mauna mauna argali i loko o nā pūʻā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nona ka nui o kanakolu mau poʻo, a i ka hoʻoilo ua hoʻonui nui ʻia kēia ʻano puaʻa a hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā holoholona he haneli o nā makahiki like ʻole.
Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i kahi hui o nā hipa mauna e ka hui o nā wahine a me nā holoholona ʻōpio, a me nā hui kēkelē kaʻawale. Hiki i nā kāne kāne moekolohe nui ke hānai ʻokoʻa mai ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka nānā mau ʻana, hōʻike ʻia nā hipa kāne i loko o hoʻokahi pūʻulu me ke ahonui a me ka ʻoluʻolu kekahi i kekahi.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole hāʻawi nā hipa kāne makua i ke kōkua i ko lākou mau hoahānau, akā naʻe, ke nānā pono ʻia nā ʻano hana o kēlā me kēia lālā o ka ʻohana, a i ke alo o kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona i hoʻopuka ʻia e hoʻokahi hipa kāne, lawe ka pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa i kahi kakali-a-ʻike a i ʻole kūlana pale.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hipa kāne mauna hihiu me ke akahele loa a me ka noʻonoʻo pono o nā māmela, hiki ke nānā pono i nā wahi āpau a puni lākou. I nā hōʻailona mua loa o ka makaʻu, hoʻi hope ʻo argali i ke ala e hiki ai i nā mea ʻenemi ke loaʻa iki. I ka hiki ke piʻi pōhaku, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hipa mauna ma mua o ke kao mauna.
ʻAʻole hiki i kahi holoholona kīpoki ke neʻe i nā ʻūlili kiʻekiʻe, a ʻike nō hoʻi i ka lele liʻiliʻi ʻana me ka maʻalahi ma luna o nā wahi pōhaku. Eia nō naʻe, piʻi ka kiʻekiʻe lele awelika i mau mika ʻelua, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o ʻelima mau mika. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hana nui a nā hipa mauna mauna bovine me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kakahiaka nui, a i ke awakea e hele nā holoholona e hoʻomaha nui, kahi e nau ai lākou i ka kāpili i ka wā e moe ana. Makemake ʻo Argali e hānai i ka momona i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.
Ehia mau makahiki e ola ai ka argali
Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻokoʻa ka awelika o kahi hipa mauna a argali paha i ka nui o nā kumu kūwaho, e like me ka mahele o ka puʻunaue. Akā, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, ma nā kūlohelohe, nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki i kahi holoholona mamele ʻōniʻoniʻo ʻia i uhi ʻia e ka ʻokiʻoki ʻia he 10 a he ʻumikūmālua paha mau makahiki ke ola.
Kahi noho a me nā wahi noho
Noho ʻo Mountain argali, ma ke ʻano he rula, ma nā kuahiwi a me nā wahi mauna o Central a me Central Asia, e piʻi ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1.3-6.1 tausani mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Noho ka mammal maikaʻi ma ka Himalayas, Pamirs a me Tibet, a me Altai a me Mongolia. I kēia mau lā, ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka nui o nā holoholona ʻano poʻo ʻoiʻoi ʻia, a ua ʻike nui ʻia ka argali mauna ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Western Siberia a me hikina, a ma ka hema komohana hoʻi o Yakutia.
I kēia manawa, pili ka nohona o ka argali i nā ʻano o nā subspecies:
- nā ʻāpana ʻo Ovis ammon ammon i loaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana mauna o ka Gobi a me ka Mongolian Altai, a ma nā kualono a me nā mea nui o nā panalāʻau o ka Hikina ʻo Kazakhstan, Altai Hema-Hema, Tuva Hema-Hema a me Mongolia;
- loaʻa nā ʻāpana ʻo Ovis ammon colllium ma ka Highlands ʻo Kazakh, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Balkhash, Kalbinskiy Altai, Tarbagatai, Monrak a me Saur;
- nā ʻāpana ʻo Ovis ammon hоdgsonii loaʻa i ka pā Tibet a me ka Himalayas, me Nepal a me India;
- Nā ʻāpana ʻo Ovis ammon karelini i loaʻa ma Kazakhstan, a ma Kyrgyzstan a me Kina;
- nā ʻāpana ʻo Ovis ammon roli noho i ka panalāʻau o Tajikistan a me Kyrgyzstan, Kina, a ʻo Afghanistan hoʻi;
- Noho nā ʻāpana ʻo Ovis ammon jubata i ka mauna Tibet nui;
- nā ʻāpana ʻo Ovis ammon sеvеrtzоvi noho i ka ʻaoʻao komohana o nā pae mauna ma Kazakhstan, a me kekahi mau wahi ma ka panalāʻau o Uzbekistan.
Makemake nā hipa kuahiwi i nā wahi ākea, e ʻae auwana ma nā ʻanuʻu mauna a me nā wahi pali wawae, a me nā mauʻu alpine mauʻu, ulu pono ʻia me nā lau nahele. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka mammal ʻōhule poʻo ʻia i nā kahawai pōhaku a me nā awāwa me nā uka pōhaku... Hoʻāʻo ʻo Argali e hōʻalo i nā wahi i hōʻike ʻia e nā mānoanoa mānoanoa o nā mea ulu lāʻau. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana āpau ka neʻe kūleʻa kau.
Hoihoi ia! I ke kauwela, piʻi ʻo argali i nā wahi o ke kāʻei alpine, waiwai i nā mea kanu lau nahele hou, a i ka hoʻoilo, nā holoholona, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, e iho i ka ʻāina o nā wahi hānai me ka hau liʻiliʻi.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka hipa kāne mauna
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o ka argali, noho nā ʻīlio hae i ka wahi mua i ka mea nui. ʻO ka ʻimi holoholona o kēia mea ʻaʻa no nā mammals bovine artiodactyl ka mea e nui ai ka pōʻino o ka lehulehu, ʻoiai makemake nā hipa kāne mauna e noho ma kahi ākea a hāmama hoʻi, a me nā wahi ʻike pono ʻia.
Eia kekahi, hoʻemi nui ʻia ka heluna argali mahalo i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā hipa mauna e like me ka leopadi hau, leopadi, coyote, cheetah, ʻaeto a me nā ʻaeto gula. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻimi ʻimi ʻia nā hipa mauna e nā poʻe e hoʻomake i nā māmela puʻupuʻu ʻia i mea e lawe ai i ka ʻiʻo, nā ʻili a me nā pepeiaohao pipiʻi.
Papaʻai o Argali
ʻO ka hipa mauna hihiu argali no ka mahele o nā herbivores, ʻo ia ke kumu i hōʻike ʻia ai ka papaʻai nui o nā artiodactyls e nā ʻano mea kanu lau nahele, a he ʻano ia o ka wahi a me kahi e ola ai nā mea ʻohana. Wahi a nā ʻike ʻepekema lehulehu, makemake ka bovine argali i nā cereala i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole o nā mea kanu.
Hoihoi ia!Kūpono ʻole nā mea lawelawe āpau, no laila, me ka hoʻohui i nā cereala, ʻai lākou i ka sedge a me ka hodgepodge me ka hauʻoli nui a me ka nui.
ʻAʻole makaʻu iki ka mammal poʻo poʻo ʻia i ka wā maikaʻi ʻole a me ka ua lewa, no laila ʻai ikaika i nā mea kanu momona a i ka wā ua nui. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai no kahi hipa mauna ʻaʻole ia he mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā, no laila ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ke ʻano o kēlā holoholona e inu no ka manawa lōʻihi. Inā pono, hiki i ka argali ke inu i ka wai paʻakai.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ma mua iki o ka moʻo ʻana, hoʻohui ʻia nā hipa kāne mauna i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o ka nui o umikumamalima mau poʻo. Aia ke oʻo makua i ka wahine argali i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, akā ʻo ka hiki i nā holoholona ke hānau hou ke loaʻa i ka makahiki ʻelua wale nō. Ua hele a makua ka hipa mauna mauna i ka makahiki o ʻelua, akā pili ka holoholona i ka hana kope ma hope aku, mai kahi o ʻelima mau makahiki.
I kēia makahiki, kipaku mau ʻia nā kāne ʻōpio mai nā wahine aku e ko lākou poʻe hoahānau makua a nui loa hoʻi. ʻAʻole like ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka rut hana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka laulā hipa mauna. ʻO kahi laʻana, i nā poʻe e noho ana ma ka panalāʻau o Kyrgyzstan, hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ke kau rutting i Nowemapa a i Kekemapa paha. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā hipa kāne kāne makua ka hiki ke hana no lākou i nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "haremes", nona nā wahine ʻewalu a ʻoi paha. ʻO ka nui o nā wahine no kēlā me kēia hipa kāne kāne makua makua e like me iwakāluakūmālima mau kānaka.
Me nā wahine, ʻo ia ʻano holoholona e komo pū kekahi mau holoholona makua ʻole. ʻO ka moekolohe, akā ʻaʻole lawa ka ikaika, nā kāne ʻōpio o ia ʻano artiodactyls bovine, mālama ʻia mai nā wahine e nā hoa hakakā ikaika a hoʻomohala ʻia hoʻi, i ka manawa o ka wā rutting e hui pinepine i nā hui liʻiliʻi e hele ma kahi mamao aku mai nā "harems" i haku ʻia.
I ka wā o ka male ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā kāne o argali e ka pīhoihoi ikaika a alualu ikaika i ka wahine ma ke ʻano o ka moekolohe, ma muli o ke akahele. Aia ia i loko o kahi manawa i ʻaʻohe paʻakikī o nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona a me nā mea ʻānai i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i kahi mamao weliweli i nā artiodactyls. Nui nā hakakā o ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā kāne makua a mākaukau hoʻi i ka wā o ka rutting, kahi e loli ai nā holoholona a hoʻokokoke hou aku, e pā ana i ko lākou lae a me nā kumu o nā pepeiaohao me ka ikaika kupaianaha i ka wā o ka holo.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki ke lohe ʻia nā leo nui e pili ana i nā hopena i nā kuahiwi a ʻo kahi mamao o kekahi mau mile. Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka manawa rutting, hoʻokaʻawale hou nā kāne o ka argali mai nā wahine āpau a, hui pū i nā hui liʻiliʻi, piʻi i nā kuahiwi.
ʻO ka manawa hānau o kahi wahine argali ma kahi o ʻelima a ʻeono paha mahina, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o nā keiki hipa me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela o ka puna. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hipa ʻana, neʻe aku nā hipa mauna wahine mai ka pūʻulu nui a nānā i nā wahi puʻu pōhaku a i ʻole nā nāhelehele nui no ka hipa. Ma ka hopena o ka hipa ʻana, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hānau ʻia hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau keiki hipa, akā ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi he pākolu.
ʻO ke kaulike kaulike o nā keiki hipa hānau hou e pili pono i kā lākou helu, akā, pinepine, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 3.5-4.5 kg. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka dimorphism moekolohe, ma ke ʻano o ke kaupaona, i ka wā hānau he nāwaliwali loa. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine hānau hou ma mua o nā kāne. I nā lā mua loa o ke ola, nāwaliwali loa nā keiki hipa hānau hou a kōkua ʻole. Hū lākou ma waena o nā pōhaku nunui a i ʻole nā lāʻau. Ma kahi o ke kolu a i ʻole o ka hā o ka lā, ʻoi aku ka eleu o nā keiki hipa a ukali i ko lākou makuahine.
Inā i nā lā mua, makemake nā wahine hipa a pau o ka hipa mauna e noho kaʻawale, a laila ma hope o ʻelua mau pule, ma hope o ka ikaika iki o ka keiki, hoʻomaka lākou e holoholo a hui pū i kekahi mau hui. Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā pūʻā wahine liʻiliʻi e ka ulu ʻōpio o ka makahiki i hala. Hoʻohana ʻia ka waiū o ka makuahine ma ke ʻano he meaʻai nui no nā hipa hipa mauna a hiki i ka waena o ke kauwela. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa iki kēia huahana olakino a momona hoʻi mai ka waiū hipa o ka home e pili ana i kāna ʻano kemika a me ka ʻono.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻai ʻana o ka hānai ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā mea i kaupalena ʻia e nā keiki hipa i mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā o ke kauwela, kahi ʻāpana nui o ka hānai ʻōpio kūʻokoʻa. Wahine, i ko lākou ulu a ulu ʻana, ʻike ʻia ke kua ma hope o nā kāne i ka nui.
Hoihoi ia! Ulu mālie ka argali mauna a no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ʻike ʻia ka ulu lohi o nā kāne, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui a kokoke i ko lākou ola.
Ke kūlana heluna a me ka pale ʻana o nā laha
Pana ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona kūloko i nā hipa mauna ma ka lehulehu no kā lākou pepeiaohao, kahi e hoʻohana nui ʻia e nā mea hōʻola o ka lāʻau kuʻuna Kina e hoʻomākaukau i nā potion like ʻole. ʻAneʻane nā ʻāpana āpau o kēia mamele puʻupuʻu ākea e noho nei i nā wahi paʻakikī e hiki ai, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke kāohi pololei i kā lākou helu.
Hoʻoneʻe pinepine ʻia ʻo Argali mai nā wahi hānai e nā holoholona, a ma hope iho ua kūpono ʻole nā māla no ka hānai ʻana i nā hipa mauna... Hoʻopilikia loa ʻia ka emi ʻana o nā helu i ka loli, ke ʻino a me ka hoʻoilo.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Argali a i ʻole mauna argali hipa mauna i loko o ka Red Book o ka Russian Federation, a he mea kēia e hiki ai ke hoʻokolokolo i ka poʻe e ʻimi kū kānāwai ʻole i ka artiodactyl hopohopo. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka hana, hiki ke hoʻohina ʻia ka argali, a no ka ʻoluʻolu o ka mālama pio ʻana no ia ʻano hipa mauna mauna, ua lawa ia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi peni ākea me ka pā kiʻekiʻe a ikaika hoʻi, a me kahi lumi me nā mea inu a me nā mea hānai. No ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka heluna kanaka o nā laha, hoʻonoho ʻia kekahi mau holoholona ʻaneʻane make i nā wahi pale kūikawā a mālama ʻia i nā zoo.
