ʻO ka ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula a ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula paha (Vulres vulres) kahi māmele predatory e pili ana i ka ʻohana canid. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻalopeke maʻamau ka laha ākea a me ka nui o nā ʻāpana fox.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻalopeke maʻamau
ʻO ka ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula kahi predator ākea loa i ko mākou ʻāina, no ka papa o nā mea mammal a me ka ʻohana canid... He waiwai nui kēlā ʻano holoholona ma ke ʻano he holoholona hulu waiwai, a me kahi mea hoʻokele o ka nui o nā ʻelala a me nā rodents. I ka helehelena, ʻo ka ʻalopeka kahi holoholona hihiu me ka muō elongated, kahi kino lokomaikaʻi a haʻahaʻa, a me nā wīwī lahilahi.
Helehelena
ʻO ke kala a me ka nui o ka ʻalopeke i ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma muli o ka nohona. I nā wahi o ka ʻākau, he nui ka nui o ke kino a me ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka ʻahu o ka palekoki, a ma ka hema, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka liʻiliʻi a me ka puʻupuʻu o nā kānaka. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau, a ma nā wahi mauna hoʻi, ʻike pinepine ʻia ke ʻano ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻano melanistic ʻē aʻe o ke kala fox.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kala maʻamau me ke kua ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, ʻōpū keʻokeʻo a me nā wāwae pouli. ʻO ka pinepine, he ʻalani ʻulaʻula ka ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula ma ka pali a ma kahi o nā poʻohiwi, e like me ke keʻa i ka helehelena. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka predator makua ma waena o 60-90 cm, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka huelo he 40-60 cm me kahi kiʻekiʻe poʻohiwi o 35-40 cm.ʻO ke kaupaona maʻamau o ka fox makua makua mai 6.0 a 10.0 kg.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka ʻalopeke maʻamau, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kala nui, ke alo o nā pepeiao ʻeleʻele a me kahi kiko keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka huelo.
Nā ʻāpana Fox
I kēia manawa, aia paha ma kahi o kanahā a kanalima mau ʻāpana o ka ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula, ke waiho ʻole ʻia i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi loa o kēia predatory mammal. Ma kahi o ʻumikūmālima mau ʻāpana ola e noho nei ma ka ʻāina o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, a ma kahi o kanakolukolu mau ʻāpana nui i ʻike ʻia i ke koena o ka pae kūlohelohe.
Ka nohona a me ke ʻano
Hāʻawi kahi papahele kanaka e kahi pālua makua a ʻohana paha o nā ʻalopeke i nā mea ʻaihue ʻaʻole wale me kahi waihona meaʻai lawa, akā kūpono nō hoʻi no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā lua i ʻeli ʻia e kēia mammal nona iho. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hoʻohana nā ʻalopeke i nā lua kūpale i haʻalele ʻia e nā ʻino, nā mikina, nā ʻalopeka arctic a me nā ʻano holoholona ʻē aʻe e ʻānai ana.
Aia kekahi mau hihia kaulana i ka wā i hoʻololi ʻia kahi ʻalopeke no kāna pono ponoʻī i kahi lua kaʻawale o kahi holoholona hihiu ʻē aʻe, a no laila, noho pū i ka lua i ka manawa like me kahi holoholona e like me ka laʻana.
ʻO ka pinepine, kau ka ʻalopeke ma nā kahawai a i ʻole ma waena o nā puʻu, i hōʻike ʻia e nā lepo one, pale ʻia mai ke kai kūʻono e ka ua, ka lepo a hoʻoheheʻe wai paha.... I kēlā me kēia hihia, pono i ka lua o ia predator he mau puka komo i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a me nā tunnels lōʻihi a me kahi keʻena hoʻonohonoho kūpono. I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻohana nā ʻalopeke i nā hale noho kūlohelohe no ka noho ʻana i ke ana o nā ana volumous a me nā kahakaha pōhaku a i ʻole nā hollows i kahi lāʻau hina hina.
Hoihoi ia! Ma ke ʻano he rula, hoʻohana nā ʻalopeke i nā hale noho paʻa wale no ka wā o ka hānau a me ka hānai ʻana o nā keiki, a ʻo ke koena o ka manawa e ʻoluʻolu ka mea ʻaihue me ka hoʻomaha ʻana i kahi lua hāmama, i lako pono i ka mauʻu a i ʻole ka hau.
ʻO kahi alopeke maʻamau, e neʻe ana i kahi kūlana mālie, neʻe i kahi laina pololei, no laila, e waiho i hope o kahi kaulahao maopopo a ʻike pono ʻia o nā ala. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi holoholona makaʻu e ka holo wikiwiki ʻana me ka lihi haʻahaʻa o ke kino a me kahi huelo i hoʻolōʻihi ʻia. Hoʻololi kūpono ʻia ka hihiʻo o kahi mea ʻino no ka manawa pouli o ka lā, ke hana nui ka holoholona.
Me nā holoholona predatory ʻē aʻe, hana ka ʻalopeke me ka wikiwiki o ka uila i kēlā me kēia neʻe, akā ʻike maikaʻi ʻole i nā kala, keu hoʻi i nā hola o ke ao.
Wā ola
I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hiki i ka awelika ke ola ʻana o ka ʻalopeke maʻamau i kahi hapahā o ke kenekulia, a ʻo kahi holoholona holoholona hihiu e noho ana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe hiki ke ola ma mua o 10 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho a me nā wahi noho
Noho ka ʻalopeke maʻamau i nā panalāʻau āpau o ko mākou ʻāina, koe wale nō ka tundra ʻākau a me nā ʻāpana mokupuni o ka Lae Polar, kahi e noho nui ai ka ʻalopeke Arctic... Hoʻololi maikaʻi loa ʻia kahi predator ākea i nā ʻano wahi like ʻole, no laila ʻike ʻia ia i nā wahi mauna, taiga a me tundra, a me nā ʻāpana steppe a me nā wao akua. Eia nō naʻe, me ka nānā ʻole i kona wahi noho, makemake ka ʻalopeke i nā wahi hāmama a hāmama paha.
Ma ka moku o ka tundra a me ka ululāʻau, pili ka mammal predatory i nā ululāʻau, kahi i loaʻa i nā awāwa kahawai a kokoke i nā loko. ʻO kahi maikaʻi loa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka ʻalopeke, hōʻike ʻia e nā kikowaena waena a me ka hema o ko mākou ʻāina, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia nā wahi ulu lāʻau liʻiliʻi me nā awāwa a me nā kahawai, nā kula a me nā kula.
Inā i ka wā hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo e hoʻolilo ka holoholona i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka manawa ma nā wahi hāmama, a laila me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna a me ke kauwela, i ke kahua o ka hana hou hana, neʻe ka mea ʻaihue i nā wahi mamao aku.
Nānā ʻalopeke maʻamau
ʻOiai pili i ka mahele o nā predator maʻamau, ʻokoʻa loa ka ʻai a ka ʻalopeke. Hōʻike ʻia ka waihona meaʻai o ia holoholona e ʻehā haneli mau ʻano holoholona, a me kekahi mau kakini o nā mea kanu mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaneʻane ma nā wahi āpau ka papaʻai o kahi mammal predatory me nā rodents liʻiliʻi. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā hoʻoilo, huli nui ka ʻalopeke i nā voles.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO Mumbling kahi ala e alualu ai i ka ʻalopeke maʻamau, kahi o ka holoholona, kahi i ʻike ai i ka uhi o kahi koʻokoʻo ma lalo o ka hau, luʻu ʻiʻo ma lalo o ka hau me nā lele wikiwiki, a hoʻopuehu hoʻi me nā wāwae, i maʻalahi ka hopu ʻana i ka mea pio.
ʻO nā mea māmala nunui, e komo pū ana me nā bea a me nā ʻāne dia, a me nā manu a me kā lākou mau moa, he mea liʻiliʻi i ka papaʻai a ka mea ʻaihue. ʻO nā poʻe e noho ana ma ka panalāʻau o ka wao nahele a me nā wahi semi-wao nahele e ʻimi nei i nā mea kolo, a me nā mea ʻaihue o Kanada a me ka ʻākau hikina o Eurasia, e noho ana ma nā kahakai, hoʻohana i ka salemona i make ma hope o ka hānai ʻana no kā lākou meaʻai I ke kauwela, ʻai ka ʻalopeke i ka nui o nā beetles a me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe, a me kā lākou larvae. I kahi wā pōloli nui, hiki i kahi mammal predatory ke hoʻohana i ka ʻako i ʻohiʻohi ʻia no ka meaʻai. Hōʻike ʻia nā meaʻai i nā mea kanu e nā huaʻai, nā huaʻai a me nā hua, a i kekahi manawa kekahi mau mea kanu o nā mea kanu.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā hānau o ka ʻalopeke maʻamau e hāʻule i ka waena a i ʻole ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, ke hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke alualu i ka manawa ʻelima a ʻeono paha, e uē ana a e hakakā pū kekahi me kekahi. Ke hoʻomākaukau nei no ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka wahine i ka lua, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā ʻalopeke, kū ka makuahine i ka haʻalele ʻana i kona home. I loko o kēia wā, ʻimi nā kāne, waiho i kāna mea pio ma ka puka pono o ka lua.
I ka litter, ma ke ʻano he rula, aia he ʻelima a ʻeono paha, makapō a me nā auricle paʻa, uhi ʻia nā kino o lākou me kahi puʻupuʻu o nā keiki pōkole o kahi kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Mai nā lā mua o ke ola, loaʻa i nā cubs kahi hiʻohiʻona keʻokeʻo o ka huelo. ʻO ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻalopeke he wikiwiki loa ia. I ka makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha makahiki, ua wehe mua nā pēpē i ko lākou mau pepeiao a me nā maka, a puka pū nā niho, no laila hoʻomaka lākou e kolo i waho o ka lua e hoʻāʻo ai i ka meaʻai "mākua".
Hoihoi ia!Hānai ʻia nā keiki ulu i kēia manawa e nā mākua ʻelua.
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka hānai ʻana o ka waiū ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mahina, a ma hope e hoʻomaka ka mau keiki e aʻo i ka ʻimi kū kaʻawale. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole komo nā ʻalopeke i ke ʻano makua ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hoʻomaka kekahi mau wahine ʻōpio e hānau hou a hiki i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, akā i ka hapanui o nā hihia ua oʻo piha lākou i ka makahiki hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua i ʻelua mau makahiki. Ua makua kāne nā kāne ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻelua paha ma hope.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ke kū ʻana a me ke ʻano o nā ʻenemi fox pili pono i ka nohona... ʻO nā ʻenemi kūpale e alualu pololei i ka ʻalopeke me nā mea wili i ʻoi aku i ka nui a me ka ikaika. Hōʻike ʻia nā holoholona predatory e nā ʻīlio hae, nā bea, ka lynx a me nā ʻīlio hae, a me nā manu manu lele, e laʻa me ka ʻaeto, aeto gula, ka hawk a me ka falcon. Hiki i nā ferpe steppe, nā badger a me nā ermines ke hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻalopeke.
Lopaka kahu holoholona
Ua mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻalopeke maʻamau a mālama pinepine ʻia i ka lawe pio ʻana ma ke ʻano he holoholona maoli a pilikino ʻole hoʻi. I loko nō o ke ʻano o nā canine, ʻo ke ʻano o nā ʻalopeke home he nui nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole me nā pōpoki. ʻO kahi laʻana, pāʻani nui nā ʻalopeke, a aʻo maʻalahi hoʻi lākou e hoʻomāmā iā lākou iho i kahi pahu ʻōpala kūikawā.
He penchant maikaʻi ka ʻalopeke no ke aʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke kēlā pēpē i ka hele wāwae ʻana ma ka leash a i ʻole i ka pale kaua. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka papaʻai maʻamau o ka fox home e komo pū me nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i manaʻo ʻia no nā ʻīlio kūloko. Akā pono e hoʻopili ʻia kēlā papaʻai me nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu a me nā hua.
Mea nui! I nā kūlana o ka home o ka ʻalopeke maʻamau, pono e nānā pono i ka mālama pono ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua pale a me ke aupuni vaccination.
ʻO ka waiwai o ka fox fur
Hoʻomaka ka molt o ka holoholona ma kahi o Pepeluali a Malaki paha, a kokoke kokoke i ka waena o ke kauwela kau.... Ma hope koke o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hoʻomaka ka ulu o ka huluhulu hoʻoilo e ulu ikaika i ka fox maʻamau, i hana piha ʻia e Nowemapa a Dekemaba paha. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka hulu kauwela e kahi hoʻonohonoho liʻiliʻi o nā lauoho pōkole, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka hulu hoʻoilo a ʻoi aku ka momona. Wahi a ke ʻano o ka hulu kala, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano aʻe:
- ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula maʻamau;
- ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula;
- kea fox maʻamau;
- ʻalopeke ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele maʻamau.
ʻO ka hulu o kēia holoholona hānai hānai kahi mea nui i mahalo ʻia e nā mea lawe pilikino, a me nā ʻelele o nā kūkālā huluhulu nui a me nā ʻoihana. Loaʻa ka nui o ka hulu i nā wahi hema, a ʻo nā ʻili mai nā ʻāpana ʻākau he ʻuʻuku loa, akā ʻo lākou nā mea i helu ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe loa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua luku ʻia nā ʻalopeke e ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona i nā nui he nui, i lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻano pale i ke kū ʻana o ka foci kūlohelohe o nā ʻalopeke fox ākea. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻopau loa ka lāʻau lapaʻau waha i ka pono no ia mau ʻano kolohe e like me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana, ka pana nui ʻana o ka ʻalopeke.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka helu o ka ʻalopeke maʻamau i nā fluctuations nui, a ʻoiai ʻo ka optimum o ka mahele hāʻawi, i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻāpana steppe a me nā steppe, ua paʻa ʻole ka heluna o kēia ʻano. I kēia lā, ua lawa ka helu o nā ʻalopeke, no laila ʻaʻole pili ke kūlana o kēia mammal predatory i ka mahele o ka mālama kūlohelohe a i ʻole nā ʻano i komo i loko o ka Red Book.
