Hoʻopiʻi ʻo Geophaguses i nā ipo cichlid he nui. He ʻokoʻa loa lākou i ka nui, ke kala, ka lawena a me ka huahua ʻana. I ke kūlohelohe, noho nā geophagus i nā ʻano wai like ʻole ma ʻAmelika Hema, noho lāua ʻelua i nā kahawai me nā kahawai ikaika a i loko o ka wai kūpaʻa, i ka wai aniani a ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele hoʻi, i nā wai anuanu a mehana. I kekahi o lākou e hāʻule ka mahana i 10 ° C i ka pō!
Hāʻawi ʻia i kēlā ʻano ʻokoʻa i ke kaiapuni, kokoke i kēlā me kēia ʻano i kāna mau ʻano ponoʻī e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā moʻokena ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka maʻamau, he iʻa nui ka geophagus, 30 cm ka nui o ka nui, akā ʻokoʻa ka awelika ma waena o 10 a me 12 cm. I ka wā ma mua, ua komo pū kekahi me ka genus Retroculus.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka huaʻōlelo Geophagus i ke aʻa Helene Geo honua a me phagus, i hiki ke unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea ʻai honua.
Hoʻohālikelike kēia huaʻōlelo i ka iʻa, ke ʻohi lākou i ka lepo i loko o kā lākou waha, a laila hoʻokuʻu iā ia ma o nā gills, a laila koho i nā mea āpau e ʻai.
Ka mālama ʻana i loko o ka aquarium
ʻO ka mea nui i ka mālama ʻana i nā geophagus ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai a me ke koho pololei o ka lepo. Pono nā loli wai maʻamau a me kahi kānana ikaika e mālama i ka aquarium maʻemaʻe a me ke one i hiki i ka geophagus ke hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou ʻano.
Ke manaʻo nei lākou e ʻeli luhi ʻole i kēia lepo, ʻaʻole ia he hana maʻalahi e hōʻoia i ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai, a he kānana kūwaho e pono ai.
Eia nō naʻe, pono ʻoe e nānā i nā ʻano kikoʻī e noho ana i loko o kāu aquarium, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makemake nā poʻe āpau i kahi au ikaika.
ʻO kahi laʻana, noho ka geophagus Biotodoma a me Satanoperca i nā kino wai mālie a makemake i kahi au nāwaliwali, ʻoiai ʻo Guianacara, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i nā kahawai a me nā kahawai me kahi kahe ikaika.
Makemake lākou i ka nui o ka wai mehana (koe wale no Gymnogeophagus), no laila pono pū kekahi me heater.
Hiki ke koho ʻia i nā kukui ma muli o nā mea kanu, akā ma ke ʻano he nui ka geophagus makemake i ka malu. ʻOi aku lākou ke nānā aku i nā aquarium e mimic i nā biotopes o ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻO Driftwood, nā lālā, nā lau i hāʻule, nā pōhaku nunui ʻaʻole e hoʻonani i ka aquarium wale nō, akā e hōʻoluʻolu hoʻi no geophagus. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole wale ka driftwood i kahi no ka iʻa, akā hoʻokuʻu pū i nā tanin i loko o ka wai, e hoʻonui ana i ka acidic a kokoke i kāna mau palena kūlohelohe.
Hiki i ka mea like ke ʻōlelo ʻia no nā lau maloʻo. A nani wale ka biotope i kēia hihia.
ʻO nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika Hema e lilo i mau hoanoho maikaʻi no nā geophagus. ʻO kahi laʻana, nā ʻano nui o cichlids a me nā iʻa iʻa (nā ala āpau a me nā tarakatum).
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e mālama i ka geophagus i kahi hui o 5 a 15 mau kānaka. I loko o kēlā ʻohana, manaʻo lākou he ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi, ka ʻoi aku ka hana, aia kā lākou hierarchy ponoʻī i loko o ka ʻohana, a piʻi nui ka manawa kūpono o ka hānau holomua.
Hoʻokaʻawale, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu me nā iʻa aquarium geophagus. E like me kāu e koho ai, i loko o kahi aquarium kahi e nau mau ʻia ka lepo a piʻi aʻe nā aʻa, he mea paʻakikī loa ia e ola lākou.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā lāʻano paʻakikī e like me Anubias a i ʻole lumine Java, a i ʻole nā kumu lāʻau nui o Echinodorus a me Cryptocoryne i loko o nā ipuhao.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻeli ʻia nā leo nui a lana i luna, ʻoiai ka iʻa e ʻeli i loko o nā ululāʻau a ma lalo o nā aʻa o nā mea kanu.
Hanai ana
I ke kūlohelohe, pili pono ka papaʻai o nā geophagus i ko lākou wahi noho. ʻAi nui lākou i nā kolo liʻiliʻi, nā hua i hāʻule i loko o ka wai, a me nā larva wai like ʻole.
I loko o kahi aquarium, pono lākou i ka nui o ka fiber a me ka chitin no kā lākou digestive tract e hana pono.
Ma waho aʻe o nā meaʻai like ʻole a me nā meaʻai paʻahau, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i nā mea kanu - nā lau lettuce, ka milo, nā kukama, zucchini.
Hiki nō hoʻi iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā meaʻai i kiʻekiʻe i ka fiber mea kanu, e like me nā pellets cichlid Malawian.
Wehewehe
ʻO Geophagus ka genus ākea, a komo pū nā iʻa he nui o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā kala. ʻO kaʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka iʻa ke ʻano o ke poʻo, conical iki, me nā maka kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino ma hope, ikaika, uhi ʻia me nā ʻāpana o nā kala a me nā ʻano like ʻole. I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o 20 mau ʻano o nā geophagus like ʻole i wehewehe ʻia, a i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻonui hou ʻia kēia papa inoa me nā ʻano hou.
Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia nā lālā o ka ʻohana ma loko o ke kahawai ʻo Amazon (me ka Orinoco), kahi e noho ai lākou i nā ʻano wai like ʻole.
ʻO nā laha i loaʻa ma ka makeke ʻaʻole ma mua o 12 cm, e like me Geophagus sp. ʻulaʻula Tapajos. Akā, aia nā iʻa a 25-30 cm kēlā me kēia, e like me Geophagus altifrons a me Geophagus proximus.
Maikaʻi loa lākou i ka mahana o 26-28 ° C, pH 6.5-8, a me ka paʻakikī o 10 a 20 dGH.
Hoʻopili ʻo Geophagus i kā lākou mau hua i loko o ko lākou waha, lawe kekahi o nā mākua i ka larva i loko o ko lākou waha a hali iā lākou no 10-14 mau lā. Haʻalele ka palai i ka waha o nā mākua ma hope wale o ka ʻeli ʻana o ka yolk sac.
Ma hope o kēlā, hūnā mau lākou i ko lākou waha inā pilikia a i ka pō. Pau ka mālama ʻana o nā mākua i ka ʻai ma hope o kekahi mau pule, ma mua o ka hānau hou ʻana.
Geophagus poʻo poʻo ʻula
Hoʻokumu nā geophaguse poʻo ʻulaʻula i kahi hui ʻokoʻa, ma waena o ka genus Geophagus. ʻO kēia mau mea: Geophagus steindachneri, Geophagus crassilabris, a me Geophagus pellegrini.
Loaʻa iā lākou ko lākou inoa no kahi puʻupuʻu momona ma ka lae i nā mākua, nā kāne makua, a ʻulaʻula. Eia kekahi, hoʻomohala wale ia i nā kāne kāne nui, a i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana e ʻoi aku ka nui.
Noho lākou i loko o nā waihona wai me nā mahana o ka wai mai 26 ° a 30 ° C, palupalu a paʻakikī paʻakikī, me ka pH o 6 - 7. ʻO ka nui o ka nui a 25 cm, akā i nā aquariums liʻiliʻi lākou.
ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama pālua ʻia kēia mau geophagus, aia wale nō i nā haremene, ʻano like kā lākou ʻano me nā cichlids ʻApelika mai ka mbuna. He unpretentious loa lākou a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻohua, halihali lākou i ka waha.
ʻO Geophagus Palakila
ʻO kekahi hui ka geophagus Brazil, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ko lākou wahi noho ma ke ʻano. ʻO kēia mau ʻano e like me: Geophagus iporangensis, Geophagus itapicuruensis, a me Geophagus obscurus, Geophagus brasiliensis.
Noho lākou ma ka hikina a me ke komohana hema o Brazil, i nā waihona wai me nā kahe ikaika a nāwaliwali hoʻi, akā me ka lalo nui o ka one.
ʻAʻole hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou kino ma hope e like me nā geophagus ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā maka, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka waha. ʻOkoʻa ka nui o nā kāne mai nā wahine aku, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne, a ʻo ko lākou mau poʻo me kahi puʻupuʻu momona ʻoi aku ka heʻe. ʻO nā kāne he mau lime lōʻihi me ka sheen metallic a puni nā kihi.
He iʻa nui loa kēia, no ka laʻana, hiki i Geophagus brasiliensis ke ulu a 30 cm.
Noho nā geophagus Brazil i nā kūlana o nā palena ʻokoʻa. Aia ko lākou mahana mai 16 ° a 30 ° C, ka paʻakikī o ka wai mai 5 a 15, a me pH mai 5 a 7.
ʻO ka iʻa hōʻeuʻeu, keu hoʻi i ka wā hoʻouluulu. ʻAʻole maʻamau ka hana hou ʻana no nā geophagus āpau. ʻImi ka wahine i kahi, ma ka maʻa mau o ka pōhaku a me nā aʻa o ka lāʻau, hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia a waiho ʻia i 1000 mau hua.
Hatch ka larvae ma hope o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau lā, a ma hope e hoʻoneʻe ka wahine iā lākou i kekahi o nā lua i ʻeli mua ʻia. No laila e hūnā ʻo ia iā lākou a hiki i ka ʻauʻau ʻana o ka palai. Mālama nā mākua i ka palai no ʻekolu pule.
Ma hope o 6-9 mau mahina, hiki i ka pā palai ma kahi o 10 cm a hiki ke ʻōhua i kā lākou iho.
Hale hoʻoikaika kino
ʻO Gymneophagus (Gymnogeophagus spp.) ʻO nā kino wai noho o ka hema o Brazil, hikina ʻo Paraguay, Uruguay a me ka ʻĀkau o ʻAtena, me ke kahawai ʻo La Plata.
Makemake lākou i nā kino wai me nā kahe nāwaliwali a pale pinepine i nā kahawai nui, neʻe mai ke kahawai nui i nā kahawai. ʻO ka hapanui hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā kahawai, nā kahawai a me nā kahawai.
I ke kūlohelohe, piʻi ikaika ka mahana o ka ea i nā wahi noho o ka hymneophagus i loko o ka makahiki, a ma kekahi mau wahi he 20 ° C. Pākuʻi ʻia nā mahana, e laʻa me 8 ° C, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia!
I kēia lā, ua wehewehe ʻia he nui o nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o hymneophagus, ka mea i kaulana loa i waena o nā aquarist ʻo ia ka geophagus balzanii gymnogeophagus balzanii.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia mau iʻa e ko lākou kala ʻula a me ka liʻiliʻi. Hatch kekahi o lākou i nā hua i loko o ka waha, a ʻo kekahi i hua i ka substrate.
ʻO Biotodome
Noho ʻo Geophagus Biotodoma i nā wahi mālie a kahe kahe i ka muliwai Amazon. Aia ʻelua mau ʻano i wehewehe ʻia: Biotodoma wavrini a me Biotodoma cupido.
Noho lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā kahakai me nā kahakai a lepo paha, e ʻauʻau pinepine ana i nā wahi me nā pōhaku, nā lau a me nā aʻa. Kūleʻa ka mahana o ka wai a mai ka 27 a 29 ° C.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka biotode e kahi ʻāpana kūʻeleʻele e holo ana ma waena o ka operculum a keʻa i nā maka.
Aia kekahi kiko ʻeleʻele nui e waiho ana ma ka laina ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻole momona nā lehelehe, a liʻiliʻi ka waha ponoʻī, a ʻo ke geophagus.
He iʻa liʻiliʻi kēia, a i 10 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā palena kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i kahi biotodome geophagus: PH 5 - 6.5, mahana 28 ° C (82 ° F), a me GH ma lalo o 10.
Pilikia loa lākou i nā pae nitrate i loko o ka wai, no laila pono e hoʻololi i ka wai i kēlā me kēia pule.
Akā, ʻaʻole lākou makemake i kahi au ikaika, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi ʻohe inā hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kānana kūwaho kūwaho. Kau ʻia ka caviar ma luna o nā pōhaku a i ʻole ka lāʻau driftwood.
ʻO Guianacara
ʻO ka hapanui o nā Guianacara geophaguse e ulu nei i nā ana hāiki, a loaʻa i nā kahe ikaika ma ka hema o Venezuela a me French Guiana, a ma ka moku ʻo Rio Branco.
I ke kūlohelohe, noho lākou i nā pūʻā hipa, akā ua ʻōlua i pālua. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ko lākou helehelena kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele i hoʻonui ʻia i ka lihi o lalo o ka operculum, e hana ana i kahi kihi ʻeleʻele ma ka papalina o ka iʻa.
He kūlana kiʻekiʻe ko lākou, akā ʻaʻohe puʻupuʻu momona. Hōʻike ʻia i kēia manawa: G. geayi, G. oelemariensis, G. owroewefi, G. sphenozona, G. stergiosi, a me G. cuyunii.
ʻO Satanoperk
ʻO ka genus Satanoperca kahi o nā lāhui kaulana S. jurupari, S. leucosticta, S. daemon, a, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka maʻamau, S. pappaterra, S. lilith, a me S. acuticeps.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā laha, ka nui o kēia mau iʻa mai 10 a 30 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau no lākou ke kū ʻana o kahi kiko pōʻai ʻeleʻele ma ke kumu.
Noho lākou i nā wai mālie ma ke kahawai ʻo Orinoco a me nā kiʻekiʻe o Rio Paraguay, a me nā muliwai ʻo Rio Negro a me Rio Branco. I ke kakahiaka noho lākou kokoke i ka shoal, kahi a lākou e ʻeli ai i ka silt, pālolo, one maikaʻi a nānā i nā meaʻai.
I ke ao hele lākou i ka hohonu, no ka makaʻu i nā manu lele e ʻimi ana i nā mea pio mai nā kalaunu o nā kumulāʻau, a i ka pō e neʻe lākou i ka pahu kani, ke hiki mai ka manawa no nā iʻa lele.
ʻO Piranhas ko lākou mau hoanoho mau, no laila ʻo ka hapa nui o ka genus i hopu ʻia i ke kūlohelohe he pōʻino i ko lākou kino a me nā lola.
ʻO kekahi mau laha, e like me Satanoperca jurupari a me Satanoperca leucosticta, he cichlids makaʻu ʻole a mālama maikaʻi ʻia me nā ʻano mālie.
Pono lākou i ka wai palupalu, a 10 dGH, a me kahi mahana mai 28 ° a 29 ° C. ʻO Satanoperca daemon, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana, koi i ka wai palupalu a me ka waikawa. ʻEha pinepine i ka maʻi gastrointestinal a me ka maʻi hole.
ʻO Acarichthys
Hoʻokahi wale nō lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus Acarichthys - Acarichthys heckelii. Ma kahi o 10 cm ka lōʻihi, noho kēia iʻa ma Rio Negro, Branco, Rupuni, kahi o ka wai i kahi pH ma kahi o 6, paakiki ma lalo o 10 kekelē, a me kahi mahana o 20 ° a 28 ° C.
ʻAʻole like me nā geophagus ʻē aʻe, he ololi ke kino o ka hackel a me kahi fin dorsal lōʻihi. Eia kekahi ʻano he wahi ʻeleʻele i ka waena o ke kino a me kahi laina kūleʻeleʻeleʻele e hele i waena o nā maka.
Ma ka fin dorsal, ua hoʻomohala nā kukuna i lōʻihi a lahilahi nā filament, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i ke kala. I ka iʻa oʻo kolohe, ʻike ʻia nā kiko opalescent ma ka operculum ma lalo koke o nā maka.
Uhi ʻia nā pūnana anal a caudal me nā kiko ʻōlinolino he nui, a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kino. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, nui nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole e kūʻai aku ana, akā ma kahi mamao ʻo kēia kekahi o nā ʻano nani loa o nā geophagus i loaʻa ma ke kūʻai aku.
ʻOiai ʻo Akarichtis Heckel e ulu a hiki i kahi nui kūpono, he waha liʻiliʻi kona a me nā lehelehe lahilahi. He iʻa nui a kūpikipiki kēia, pono e mālama ʻia i loko o kahi aquarium ākea loa, no 5-6 mau kānaka, kahi lōʻihi o 160 cm ka lōʻihi, pono ke kiʻekiʻe o 60 cm a me ka laulā ma kahi o 70 cm. Hiki ke mālama ʻia me nā cichlids nui a i ʻole geophagus.
I ke kūlohelohe, hū ʻo Heckels i nā tunnels a i ka mika ka lōʻihi, a lākou i ʻeli ai i lalo o ka pālolo. Minamina, paʻakikī kēia mau geophagus e hānai i loko o kahi aquarium amateur, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka moekolohe, nā wahine i ʻelua makahiki, a me nā kāne ʻekolu.
Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea laki me ka paʻa mākaukau e kau i kahi pīlali a i ʻole ka pālolo pālolo, ipu hao a i ʻole mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka aquarium e hoʻohālike i kahi tunnel.
Hoʻomoe ka wahine i 2000 mau hua, a me nā liʻiliʻi loa. Liʻiliʻi hoʻi ʻo Malek, a hiki i ka wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā ciliates ke lawelawe i mea hoʻomaka i ka meaʻai na ia mea, a laila microworm a me Artemia naupilias.
ʻO ka maʻamau ma hope o ʻelua mau pule, haʻalele nā mākua i ka palai a pono e hemo.
Panina hopena
ʻOkoʻa loa ʻo Geophagus i ka nui, ke ʻano o ke kino, ke kala, ka lawena. Noho lākou i mau makahiki, inā ʻaʻole he mau makahiki.
Aia ma waena o lākou kekahi mau ʻano unpretentious a me nā liʻiliʻi, a me nā pilikua capricious.
Akā, hoihoi lākou āpau, ʻano ʻokoʻa a me ka iʻa huali, i ka manawa hoʻokahi i ko lākou ola, akā he mea kūpono ke hoʻāʻo e loaʻa i kahi ipo cichlids i loko o ka aquarium.
