ʻO Pelopey maʻamau (Sceliphron destillatorium) no ka ʻohana o nā nalo hāpau, ke kauoha Hymenoptera.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o kahi Pelopeus maʻamau
ʻO Pelopeus kahi ʻōpala nui, hoʻopīpī. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 0.15 a 2.9 cm. ʻEleʻele ke kino o ke kino, ʻeleʻele nā ʻāpana mua ma nā antennae, peduncle ʻōpū a me nā ʻāpana o ka peʻa melemele. ʻO ka postcutellum kekahi manawa o ka malu like. Uhi ʻia ka papa o ka umauma a me ke poʻo me nā huluhulu ʻeleʻele manoanoa. Lahilahi ka ʻōpū, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia.
Hoʻolaha o ka Pelopean maʻamau
ʻO Pelopeus kahi ʻano maʻamau o nā pepelu Hymenoptera. Aia ma kahi o Central Asia, Mongolia a me nā panalāʻau e pili ana. Noho ma Caucasus, ʻApelika ʻĀkau, ʻEulopa waena a me ʻEulopa Hema. I Lūkia, hoʻolaha ka Pelopean maʻamau i ka hema o Siberia, noho i ka hema a koho i ke kikowaena o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa, komo i ka ʻākau a hiki i Kazan. ʻO ka palena ʻākau o ka pae e hele ma waena o ka ʻāina ʻo Nizhny Novgorod, kahi i loaʻa ai kēia ʻano ma kahi kokoke o ke kauhale o Staraya Pustyn ', ka ʻāina ʻo Arzamas.
Nā nohona o pelopea maʻamau
Noho ʻo Pelopeus maʻamau i ka wahi mehana, loaʻa wale i nā wahi kaiāulu. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi ākea e pili ana i nā puddles pulu me ka lepo pālolo, liʻiliʻi pinepine ʻia ma nā pua. No nā pūnana koho ʻo ia i nā keʻena wela wela o nā hale brick. Makemake i nā keʻena komo me nā kaupaku hao, kahi e ʻā maikaʻi.
ʻAʻole ia e noho i nā hale wela ʻole (ka hale, nā hale ukana). I ke kūlohelohe, pūnana wale ia ma nā panalāʻau hema. ʻAʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia ʻano i nā kaona.
Hana hou i kahi pelopea maʻamau
ʻO Pelopeus kahi ʻano thermophilic maʻamau. Kūkulu ʻo ia i nā pūnana ma nā wahi i manaʻo nui ʻole ʻia, inā mehana a maloʻo wale nō. No ka pūnana ʻana, koho ʻo ia i nā kihi o nā greenhouse, nā kaola o kahi leki wela, nā kaupaku lumi kuke, nā lumi moe o kahi hale kauhale. I ka manawa i loaʻa kahi pūnana Pelopean i loko o ka lumi kahi e hana ai ka paila mahu o ka mīkini wili kilika, a ʻo ke ana wela i loko o ka lumi i hiki aku i ke kanahākūmāiwa degere a hāʻule iki i ka pō. Ua loaʻa nā pūnana Pelopean ma ka puʻu pepa i waiho ʻia ma ka papa, ma nā pale o ka puka aniani. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā papa lepo o nā kolo i nā paio kahiko ma waena o nā ahu pōhaku liʻiliʻi, i nā ʻōpala hana, ma lalo o nā pā i kaomi liʻiliʻi ʻia i ka honua.
Loaʻa nā pūnana Pelopean i nā lumi me ka umu ākea, aia lākou ma ka waha o ka umu, ma ka paepae a i ʻole nā paia ʻaoʻao. ʻOiai ka nui o ka uahi a me ka soot, ulu ka larvae ma ia mau wahi. ʻO ka mea kūkulu hale nui ka pālolo, ka mea a nā Pelopean i unuhi mai ai mai nā puddles hoʻomaloʻo ʻole a me nā kapa kai pulu. ʻO ka pūnana kahi ʻōnaehana nunui i ke ʻano o ka palolo ʻano ʻole. No ka hānai ʻana i nā larvae, hoʻonoho ʻia nā spider i kēlā me kēia cell, ʻo ka nui o ia mau mea e kūlike i ka nui o nā hunaola. Lele lākou a lawe ʻia i ka pūnana. ʻO ka nui o nā nananana i hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o kahi keena mai ka 3 a 15 mau kānaka. Hoʻonoho ʻia ka hua manu ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka nananawelewele mua (lalo), a laila uhi ʻia ka lua me ka pālolo. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana, uhi ʻia ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa o ka hanana me kahi pā o ka pālolo. ʻAi mua ka larva i ka punawelewele o lalo a ma mua o ka pupation ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi hoʻokahi pepelu i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka hānai ʻana e waiho ana i loko o ke keʻena. Hiki i nā Pelopeans ke hana i nā paʻa lima i ka makahiki. I ke kauwela, holo mau ka hoʻomohala 25-40 mau lā. Hana ka hoʻoilo i ke kahua o ka larva i hūnā ʻia i ka cocoon. Kū ka puka o nā mākua i ka hopena o Iune.
ʻO ka pūnana pelopeus
ʻO ke kumu o ka pūnana o ka Pelopean ka pālolo i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā wahi ʻūlū ma nā pali ma nā kahawai a me nā kahawai. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mea kolo kokoke i nā lua hoʻoinu holoholona, kahi i ka wā wela loa e pulu ka palolo mai ka wai i ninini ʻia. Hōʻiliʻili nā Pelopean i nā puʻu o ka lepo i ka lewa, ke kīkaha ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻeheu a hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ko lākou ʻōpū i luna i nā wāwae lahilahi. Lawe ʻia kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka pī i ka iwi ā lawe ʻia i ka pūnana. Kahi i nā pālolo i ke kolamu a lele no kahi ʻāpana hou, kūkulu i nā papa hou. Palupalu nā pūnana Pelopean mai ka wai, luku ʻia e ka ua. No laila, hoʻonohonoho nā mea hoʻowaiwi i kahi hale pālolo ma lalo o ka kaupaku o nā hale kanaka, kahi e ʻole ai ka wai.
He waihona meli ko ka pūnana a he mau ʻea lepo e hana ana i hoʻokahi lālani, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lālani. ʻO nā hale nui loa he ʻumikūmālima a ʻumikūmālua mau huna, akā maʻa mau aia ʻekolu a ʻehā a i kekahi manawa hoʻokahi pūnaewele i ka pūnana. Loaʻa i ka pūnaewele mua kahi paʻa piha o nā hua Pelopean, a noho hakahaka nā hale hope loa. Kūkulu ka pepelu like i mau pūnana i nā hale like ʻole. Nā pālolo pālolo o kahi kinikini, tapered i ka luna ma mua o ka puka. ʻEkolu kenimika ka lōʻihi o ke keʻena, 0.1 - 0.15 cm ka laulā. Ua papa ʻia ka ʻili o ka lepo, akā aia nō nā kuhi mai ka noi ʻana o ka papa aʻe - nā scars, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke helu ehia mau manawa i lele ai ka Pelopeus i ka waihona wai no nā mea. ʻO ka maʻa mau he ʻumikūmālima a iwakālua scars i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili, no laila he nui nā huakaʻi i hana ʻia e ka ʻenekini e hoʻomoe i hoʻokahi keena.
Hoʻopiliʻia nā pāpale lepo i kekahi ma hope o kekahi a hoʻopihaʻia i nā nananana.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, ua pani ʻia ka lua me ka pālolo. A uhi hou ʻia ka hale holoʻokoʻa i kahi papa lepo no ka ikaika. Pūlehu ka puʻupuʻu o ka lepo a uhi ʻia ka pūnana me kahi pā palaoa, lepo. ʻO nā pelopean i kahakaha pono ʻia e nā Pelopean, akā ʻo ke ʻano o ke kūkulu hope loa e like me ka puʻu o ka lepo i kāpili ʻia i ka paia.
Nā kumu o ka emi ʻana o ka helu o Pelopea maʻamau
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o Pelopea maʻamau ka hau ʻana o ka larvae i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻokumu nā makahiki anuanu ua i nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole no ka hoʻoulu ʻana a ʻaʻole kūpono loa no ka hoʻoulu. ʻO ke kū ʻana o nā parasite kahi mea nui palena. I kekahi mau keena me nā nananana lolo, ʻaʻohe nā larvae o nā Pelopean, luku ʻia lākou e nā parasites.
ʻO ka hopu ʻana i nā mea kolo, hōʻino nā pūnana i ka nalowale o nā Pelopean i ka hapa nui o ka laulā. Haahaa loa ka nui ma nā wahi āpau a hoʻomau i ka emi ʻana. Heʻuʻuku loa nā kahua hānau no ka lawe ʻana i nā nūnū i koe i ka wahi noho.
