ʻO Puffin (Parus montanus) a i ʻole tit-brown brown no Passeriformes order. Ua loaʻa ka inoa o ka manu no ke ʻano o ke kinipōpō hulu, e like me ke ʻano o ka hulu hulu.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o ka pauka
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka tit-brown-tit ma mua o kahi manu liʻiliʻi 11-12 cm a ʻike ʻia e kahi pāpale ʻeleʻele ʻokoʻa me kahi aniani ʻeleʻele a me nā papalina keʻokeʻo nui. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino he 10-12 gram. ʻO ka ʻēheu mai 16.5 cm a 22 cm. Pōkole nā ʻeheu, 6.0 - 6.5 cm, he 6 cm ka huelo. Pōkole ka pūlima, 1 knm.
Loaʻa i ka wahine a me nā kāne ke kala plumage like. He hina ʻeleʻele i ke kua, māmā ka ʻōpū, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo me kahi aniani momona. ʻOi aku ka pouli o ka huelo a me nā ʻeheu ma mua o ke kino o luna. ʻO nā pūnaewele waho o nā hulu lele e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā kihi keʻokeʻo. ʻO kēia mau laina ma ka ʻēheu i hoʻopili ʻia e like me kahi ʻāpana kūiki lōʻihi. ʻO ke kumu ʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo e hele mālie i ka hope i ke kua, no laila ke nānā nui ʻole ke poʻo. Ma lalo o ke poʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻālohilohi loa ka waihoʻoluʻu māmā i ka pāpale pouli. ʻO kahi kiko ʻeleʻele nui me ka palena blurred ma ka lihi o lalo ma lalo o ka nuku. ʻEleʻele ka nuku, me nā kihi hina o ka nuku. Aia kahi kiko ʻeleʻele me ka palena fuzzy o lalo ma lalo o ka nuku. ʻEleʻele ka iris o ka maka. Hina hina nā wāwae. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā manu ʻōpio e ke kala hina o ka plumage, ʻeleʻele ka pāpale - ʻeleʻele, ua kīkē ʻia ka ʻōmaka ma nā papalina. ʻOi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka nuku, brownish. Keʻokeʻo nā ʻaoʻao lalo, buffy ma nā ʻaoʻao. Aia ka hue ocher like ma ka undertail. ʻEleʻele ka nuku, ʻo ka nuku o luna a me lalo me nā lihi melemele.
ʻOkoʻa ka puffer mai nā ʻano hana o ka gaits i loko o kona poʻo nui a me ka huelo pokole, uhi hulu ma ka pāpale, ʻaʻohe ona ʻālohilohi. ʻIke ʻia nā pāpālina keʻokeʻo me ka ʻaʻohe ocher tinge. ʻO ke kahua keʻokeʻo ʻokoʻa ma nā kaʻe o ka hulu e kōkua e ʻike maʻalahi i ka paukū mai nā ʻano manu e pili ana.
Hoʻolahalaha ka pauka
Hoʻolālā ʻia ka pauka ma ka ʻāina Palaearctic mai ʻEulopa Hema, ʻEulopa o Rūsia a Kamchatka a me Sakhalin. Noho ma Europa Lūkia. I ʻEulopa, hana ia ma mua o nā ʻelima mau lālā. Ua kaupalena ʻia ka pae ma ʻEulopa i ka latitu ʻākau 45 °. Loaʻa nā heluna Powder ma ʻItalia ma nā kuahiwi ma kahi kiʻekiʻe mai hoʻokahi tausani mika ma luna o ke kai a ʻelua tausani.
Wahi noho lepo
Noho ʻo Pukhlyak i nā ululāʻau coniferous-deciduous a me coniferous i hana i ka taiga. Kū ʻia ia i loko o nā ululāʻau paina, spruce, nā ululāʻau huikau, nā ululāʻau paina i hui pū ʻia me nā kumulāʻau deciduous kahiko, i loaʻa ma kahi o nā sphagnum bogs, ma nā wahi ulu wai. ʻAi ʻo ia ma nā lihi a i ka hohonu o ka ululāʻau. I kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia ia i loko o nā anthropogenic landscapes, nā pūnana i nā lua o nā birch kahiko, aspens me ka lāʻau popopo. Ma ke ʻano he hapa o nā hānai manu o nā manu, nānā ʻo ia i nā pāka, nā māla, a me nā pā hale.
ʻO Pukhlyak kahi ʻano sedentary, hana i nā neʻe liʻiliʻi ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO nā manu mai nā ʻĀkau ʻākau e neʻe pinepine aku ma mua o nā heluna hema. ʻO kahi lawa pono o ka hānai e ʻae iā ʻoe e ola i nā hoʻoilo paʻakikī, me ka holo pono ʻole o nā hua coniferous, neʻe ka lepo i nā wahi me ka nui o ka hānai. Hele lākou i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi; i waena o nā manu, hana ʻia nā pilina paʻakikī ma waena o nā kānaka o nā makahiki like ʻole, nā kāne a me nā wahine.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o ka pauka
Hana nā puff i mau paʻa paʻa. ʻAi lākou i kahi o 4.5 - 11 tausani m². ʻO ka wā pūnana mai ʻApelila a Iulai. Kuhi kekahi mau manu a huki paha i kahi hollow i nā ʻōpala popopo, nā kumu popopo maloʻo, i kekahi manawa loaʻa ka pūnana o ka ululāʻau i haʻalele ʻia, nā squirrels. Aia ka hale o ka pūnana ma mua o 10 mau mika mai ka ʻili o ka honua.
No ka pale ʻana, hoʻohana ka wahine o ka pauka i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili, mauʻu maloʻo, mea kanu mea kanu, hulu, lauoho, ʻalalā.
I kekahi manawa aia wale ka lepo o ka wahie i ka pūnana, kahi e kau ai nā hua. Loaʻa ke anawaena o ka pā i 5 knm. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua keʻokeʻo he 5-10 me kahi iwi ʻōlinolino i uhi ʻia me nā kiko ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha.
ʻO nā hua liʻiliʻi, 14-17 x 11-13 mm ka nui, kaupaona 1.2 - 1.3 g. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i ʻelua mau pule, lawe mai ke kāne i meaʻai nāna i kēia wā. Ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai o nā moa, hānai nā manu makua ʻelua i nā keiki. Ma hope o 18 mau lā, haʻalele ka keiki i ka pūnana. Hoʻomau ka makua i ka hānai ʻana i nā moa no 7-11 mau lā hou, a laila ʻai lākou iā lākou iho. Ua haʻalele i ka pūnana, mālama pū nā ʻōpio i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, a laila lele i nā wahi hou a ma ka waena o ka hoʻoilo e hoʻololi i kahi nohona noho.
Mea ʻai pauka
ʻAi ʻo Puffs i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi. ʻAi lākou i ka nananana, nā mollusks liʻiliʻi, nā ilo, nā lihi. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻanoʻano o ka paina, spruce, juniper, alder, lehu mauna, blueberry, birch. I ka pūnāwai, hānai nā keiki moa ʻeleʻele i ka pollen, nā ʻōpuʻu a me ka nectar.
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, hana ʻia nā waihona, kīloi ʻia nā ʻanoʻano i nā māwae o ka ʻili, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, nā lichen. Hoʻonohonoho kēlā me kēia kanaka i kāna pantry liʻiliʻi a nānā pinepine i nā lako, i kekahi manawa e hūnā iā lākou i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻAi ʻia nā hua i mālama ʻia e nā manu i ka hoʻoilo ke lawa ʻole ka meaʻai.
Kūlana mālama mālama pauka
Pale aku ka pauka e ka Berne Convention (Manaʻo II). Hōʻike ka Convention i nā ana no ka pale a me ka pale o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona, a me ko lākou wahi maoli. Pili kēia pilikia no nā ʻano mea e noho ana i ka panalāʻau o kekahi mau mokuʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa. I ka hihia o ka pauka, pili nā hana pale i nā wahi o ka hānau a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā manu. ʻO ka pīpī poʻo poʻo, ʻoiai ka nui a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā mea ola, hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka nāhelehele nui a me nā loli.
ʻIke nui kēia ʻano i ka hoʻomehana honua ma ʻEulopa, nā hoʻoilo pulu me nā thaws e hoʻopili i ka emi ʻana o nā helu manu. No laila, lilo ka mea ola o nā laha maʻamau i paʻakikī me ka loli koke o ka mahana. Eia kekahi, hōʻike pinepine nā pīpī i ka pūnana parasitism - hoʻolei lākou i kā lākou mau hua i nā pūnana o nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻoweliweli kēia ʻano a hōʻike i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻia o nā laha i kona wahi noho.
