ʻO ka salamander marble (Ambystoma opacum), i ʻike ʻia ʻo ambistoma marble, no ka papa amphibian.
ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka salamander marble.
Loaʻa ka salamander marble kokoke i ka hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Massachusetts, waenakonu o Ilinoi, hikina hikina o Missouri, a me Oklahoma, a me ka hikina o Texas, e piʻi aku ana i ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Mekiko a me ke kapakai hikina ma ka hema. Hele ʻo ia mai ka Peninsula o Florida. ʻIke ʻia nā heluna lehulehu ma ka hikina hikina, ma waena o ʻIlino, ʻAikika, komohana komohana a me ka ʻākau hikina o Indiana, a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka loko ʻo ʻInikona a me ka loko ʻo Erie.
ʻO ka wahi noho o ka salamander kinikini.
Noho nā salamanders marble makua i nā ululāʻau pulu, kokoke kokoke i nā wai o ka wai a i ʻole nā kahawai. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau salamanders ma nā pali maloʻo i kekahi manawa, akā ʻaʻole mamao aku ia mai nā wahi waiū. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano pilina ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hānau nā salamanders marble i ka wai. ʻIke lākou i nā loko i hoʻomaloʻo, i nā loko iʻa, i nā nāhelehele a me nā ʻauwai, a e hoʻomoe ana nā wahine i kā lākou mau hua ma lalo o nā lau. Hoʻomohala nā hua manu ke hoʻopiha hou ʻia nā loko iʻa a me nā ʻauwai i ka wai ma hope o ka ua nui. Uhi liʻiliʻi ʻia ka masonry me kahi papa o ka lepo, lau, silt. I nā wahi maloʻo, hiki ke loaʻa nā salamanders marble ma nā pali pōhaku a me nā pali lāʻau a me nā puʻu one. Hūnā nā amphibians makua ma ka ʻāina ma lalo o nā mea like ʻole a i ʻole ka honua.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o kahi salamander marble.
ʻO ka salamander marble kekahi o nā lā liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻohana Ambystomatidae. ʻO nā amphibians mākua he 9-10.7 cm ka lōʻihi. Kāhea ʻia kēia ʻano i nā manawa he bandander salamander, ma muli o ke kū ʻana o nā kiko keʻokeʻo a hina hina nui ma ke poʻo, hoʻi a me ka huelo. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine a nui nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. I ka wā hānau, keʻokeʻo loa nā kiko a māhuahua nā ʻōpala a puni ka cloaca kāne.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o ka salamander kinikini.
He wā maʻamau kā ka salamander kinikini. Ma kahi o ka waiho ʻana i nā hua i loko o nā loko iʻa a i ʻole nā kino kūmau o ka wai i nā mahina puna, hoʻonohonoho ka maramara salamander i kahi paʻa ma ka honua. Ma hope o ka hui ʻana o ke kāne me ka wahine, neʻe pinepine ʻo ia i ka pōʻai me ia. A laila kūlou ke kāne i kāna huelo i nā nalu a hāpai i kona kino. Ma hope o kēia, waiho i waho ka spermatophore ma ka honua, a lawe ka wahine iā ia me kahi cloaca.
Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hele ka wahine i ka waihona wai a koho i kahi kaumaha liʻiliʻi i ka lepo.
Aia kahi o ka waiho ʻana ma ke kapa o ka loko iʻa a i ʻole ke kahawai maloʻo o kahi ʻauwaha, i kekahi mau manawa hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka pūnana ma kahi waihona waʻa. I loko o kahi paʻa o kanalima a i hoʻokahi haneli hua, ua kokoke ka wahine i ka hua manu a e hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau lākou. Ke hoʻomaka ka ua kau, hoʻoulu nā hua, inā ʻaʻole hāʻule ka ua, noho mau ka hua i ka wā hoʻoilo, a inā ʻaʻole e emi haʻahaʻa ka mahana, a laila a hiki i ka puna aʻe.
Puka mai ka ʻiʻo hina 1 cm lōʻihi mai nā hua, ulu koke lākou, hānai iā zooplankton. ʻAi pū ka larvae ulu i nā larvae o nā amphibians a me nā hua. Aia ka manawa i ka manawa e ʻike ʻia ai ka metamorphosis ma muli o ka helu wahi. ʻO nā lūlū i ʻikea ma ka hema e hana i ka metamorphosis i loko o ʻelua mau mahina wale nō, ʻo nā mea e hoʻomohala ma ka ʻākau kūkulu i kahi loli lōʻihi mai ʻewalu a ʻeiwa mau mahina. ʻO nā salamanders ʻōpio ʻōpio e like me 5 cm ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka moekolohe ma kahi o 15 mau makahiki o ko lākou makahiki.
Ka hana a ka salamander kinikini.
ʻO nā salamanders marble kahi amphibians mehameha. ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, peʻe lākou ma lalo o nā lau i hina a i lalo o ka honua i ka hohonu o hoʻokahi mika. I kekahi manawa, hūnā nā salamanders makua mai nā mea ʻino ma ka lua like. Eia nō naʻe, ikaika lākou i kekahi i kekahi ke loaʻa ka ʻai. ʻO ka mea nui, hoʻopili aku nā wahine a me nā kāne i ka wā hānau. ʻIke pinepine nā kāne ma nā wahi hānau, ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule ma mua o ka wahine.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka palaoa marble.
ʻO nā salamanders marble, ʻoiai ka nui o ko lākou kino nui, he predator voracious e hoʻopau i ka nui o nā meaʻai. ʻO ka papaʻai nā ʻenemi liʻiliʻi, nā pepelu, nā slug, nā nīnū.
Huli wale nā salamanders marble no ka neʻe ʻana i ka mea pio, ua ʻume ʻia lākou e ka pilau o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, ʻaʻole lākou e hānai i ka make.
ʻO nā larvae o nā salamanders marble kekahi i hana i nā mea ʻaihue: noho aliʻi lākou i nā kino wai kūlohelohe. ʻAi lākou i nā zooplankton (ka nui o nā copepods a me nā cladocerans) ke kū lākou mai kā lākou mau hua. I ko lākou ulu ʻana, hoʻololi lākou i ka hānai ʻana i nā crustacea nui (isopods, shrimps liʻiliʻi), nā ʻelala, nā kuhukukū, nā ilo ilo I loko o nā waihona ulu nahele, ʻai nā lūlū ulu o ke salamander kinikini i nā ʻenuhe i hāʻule i ka wai. ʻO nā mea ʻai nahele ʻokoʻa (nāhesa, nā lūlū, nā pueo, nā wea, nā ʻāpana, a me nā ʻūlū) e ʻimi i nā salamanders marble. Hāʻawi nā gonaonaona i ka huelo i ka pale mai ka hoʻouka ʻana.
ʻO ke kūlana mālama o ka salamander kinikini.
Hoʻoweliweli nui ʻia ka salamander kinikini e ka ʻOihana ʻOihana Kumuwaiwai ʻo Michigan. Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, hopohopo iki kēia ʻano amphibian a he amphibian maʻamau paha. ʻAʻohe o ke kūlana mālama i ka IUCN Red List.
ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka helu o nā salamanders marble ma nā loko nui e pili pū paha me ka emi ʻana o nā wahi noho, akā ʻo kahi mea nui i ka emi ʻana o nā helu nā hopena o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka mahana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka pae kūloko me ke kālai lāʻau nui ʻana, ka mea e luku ʻole ai i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe wale nō, akā ʻo ka underbrush hoʻi, ka papahele ulu ʻole a me nā kumu lāʻau i hāʻule i nā wahi e pili kokoke ana i nā pūnaewele hoʻonohonoho. Kūpono ka Habitat i ka luku a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ma o ke kahe o nā wahi noho pulu, ʻike ʻia nā heluna kanaka kaʻawale o ka marble salamander, a hiki i ka hopena ke hopena i kahi pae hōʻeha o ka pili pili like ʻana a me ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka hana hou a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā laha.
ʻO nā salamanders marble, e like me nā ʻano holoholona ʻē aʻe, e nalowale paha i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ma ke ʻano he ʻano o ka papa amphibian, no ka nalo ʻana o ka wahi noho. Aia kēia ʻano i ke kālepa kūwaho i nā holoholona, a ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ke kaʻina kūʻai aku e ke kānāwai. ʻO nā hana palekana e pono ai i nā wahi o nā salamand marble me ka pale o nā kino wai a me nā ululāʻau e pili ana i loko o 200-250 mau mika mai ka wai, a eia hou, pono e hōʻoki i ka māhele o ka nahele.
