ʻO ka Alaskan Malamute kahi ʻīlio sled nui ma Alaska. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo kēia kekahi o nā hānau ʻīlio kahiko loa, hānai ʻia e ka ʻohana Eskimo ʻo Malemute, ma mua he ʻīlio maʻamau, a laila ma kahi ʻīlio sled. Huikau pinepine lākou me nā huskies Siberian, ʻoiai he ʻano like ko lākou kala, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā malamute a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano.
ʻAukake
- ʻAʻole i paipai ʻia no nā hobbyist ʻike ʻole, e like me ko lākou ʻike kūlohelohe a me ke kūʻokoʻa e paʻakikī ai lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa a aʻo.
- E hoʻāʻo ʻo Malamutes e hoʻomalu i ka ʻohana, a mākaukau kēlā me kēia lālā (a hiki) e hoʻokau iā lākou iho i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma mua o lākou.
- Eli lākou me ka hemolele, he mea mau i loko o lākou e ke kūlohelohe. E noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia inā noho ka ʻīlio i ka pā, no ka mea e hōʻino ʻia nā mea kanu a ʻeli paha ʻo ia i kahi ʻoka ma lalo o ka pā.
- He ʻīlio ikaika, ikaika ia, hana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i nā ukana. Inā hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole a luhi hoʻi, hiki iā ia ke lilo i mea hōʻino i ka home.
- Me ka launa kūpono a me ka hānai ʻana, hiki i nā ahiahi ke noho maikaʻi i loko o ka hale me nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki. Akā, ma ke alanui, ʻaʻole pili kēia mau lula a e ʻimi lākou i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, e like me nā pōpoki a nā hoanoho.
- ʻAʻole lākou ʻike pehea e ʻāwī ai (me nā ʻokoʻa laha ʻole), a ʻaʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia ko lākou kapa mānoanoa no nā anilahana wela.
Mōʻaukala o ka lāhui
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Alaskan Malamutes kekahi o nā hānau ʻīlio kahiko loa, ʻo ka mea mua loa ma ʻAkau ʻAmelika a ʻo ka noho lōʻihi paha kokoke i nā kānaka. Kākoʻo ʻia ke kumumanaʻo e nā ʻike hulina e hōʻoia ana ua loli iki lākou mai ka wā kahiko. ʻO ka loiloi DNA o kēia laha, i hoʻokō ʻia ma 2004, ua hōʻoia ʻo ia ka mea kokoke loa i kahi ʻīlio hae.
ʻO ia paha nā kūpuna o ka malamute hou he mau ʻīlio hānai hānai mai East a me Central Asia. Ua hele lākou i ʻAmelika ʻĀkau me nā poʻe nomads ma o ka Strait Bering mai ka hikina o Siberia i ka wā o Pleistocene, ma kahi o 14,000 mau makahiki i hala.
Ua hōʻike ʻo DNA i kā Siberian Huskies, Alaskan Klee-kai a me Alaskan Malamute i ko lākou pilina me ka ʻīlio hae a me kekahi me kekahi. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o lākou ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā malamute, ʻoi aku ka ikaika i kūkulu ʻia a me ka iwi kaumaha, ʻo ko lākou kaumaha mai 34 a 39 kg.
No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā huskies Siberian, waena-nui a kau ʻia ma 20-27 kg. Wahi a ka ʻike i loaʻa ʻia e nā paleontologists, ua like ka ʻīlio Paleolithic me kahi husky, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka Malamute i ka nui.
ʻOiai ʻaʻohe ʻike ʻepekema no kēia, ua like nā malamute me ka ʻīlio hihiu mua i hānai ʻia e ke kanaka. A i ʻole, i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻo kēia ka ʻīlio mua ma ka honua.
Ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka ʻohana, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻīlio mai kēia wā ke loaʻa ka loea. ʻO ke ola o nā ʻohana Eskimo ka neʻe o ka neʻe ma waena o nā ʻāina ʻoʻoleʻa, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hopu holoholona, ma ke ʻano o nā kiaʻi kiaʻi a no nā kumu ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole i hoʻomaka koke ka poʻe Eskimo e hoʻohana i nā ʻīlio e like me nā ʻīlio sled, ʻaʻohe o lākou koho.
ʻO ke aniau ʻino o Alaska a me nā lako meaʻai palena i hoʻokani nui ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka laha. ʻO nā ʻīlio hiki ʻole ke ola i kēia aniau ua nalowale wale aku mai ke kaulahao genetical, a waiho wale i nā mea ʻoi loa a ikaika hoʻi ma kahi.
Kuhi ʻia ʻo Alaskan Malamutes e ka ʻohana Inuit (inoa ponoʻī o ka Eskimos) ʻohana Malemute. Paʻa ʻia i Alaska mai Siberia, noho lākou ma ke kahawai ʻo Anvik. Pēlā i ulu ai lākou i loko o nā kenekulia, e like me nā kūlana i kau ʻia e ka poʻe Eskimo.
A maʻalahi nā kūlana a ʻaʻohe mea pili i ka nani, pono ikaika ka ʻīlio, hiki ke ʻimi ʻelua a huki i nā sledges a me ka ʻae maikaʻi ʻana i nā hau. Ma muli o kēia hana koho kūlohelohe, hānau ka Alaskan Malamute. Hoʻohana ʻia ia mau mea no ka ʻimi holoholona, no ke kiaʻi ʻana i nā nomads a me nā ʻīlio sled.
Ua hoʻomaka ka kamaʻāina o ka poʻe ʻEulopa me kēia mau ʻīlio mai ka wā o ka lanakila o Siberia, akā ʻo ka kaulana maoli i hele mai i 1896, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka holo gula i ka Klondike. ʻO ka lehulehu o ka poʻe i makemake e loaʻa kālā e ninini ʻia a makemake lākou āpau e neʻe me ka wikiwiki, ʻaʻole ia he hana maʻalahi ma ka ʻākau.
Piʻi nā kumukūʻai ʻīlio, no ka laʻana, no kahi kime e uku ana i $ 1,500 a me $ 500 no kahi ʻīlio maikaʻi, a i ʻole $ 40,000 a me $ 13,000 i nā ʻōlelo o kēia au. Ua lilo ʻo Malamute i ʻīlio pipiʻi a makemake nui ʻia i ka ʻāina.
Ua hōʻea mai nā ʻano ʻīlio ʻē aʻe, e like me Newfoundlands a me St. Bernards, me nā mea ʻeli gula. Ua hoʻomaka lākou e hele i waena me nā kamaʻāina me ka lana o ka manaʻo e loaʻa nā ʻīlio ikaika. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono nā slides e like me nā mestizos a hakakā nui me kekahi ma mua o nā sledges kauō.
I ka manawa like, ke lilo nei ka heihei ʻo ka ʻīlio i haʻuki kaulana. 1908 i ʻike ai i ka All Alaska Sweepstakes, he heihei 408-mile. ʻO ka lanakila ʻana i kēia heihei, ʻo ia ka hanohano, ka hanohano a me ke kālā, a ʻo ka poʻe mai nā ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa o Alaska i hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻīlio no kēia heihei
Akā, ʻoiai ka hoʻomanawanui, ka hiki ke hana i kahi kime a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Alaskan Malamutes e nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka wikiwiki. Ua lana ka manaʻo o nā mea ʻona e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou wikiwiki ma ke keʻa ʻana me nā ʻano liʻiliʻi a i kēia manawa aia nā ʻīlio puree ma kahi kokoke o ka make.
Ma ka 1920, ua koʻikoʻi ke kūlana o ka laha a aia ma ka ʻane o ka make. Ua ikaika a paʻakikī hoʻi lākou, akā ua heleleʻi nui ka helu o nā ʻīlio puree. A laila ua hui pū kahi hui liʻiliʻi o nā mea hānai e hoʻihoʻi i ka laha.
Ma nā makahiki he 20 e hiki mai ana, e māhele lākou i ʻekolu mau laina a lilo i ʻano ʻīlio o kēia au. ʻO kēia mau laina ʻo Kotzebue, M'Lut a me Hinman-Irvin. E iho mai nā ʻīlio o kēia au mai kēia mau laina a loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o kekahi a i ʻole o kekahi o lākou.
ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka manawa i ka lāhui e ola hou ai, e like me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua Honua, kahi a lākou i komo ai. Nui nā nalo a ma ka 1947 aia wale nō 30 mau ʻīlio hoʻopaʻa inoa i koe, akā mahalo i nā hana a nā amateurs, ua hoʻopakele ʻia ka lāhui, ʻoiai no kēia mea pono e uhaʻi i ka maʻemaʻe o nā laina.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka Alaskan Malamute kekahi o nā ʻano ʻīlio ʻākau o ka ʻĀkau. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma ke ʻano he ʻīlio sled i waena o nā ʻohana Eskimo, ʻo ia ka hōʻailona mana o ka mokuʻāina o Alaska, akā hoʻohana mau ʻia ia i kāna hana kuʻuna.
Wehewehe
ʻOiai kuhi hewa pinepine lākou no kahi hoahānau pili, ʻo ka Siberian Husky, ʻo Alaskan Malamutes nā ʻīlio nui a kahiko loa hoʻi ma ka ʻākau. Ikaika, haʻuki, paʻakikī a kūkulu ʻia e hāpai i nā ukana kaumaha ma kahi mamao.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kāne ma kahi maloʻo e hōʻea i 64 cm, a ʻo ke kaumaha he 39 kg, ʻoiai e piʻi nā wahine i 58 cm a me 34 kg. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka o ka nui a me ka liʻiliʻi. Ke loiloi i kahi ʻīlio, e nānā hou ʻia i ke ʻano, proportionality, agility a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka nui.
Nui ke poʻo, ākea, ma ke kaulike o ke kino. ʻIke ʻia mai ka mua, ke ʻano o ke poʻo a me ka waha e like me ka ʻīlio hae.
Kūlike nā maka i ka nui, ʻano ʻalemona, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kihi o waho o nā maka ma mua o nā mea o loko. Pono ke kala o ka maka, ʻulaʻula nā maka polū.
Kūlike nā pepeiao i ka nui, triangular i ke ʻano, me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo poepoe iki, hoʻonoho ākea ma ke poʻo.
He kapa pālua mānoanoa ko ka Alaskan Malamute, me ka lauoho pale kiaʻi a me ka undercoat mānoanoa. Paʻapū, ʻaila a mānoanoa hoʻi ka undercoat, e hāʻawi ana i kahi pale maikaʻi loa. I ka wā o ke kauwela, e lahilahi a pōkole ke kapa.
ʻO nā lau o ka lole mai ka hina, wolfish i ka black, sable a me nā aka like ʻole. ʻAe ʻia ke keʻokeʻo, ke kala paʻa. ʻAe ʻia nā hui pū ʻana o nā kala i ka undercoat, nā māka a me nā pālule.
ʻAno
Kaulana kēia mau ʻīlio no ko lākou ʻano ʻoluʻolu i ka poʻe. ʻAʻole loa lākou e hōʻalo i nā malihini, e aloha nei i nā poʻe āpau me he hoaaloha poina lōʻihi.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka Alaskan Malamute ʻaʻole ia i kūpono no ka hana kiaʻi, ʻoiai ʻo kona nui a me kona ʻano wolf e like me ka makaʻu o ka poʻe hele.
A ʻo ka launa a me ka launa ʻana ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke aloha i hoʻokahi wale nō.
ʻO kekahi kumu no ke kūpono ʻole o lākou i ke kiaʻi ʻana, ʻo ka nele o ka hae ʻana, ma ke ʻano kuʻuna. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke leo nui i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hauʻoli, ka makaʻu, ka mehameha a me ka pīhoihoi. Hōʻike lākou i nā manaʻo me ke kōkua o nā ʻano like ʻole - ʻū, yelps, aoa. ʻOiai hiki ke hae i kahi helu liʻiliʻi o lākou.
ʻO Malamutes, e like me Akita Inu, makemake e hāpai i nā mea i loko o kā lākou waha, ʻo ia paha kou pūlima. Akā, ʻaʻole kēia he hana huhū, makemake ʻole e hōʻeha, akā he ʻano momona. Hiki iā lākou ke lālau i kou lima e alakaʻi iā ʻoe i ka lepe ke makemake lākou e hele wāwae. He hana instinctive kēia i hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau ʻia.
He hoʻomanaʻo kupaianaha kā Alaskan Malamutes, kahi waiwai i lawelawe iā lākou i nā aniau ʻino a ʻae iā lākou e ʻike i ko lākou ala i nā kapuwai liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO ka manaʻo o kēia waiwai pono ʻoe e akahele loa i ke aʻo ʻana.
Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi, kūpono ʻole ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale piha o ka hilinaʻi i ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa. ʻO kahi huahana hou o ka noʻonoʻo kūʻokoʻa ke kūʻokoʻa, ka makemake e noʻonoʻo nona iho a hoʻāʻo i nā palena o ka mea i ʻae ʻia.
He mea nui ia kūpaʻa a paʻa ka mea nāna ia, a hoʻokani i ke alakaʻi a i ʻole alpha i ke ola o ka ʻīlio. Inā kū ʻole ka mea ʻona a ʻaʻole lawe i ka kuleana o ka mea nāna ka mea, e lawe ka ʻīlio i kēia kuleana a e hoʻomalu i ka hale. E alakaʻi kēia i ka huhū e kuhikuhi i nā lālā o ka ʻāpana (kānaka) i ko lākou wahi.
He paʻakikī nā ʻīlio e hana i kēia kuleana ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou, e koi paha i kahi mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻoihana, hoʻoponopono, a i ʻole he ʻohana hou, kahi e hoʻokau ai ka mea nona iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he kanaka nui. ʻO nā hoʻāʻo a nā haku e hoʻāʻo e hoʻokumu iā lākou iho ma ke ʻano he alpha e alakaʻi i ka huhū.
Hoʻomaopopo hou ʻo Malamutes e hoʻomaopopo koke a luhi koke, no laila pōkole ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻano ʻokoʻa a hoʻopiha i nā stimuli.
ʻAʻole like me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe, e hana hou i ka mea like i nā manawa he nui, e hāʻawi ka Malamute a hele i nā mea akamai. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia lākou he akamai akā paʻakikī. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, nā makana, a me nā mea maikaʻi ma mua o ka maikaʻi ʻole a me ka ikaika.
Mai ka puppy a hiki i mua, pono e wehewehe pono ʻia nā rula, nā palena a me nā kapu me nā pāpā paʻa ʻole akā akahai. ʻO nā kūpuna o kēia mau ʻīlio ponoʻī e hoʻoholo i ka mea a pehea e hana ai, ke kuʻi ʻana i ke ala i ka hau, ka hau, ka hau a me ia ʻano hana ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia a ma ke noi a ka ona. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo hiki i ke Alaskan Malamute ke kuhikuhi i kahi āu e makemake ai, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke koi aku iā ia e hele i laila.
ʻOiai maopopo a aʻo wikiwiki lākou, lawe pinepine lākou i kekahi manawa ma mua o ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi kauoha. Nā mea kūʻokoʻa, inā maopopo iā lākou ʻaʻole kūpono kāu hui a ʻaʻole ʻike lākou iā ia, akā hoʻolohi lākou i ka hoʻokō ʻana, a i ʻole hoʻokō ʻole ʻia.
E hoʻomanaʻo ua koho ʻia lākou no nā makahiki he haneli i mau ʻīlio sled, hiki ʻole ke hana hou. Kūleʻa lākou i nā haʻuki, a me kēlā mau mea e pono ai ka ʻike, ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka ʻoi.
Pono nā Smart Malamutes i nā hana e hōʻoluʻolu i ka luhi a me ka monotony. Inā ʻaʻohe hana e like me ia, akā lilo ka luhi i mea luku a ma ka home e hōʻike ai iā ia iho i nā mea hana i ʻānai ʻia, nā ipu hao naha, nā pepa kiʻi weluwelu.
Ma ke ʻano he ʻūlū, he lālā lākou no ka ʻūlū, inā waiho wale ʻia lākou, ʻeha lākou i ke koʻikoʻi, luhi, a inā hiki iā lākou ke komo i ka pā, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻeliʻeli iā ia.
No nā Alaskan Malamute - he "kūlohelohe" ka honua, ʻeli lākou no ka leʻaleʻa a no ke anuanu i kahi lua. Inā laki ʻoe a aloha kou Malamute e ʻeli, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi kihi no kēia, a i ʻole e ʻae a poina i ka lau nahele nani, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono i kēia ʻano.
He mea nui aʻe ka mea e hoihoi i ko lākou ola, e hāʻawi i ka nui o ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ka hoʻoikaika kino, nā hele wāwae a hoʻēmi i ka hana luku. Hana ʻia lākou no kēlā me kēia lā, hana nui a ʻo ka poʻe ka hewa no ka mea ʻaʻohe o lākou wahi e hoʻokau i ko lākou ikaika. ʻO nā mea nona ka manawa kūpono ʻole e hele wāwae, pāʻani, hoʻāla i kahi Malamute, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohuli i ko lākou nānā i nā laha ʻē aʻe.
E like me nā ʻīlio sled āpau, e launa maikaʻi ʻo Malamutes me nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe. Pono e hoʻomaka mua ʻia ka nohona a hoʻolauna ʻia i nā pilau hou, nā ʻano, nā holoholona a me nā kānaka.
Hiki i nā ʻīlio ke launa ʻole ʻia ke hoʻomalu i nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe o ka moekolohe like. Inā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻi i hope, hiki i nā hakakā ke ala aʻe. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia mau hakakā e hopena i ka hōʻeha koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ka make, kū lākou ke hōʻike koke ka hoa paio i ka lanakila.
Mālama nui ʻo Alaskan Malamutes me nā keiki a ʻike i kahi ʻōlelo maʻamau me lākou, no ka mea makemake lākou i ka pāʻani a me ka ʻeleu. Akā, he ʻīlio nui kēia a ʻaʻole pono e waiho kaʻawale, mālama ʻole ʻia.
E like me nā hānau Spitz ʻē aʻe, hiki ke makaʻu i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. Kūlohelohe lākou, alualu a kūpuna ko lākou mau kūpuna i ke ola. Inā hoʻokuʻu ʻia me ka ʻole o ka leash i ke ʻano, e alualu lākou i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, a alualu i nā pōpoki a me nā squirrels ma nā kūlanakauhale.
Ke hui kūpono ʻia ma 6-12 mau pule o ka makahiki, hiki i nā malamute ke ʻae i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he lālā pack. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pili kēia i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ma waho o ka home..
ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ka home noho maikaʻi lākou me kāu pōpoki, akā ma ke alanui pepehi lākou i ka pōpoki a kekahi hoalauna. ʻAʻole i koi ʻia kēia mau ʻīlio no nā hale kahi holoholona ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hunter i loko o lākou ma mua o ka noʻonoʻo.
Eia kekahi, ke ʻimi holoholona, like lākou me nā pōpoki: noho mālie a paʻa hoʻi, cuddle lākou i ka honua ma mua o ka wikiwiki i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia. ʻAʻole pono nā ʻona i hiki ke lawelawe i kēia hana a hele wāwae i ka ʻīlio mai kahi kaula i kēia ʻano.
Mālama
He ʻīlio maʻemaʻe kēia, me ka ʻaʻala ʻole o ka ʻīlio. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou iā lākou iho e like me nā pōpoki, e lawe ana i ka lepo mai kahi a lākou e hiki ai. Eia nō naʻe, mānoanoa ko lākou pālule, wīwī, me ka undercoat mānoanoa a inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā e waiho iā lākou i kahi keʻena, pono ka mālama liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻomaha pinepine lākou i ʻelua mau makahiki i ka makahiki, i ke kauwela e pōkole a emi iho ka palapū. I kēia manawa, hāʻule nui kēia huluhulu i nā lako a me nā kapeta, lele i ka lewa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i kāna nui ma ke kāhili ʻana iā ia hoʻokahi wale nō i ka lā.
Ola
Hoʻokahi wale nō aʻo olakino o kēia ʻano, i alakaʻi ʻia ma ka 2004 UK Kennel Club ma kahi hui liʻiliʻi he 14 mau ʻīlio. ʻO ka awelika ke ola o ka Alaskan Malamute he 10.7 mau makahiki, i like ia me nā lāhui like ʻole o ka nui like. Eia nō naʻe, ua liʻiliʻi ka laʻana e manaʻo ʻia he hilinaʻi a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka malamute kekahi o nā ola lōʻihi loa no nā ʻīlio nui - a i 15 mau makahiki.
Eia nō naʻe, ua liʻiliʻi ka laʻana e manaʻo ʻia he hilinaʻi a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe i ʻōlelo ʻo Malamute kekahi o nā ola lōʻihi loa no nā ʻīlio nui - a i 15 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau ka: dysplasia a me ka cataract.
