Ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana pehea e hiamoe ai ka manō, pono ʻoe e ʻike inā, i ke ʻano nui, ua kamaʻāina kēia mau moʻo kai (i pani ʻia e nā ʻano 450) me kahi manaʻo e like me ka hiamoe.
Ke hiamoe nei ka manō ʻaʻole paha?
ʻAʻole maʻamau ka hiamoe maikaʻi (e like me ke kanaka) no ka manō. Manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia e kekahi manō ma mua o 60 mau minuke o ke koena, ke ʻole ia e hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka hanu.... Ke lana, holo a puni ka wai iā ia a holoi i ke kani, kākoʻo i ka hanu ʻana.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka hiamoe ʻana me ka wikiwiki loa e hoʻopiha ʻia me ka hoʻomaha ʻana o ka hanu ʻana a i ʻole ke hāʻule ʻana i lalo, a ukali ʻia e ka make: ma kahi hohonu loa, e hoʻopili ʻia kahi iʻa hiamoe e kaomi.
ʻO ka hiamoe o kēia mau iʻa cartilaginous kahiko (e noho ana ma ka Honua no ʻoi aku ma mua o 450 miliona mau makahiki) hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻomaha a me ka pōkole o ka physiological, e hoʻomanaʻo hou ana i kahi hiamoe nui.
ʻAʻau e hanu
Ua hoʻonele ka kūlohelohe i nā manō o kā lākou ʻauʻau ʻauʻau (i loaʻa i nā iʻa iwi a pau), e uku ana i kā lākou buoyancy maikaʻi ʻole me kahi iwi iwi nui, nā ake nui a me nā ʻami. ʻAʻole kū ka hapanui o nā manō i ka neʻe ʻana, no ka mea ke kū nei ke alakaʻi i kahi luʻu koke.
Ma kahi kūlana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe he manō one, i aʻo e ale i ka ea a mālama iā ia i loko o kahi ʻeke ʻōpū kūikawā. ʻO ke koʻokoʻo hydrostatic i haku ʻia (ʻauʻau au i ka wai ʻauʻau ʻaʻole kuleana wale no ka buoyancy o ka manō one, akā kōkua pū kekahi i kona ola, me nā wahi pōkole no ka hoʻomaha.
Hanu e ola
ʻO ka manō, e like me nā iʻa a pau, pono ka oxygen, i loaʻa iā lākou mai ka wai i hele i loko o kā lākou kāhili.
ʻO nā ʻōnaehana hanu o ka manō he ʻeke ʻūlū e puka i waho i nā puka o loko i ka pharynx, a ʻo nā mea kūwaho i ka ʻili o ke kino (ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo). Helu ʻia nā meaolaola mai ka 5 a i ka 7 mau pai o nā kaha gill i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa, aia ma ke alo o nā pectoral fins. Ke hanu, neʻe ke koko a me ka wai i ka countercurrently.
Hoihoi ia! I loko o ka iʻa iʻa, holoi ka wai i nā gills ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o nā uhi kaʻe, kahi e hele ʻole ai i ka manō. No laila, kalaiwa nā iʻa cartilaginous i ka wai ma kahi o nā ʻaoʻao pili: komo ia i ka waha a kahe i waho o nā pali.
E neʻe mau ka manō me ka hāmama o ka waha i ʻole e kū ka hanu. I kēia manawa ua maopopo ke kumu o ka manō, waiho ʻia i loko o kahi wai ʻauʻau, paʻipaʻi i ko lākou waha ʻoki: nele lākou i ka neʻe, a no laila oxygen.
Pehea ka hiamoe hiamoe a hoʻomaha
Kūpono kekahi mau ichthyologists hiki i kekahi ʻano manō o ka manō ke hiamoe a hoʻomaha paha, e hoʻōki ana i kā lākou hana locomotor mau.
ʻIke ʻia hiki iā lākou ke moe i ka neʻe ʻole ma lalo.
- keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo;
- manō leopadi;
- wobbegongs;
- ʻānela kai;
- manō kahu mākeke.
Ua aʻo kēia mau ʻano benthic i ka pauma wai ma o nā gills me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wehe / pani ʻana o ka waha a me ka hana i hoʻopili ʻia o nā mākala a me ka pharynx. ʻO nā lua ma hope o nā maka (squirt) kōkua pū kekahi i ka holo maikaʻi o ka wai.
Hōʻike nā meaolaola koi ʻia nā manō pelagic (e noho ana ma kahi hohonu) e neʻe mau ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o nā mākala kino, ʻaʻole hiki ke kū i ka pauma wai i nā kaila.
Hoihoi ia! Ua kuhi ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka hiamoe ʻana o nā manō pelagic (e like me nā dolphins), huli i ka hemispheres hema a ʻākau hoʻi o ka lolo.
Aia kekahi mana ʻē aʻe e wehewehe ana i ke ʻano o ka hiamoe manō. Manaʻo ʻia e ʻauʻau kekahi ʻano kokoke i ke kapakai ponoʻī, hoʻopaʻa i ke kino ma waena o nā pōhaku: ʻoiai ke kahe o ka wai e pono ai no ka hanu ʻana e ka heʻenalu kai.
Wahi a nā ichthyologists, hiki i nā manō ke hiamoe i lalo inā loaʻa kahi wahi hūnā me nā loli i hiki ke ʻike ʻia i loko o ka wai. Me ia hibernation, hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻai oxygen ma aneane ʻole.
ʻO nā mea ʻano hiamoe o ka hiamoe ʻana i loaʻa i loko o ka manō ʻīlio mustachioed, a lilo ia i mea noiʻi na neurophysiologists. Ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka hiki i kā lākou mau mea hoʻokolohua ke hiamoe ... i ka neʻe ʻana, ʻoiai ke kikowaena nerve e hoʻonohonoho ana i ke kino i ka neʻe ʻana aia i ka iwi kuamoo. ʻO kēia ka hiki i ka manō ke ʻauʻau i ka moeʻuhane, ua hoʻokaʻawale mua i ka lolo.
Nā lā nui ma ka Caribbean
Ua mālama ʻia kahi moʻo manō kokoke i ka Yucatan Peninsula, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ke kai kūʻono o Mexico a me ka Caribbean. Ma kahi kokoke i ka peninsula, aia kahi ana ma lalo o ka wai, kahi i loaʻa ai i ka poʻe noiʻi kahi manō o ke ākea e hiamoe maikaʻi ana (i ka nānā mua ʻana). ʻAʻole like lākou me nā manō keʻokeʻo, he ʻauʻau ʻauʻau, e holoholo ʻole nei i ke kolamu wai.
Ma ka nānā pono ʻana, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka iʻa i 20 mau hanu i kēlā me kēia minuke, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mākala a me ka waha o ka iʻa. Kāhea nā ʻepekema i kēia ʻano kahe e kahe a i ʻole ka ea lele: holoi ʻia nā gills me ka wai mai nā punawai hou e kahe ana mai lalo.
ʻIke ʻo ʻIchthyologists e hoʻolilo ka manō i mau lā i loko o nā ana me kahi au nāwaliwali, e waiho ana i lalo a hāʻule i kahi ʻano torpor, kahi e lohi loa ai nā hana physiological āpau.
Hoihoi ia! Ua ʻike pū lākou i loko o ke ana o ka wai (mahalo i nā wai puna hou) ʻoi aku ka nui o ka oxygen a me ka paʻakai liʻiliʻi. ʻ suggestedlelo nā kānaka biologists ua hana ka wai i hoʻololi ʻia e like me ka lāʻau hoʻohiehie ma nā manō.
Mai ka manaʻo o ka poʻe ʻepekema, ʻaʻole like ke koena o ke ana me ka moeʻuhane: ua ukali nā maka o ka manō i ka neʻe ʻana o ka poʻe scuba.... Ma hope iki aku, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia nō ia, ma ka hoʻohui o nā manō pali, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaha i nā grottoes, e like me ka manō kahu hānai, manō one, Caribbean, polū a me ka manō pipi.
