Nahesa waha. Ka wehewehe, nā hiʻohiʻona, nā ʻano, ka nohona a me ka nohona o ka shitomordnik

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Ma waena o nā ʻano nāhesa he nui, aia kekahi mau mea kū i waho no ko lākou kala, ka nui a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka makaʻu, akā no nā ʻano hoihoi ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi o lākou puʻupuʻu - ka lāhui maʻamau o nā moʻo nahesa o ka lāhui Shchitomordnikov subfamily o ka ʻohana lua viper.

Mai ka inoa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui o kēia nāhesa - nā pale ma ka piko o ke poʻo. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e kamaʻāina me kēia mea kolo, kahi mea iki e pili ana i ka loaʻa. Ua ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka Yenisei i kekahi o kāna huakaʻi ʻepekema e Peter Simon Pallas (1741-1811), he meaolaola Kelemania, mea kūlohelohe, aia ma ka lawelawe ma Rūsia.

Ua hana nui ʻo ia i ke aʻo ʻana i ka biology, ka hulihonua, ka hulihonua a me ka philology o Siberia a me ka hema o Lūkia, ke aʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka flora a me nā holoholona o kēia mau wahi. ʻOiai ka nui o ka ʻike, ʻaʻole ia i mākaukau ma nā ʻepekema āpau, akā ua hoʻopiha loa iā ia iho i ke kumuhana.

ʻO ia ma nā ʻano he nui i mua o ka poʻe o kona wā e pili ana i ka hohonu o ka ʻike a me ka hiki ke kālailai i nā ʻike i loaʻa. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i nā ʻepekema e like me ke kālaolaola a me ka biogeography. ʻO ia ka mea mua e hoʻomaopopo a wehewehe i nā ʻano manu he 425, 240 mau iʻa iʻa, 151 mau ʻano mammalian, 21 mau helminth, a me nā amphibians he nui, nā mea kolo, nā mea kolo a me nā mea kanu.

E komo pū ana, maʻamau puʻupuʻu ma ka panalāʻau o Siberia Hikina i wehewehe mua ʻia e kēia ʻepekema kupaianaha i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18. No laila, ʻo ka inoa ʻelua o kahi shitomordnik maʻamau Waha pale a Pallas.

Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Liʻiliʻi kēia mea kolo, a hiki i ka 1.7 m ka lōʻihi. ʻO kahi poʻo ākea, kahi palena o ka ʻāʻī ʻike nui ʻia, ma luna o ke poʻo ʻaʻohe unahi, akā, he 9 mau scutes nui aʻe, e like me nā mea kaua koa. Ma lalo o nā maka, ma luna pono o nā puka ihu, aia nā lua thermosensitive. Me kā lākou kōkua, hopu lākou i ka pāhawewe wela.

He hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi kēia o ka nahesa. ʻAʻole wale ʻo ia e ʻike, lohe, honi i kekahi mea ola ʻē aʻe, akā hopu aku nō hoʻi i kāna mau ʻale wela. Inā he ʻano nā meaola i loko o ke kanaka, ʻo ia ko mākou ʻono o nā manaʻo. ʻO kēia nā mea loaʻa mahana. Hana lākou, e like me nā maka. ʻAʻole wale lākou e hopu i nā kukuna o ka lā, akā ka wela wela.

Kūpono ka haumāna o ka maka, kahi hōʻailona o nā mea kolo kolo. Ma waenakonu o ke kino he 23 mau lālani unahi i nā apo. Ma ka ʻōpū a ma lalo o ka huelo he mau pale, i ka hihia mua 155-187, i ka lua - 33-50 pālua.

Ua pena ʻia ka kua a me ke kino i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele a hina hina, ma ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa he mau kaha o nā kiko ʻeleʻele i hoʻonui ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao e kahi ellipse, e hana ana i kahi kāhiko. Aia nā kiko liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao. Ma ke poʻo he liʻiliʻi loa, akā he kiko kiko, a ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo kahi kaha ʻeleʻele i ʻike ʻia mai nā maka a ka waha.

Mālamalama ka ʻōpū, ma nā kala hina a brown paha, me nā kiko liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​kiko uila o kahi kala māmā a pouli hoʻi. I kekahi manawa aia nā moʻo monochromatic maoli, ʻulaʻula-terracotta a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻO Shitomordnik i ke kiʻi huli pono aʻe i mua, kahi o ke poʻo. ʻO kāna pale kaua kaulana ia e hoʻomaopopo a hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ai kāna kiʻi.

Nā ʻano

ʻO ke kumu, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka shitomordniki i mau ʻano e like me ko lākou nohona. Aia he 3 ʻano ma Lūkia: maʻamau, pōhaku a me Ussuriysky. Hikina, Himalayan, waena, mauna, Strauha (Tibetan) - noho kēia mau ʻano i ke kūkulu ʻākau o ʻIrana, Kina, Mongolia a me ka ʻākau o India.

Noho kekahi mau ʻano i ʻAmelika, Indochina a me ʻAsia Minor

1. Nahesa wai aiʻole ka mea ʻai iʻa, noho i ka hema hikina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Hiki i 1.5-1.85 m. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. He kala ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula kona a me ka piko o ka huelo melemele ʻōlinolino. Hoʻohana ʻo ia iā ia maunu i ka hopu ʻana i ka mea pio. Aia ʻelua mau kaha keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ke poʻo, e hoʻopili ana i ka ihu.

Me ka makahiki, lilo i pouli, uliuli ke kala, huehu nā kiko. ʻO kona onaona he hemotoxic, hoʻopau ia i nāʻaʻaʻa. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ka wā i nalo ai ka lālā o ka poʻe ma muli o kēlā nahu. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i nā mea heostatic.

2. ʻĀpana keleawe a i ʻole kaula moccasin i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika Hikina hikina. ʻO kaʻili o konaʻili mai kaʻulaʻula a i kaʻulaʻula. Pili kokoke i ke poʻo, ʻeleʻele ke kala a lawe i kahi keleawe keleawe. 126 mau ʻāpana transverse o nā kiko me nā ʻili pouli, e like me nā arcs ma nā ʻaoʻao, kīloi ma ke kino.

Ua ʻae ʻia kēia kaha kiʻi ʻana e hāʻawi iā ia i inoa lua - moccasin. He nahesa wela kēia, ʻokoʻa i ka nahesa maʻamau. Hiki ke nahu me ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻole. Huli ia i ke ao. Ma mua o ka hoʻouka ʻana, lawe ke kino i ke kinona o ka huapalapala S.

3. Laumania a i ʻole nahesa malay, Ke "mea pepehi iki", he kanaka weliweli loa ia. Noho ma Asia Hikina Hema (Kina, Vietnam, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia) a ma nā mokupuni ʻo Java, Sumatra a me Laos. Makemake i nā mānoanoa o ka ʻohe, nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu like ʻole a me nā mānoanoa o nā ululāʻau tropical.

ʻO kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma kahi o ka mika, akā huna ʻia nā ʻiʻo o 2 mau kenimika i ka waha, a ʻawahia loa ka lāʻau make. Hoʻopau ia i nā hunaola a ʻai i kaʻiʻo. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia nā limahana mahiko e kēia nahesa. Mālamalama a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula paha i ke kala, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā maʻalahi iā ia a hehi.

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no kāna lāʻau make, hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i ke serum mai kahi lāʻau ʻino wale wale nō, a lana ka manaʻo no ka hoʻomaikaʻi. Pono e hāʻawi i ke kōkua ma loko o ka hapalua hola. A mai hoʻopunipuni ʻia e kāna liʻiliʻi - pelu ia i loko o kahi punawai, nā wana, nā nahu a hoʻi i kona kūlana kumu.

I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa hou ma kahi like me ma mua o ka hoʻouka ʻana. ʻAʻole ia e kolo ma hope o ka hoʻouka. Hiki nō ke kāhea ʻia nahesa ulaula, ʻoiai e kaʻana ʻia kēia inoa e kona ʻohana poʻo keleawe ʻAmelika.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻōlinolino, ʻaneʻane ka laʻa o nā koʻa i nā moʻo o kēia genus i ʻike ʻia ma Central Asia. ʻO kahi shitomordnik maʻamau o kahi kala ʻeleʻele i kolo i loko o ka noho e inu wai. Ua nahu ʻo ia i ke kanaka i hoʻokokoke aku i ka mea inu me ka ʻole o ka lono. Hiki paha i nā moʻo koli ʻulaʻula ke hakakā. E hoʻomau ʻia e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohuli ʻia ke ʻano e ke kala huali.

ʻO ka nānā liʻiliʻi loa Ussuri shtomordnik... ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o 70 knm. ʻAʻohe o 23 lālani unahi ma ke kaʻe o ke kino, e like me ka maʻamau, akā 21, nā ʻōpū ʻōpū - 144-166, sub-caudal - 37-51 pālua. Nui ke poʻo, poepoe ka waha. ʻEleʻele ke kua i ke kala, i kekahi manawa ʻane ʻeleʻele, māmā ka ʻōpū, hina.

Ma nā ʻaoʻao he mau kiko me ka palena pouli i ke ʻano o ka oval. ʻO ke poʻo ma luna pū me kahi kumu a me kahi kaha kokoke i nā maka. Noho ma ka Teritori Primorsky, ma ka hema o ka Teritori Khabarovsk a me ka Amur Region, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Kōlea a ma Manchuria. ʻO kona inoa ʻelua ʻo ʻO shtomordnik hikina loa. Kaʻana pinepine ka noho i ka pulelehua pōhaku.

Pau nā lāhui āpau i ka mea make, ke hui pū me lākou hiki ke weliweli. He ʻeha loa nā nahu, ʻaʻole alakai iki i ka make, akā kumu kūpono i nā pilikia.

Ka nohona a me ka nohona

Maʻamau ola ʻo shitomordnik i Lūkia ma Caucasus a me ka Hikina hikina, i nā ʻāina o ʻAkia Waena - Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, ma ke komohana ʻākau o Kina, Mongolia. I Lūkia, ua noho manuahi ka cormorant - mai ka pae haʻahaʻa o Don a me Volga a hiki i Primorye ma ka hikina. ʻIke ʻia kekahi ʻano ma ka ʻākau o ʻIrana.

Ma ke ʻano o ke ola, he unpretentious ʻo ia. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaʻa i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa - nā kula, nā kapuaʻi, nā mauna, nā steppa, nā wao akua a me nā wao akua. ʻO nā lau nahele ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka lepo pōhaku, nā kahawai, nā wahi holoholona, ​​nā kapa muliwai, nā wāwae - ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia ma nā wahi āpau

Inā he meaʻai wale. Piʻi ʻo ia i nā kuahiwi a i 3000 mau mika. ʻAʻole hiki i ka hapa nui o nā moʻo ke piʻi i kēlā kiʻekiʻe, anuanu ia, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā nahesa ke hoʻoponopono i ko lākou kino wela. A he mau mea huli wela ka shitomordnik.

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o lākou ma mua o ka ʻili kanaka a hiki iā lākou ke hopu i ka wela mai nā mea i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā i ka lā. Makemake ʻo ia ma laila e ʻimi i kahi puʻuhonua kūlohelohe. Hiki ke loaʻa hou a pinepine aʻe ma waho o nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi a me nā kauhale e ʻimi nei i nāʻiole a me nāʻiole. I kekahi manawa kolo lākou e lawaiʻa ai i nā ʻōpala o ke kūlanakauhale.

I nā lā mua o ka puna, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka nohona, puka lākou mai ka hibernation. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou mai Malaki a i ke kauwela kau. I nā manawa ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou i ko lākou wahi noho. Ma ka moku ʻo Baikal wale nō ka nui i koe.

I loko o ka wā o ka hana, hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi i ke ao, a ma hope ua hoʻololi lākou i ke aupuni o ka hopu holoholona ahiahi. I ke kau waena o ke kauwela, noho nā nāhesa i nā "hoʻomoana kauwela" - e ʻimi ana i nā wahi ʻimi holoholona momona.

ʻO ka pinepine i ka wāwae o nā pali, i nā māwae o nā pali, nā māwae o nā pōhaku. Huna lākou a peʻapeʻa. Koho maʻamau lākou i nā wahi kokoke i nā kolone rodent e noho ai. Hele lākou i ka hoʻoilo i ka mua o ʻOkakopa, ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki. I ke kūlohelohe, nui ko lākou mau ʻenemi - nā manu lele, nā ʻio, nā ʻīlio raccoon a me nā kānaka.

Ma muli o ka noho ʻana o kēia nahesa ma nā wahi o ka Hikina Hikina, i kaulana no nā meaʻai exotic, ʻaʻole ia he laki, ua piʻi mai nā mea hoʻokumu ʻAsia me nā ipu he nui mai laila mai. Alualu lākou iā ia, kuke i ka mea hou a maloʻo hoʻi. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi ka ʻiʻo nahesa i ka palekana. Hoʻohana ʻia ka wao Shtomordnik a me ka ʻiʻo maloʻo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻEha ka waha waha ʻeha, akā paʻakikī ʻole ka make. Ma ke kahua o ka nahu, ʻike ʻia nā hematomas koʻikoʻi a me nā hemorrhages o loko. Piʻi ka mahana, akā ma hope o 5-7 mau lā holo aku nā mea āpau. Hana nā Neurotoxins i nā ʻōnaehana hanu a me nā ʻōnaehana.

ʻAno kūpono ke kōkua manawa kūpono. He weliweli loa ia no nā keiki ʻōpio, nā mea maʻi a me nā ʻelemākule. Koi ʻia ka haukapila wikiwiki. No nā lio a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, he moʻo make ka nahesa. Lawe kāna nahu i ka mea make i ka make.

Ma ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i huhū, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e kipaku iā ia i kahi hanana weliweli. ʻO ka maʻamau, nā hihia āpau o ka nahu i ka manawa o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā mea mākaʻikaʻi maikaʻi ʻole i loko o kāna panalāʻau no ko lākou noʻonoʻo ʻole. Hiki iā lākou ke hehi i ka hiʻu o ka nahesa, a laila hoʻouka ia. Ke mākaukau ka mea kolo e hoʻouka, lawe ia i kahi mea hoʻoweliweli a hoʻomaka e haʻalulu me ka piko o kāna huelo.

Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ka poʻe ʻaʻole lākou ma kā lākou panalāʻau, a me ke akahele. ʻO ka pinepine, ke ʻike nei i ka pilikia, hoʻāʻo ka mea kolo e hūnā a pale i kahi hālāwai kūpono ʻole. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia pēlā nahesa nahesa hoʻokō.

ʻAiʻai Pono

I ke ao, makemake ke kolo e bask i ka lā, ʻau i ka wai. Hoʻomaka ka ʻimi i ka ʻauinalā o ke awakea. ʻAʻole pono ka nahesa e hakakā me ka poʻe i make no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana i ka ikaika o kāna nahu, sneaks ʻo ia i luna a nahu koke ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia. Ma hope o ka nahu ʻia ʻana, aneane hiki ʻole iā ia ke neʻe.

Kōkua ʻia ka ʻimi no ka mea pio e kahi ʻōpala wela o ka mahana, nāna e hoʻomākaukau ke ala no ka mea kolo, e like me ka hoʻokele. Eia kekahi, i kēia "hoʻokele" ua hiki i ka nahesa ka maikaʻi loa. Hiki iā ia ke hāpai i kahi ʻokoʻa mahana o 2 hapaʻumi o ke kekelē.

I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea pio, ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā mea loaʻa wela iā ia, e neʻe ʻo ia i kona poʻo i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa no kekahi manawa a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lōkahi i ka hōʻailona mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. ʻO ka hopena, hopu ʻia ka laulā, ke kolo kolo a kokoke paha "ʻike" i ka nui o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia a hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka mamao iā ia. Hana ka hoʻouka me ka hala ʻole.

Hoʻopili ka shitomordnik maʻamau i nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi, ka nui o nā rodents, nā shrews, nā manu a me nā moʻo liʻiliʻi i ka papaʻai. ʻAi lākou i nā mea hiki iā lākou ke mālama. Kūleʻa lākou i ka papa kuhikuhi me nā hua manu a i nā nahesa.

ʻAi nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā invertebrates a me nā kolo. ʻO nā beetles, nā ʻenuhe, nā mea kolo e makemake nui ʻia me lākou. ʻO nā meaʻai maʻamau no nā moʻo wai ʻo nā rana, nā moʻo, nā toads, nā iʻa. E like me nā nahesa he nui, he kanibalistic pinepine lākou. ʻAi nā kānaka nui i nā mea liʻiliʻi.

I kekahi manawa i ke kūlohelohe hiki ke ʻike i kahi kiʻi: ʻo ka shitomordnik e ʻimi no kahi moʻo, kahi i ka nahele hoʻokahi e ʻimi no nā pepelu a ʻai paha i nā hua momona. Makemake ʻo ia e hopu i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia i ka manawa o kona noʻonoʻo piha i kāna pilikia.

ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola

He wā mau ka male ʻana, e hoʻomaka ana ma ʻApelila a me Mei mua. ʻO ka pinepine, 2 mau pule ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai ka hibernation. A hoʻomau a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela. ʻO ka pinepine, hakakā nā kāne no ka nānā o ka wahine. Kali ʻo ia me ke ahonui i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole kokolo i kahi ʻē. ʻO ka hope, hoʻopau maikaʻi ke kaʻina hana, a kolo nā nahesa i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa.

Hoʻāʻo ka makuahine e koho i kahi pūnaewele me ka ʻimi holoholona hana a me nā wahi hūnā paha i nā lua a me nā māwae. ʻO ke ʻano o ka makuahine i ka wā e hiki mai ana ke alakaʻi iā ia i kahi nohona ola pono. ʻO Vipers nā viviparous āpau. ʻO ka mea kūikawā o kēia mau moʻo ʻaʻole e waiho hua, akā e halihali iā lākou i loko o ko lākou mau kino a hiki i ko lākou oʻo ʻana a piha, hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe.

ʻAʻohe mea makaʻu e kālua ʻia nā hua i hoʻomoe ʻia i ka lā a, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, e paʻa i ka pō. I ʻAukake a i ka mua o ʻOkakopa, mai ka 3 a i ka 14 mau nahesa liʻiliʻi i hānau ʻia, ʻo kēlā me kēia o lākou mai 16 a 19 cm ka nui a ke kaumaha nei ma mua o 6 g. Hōʻike nā nahesa i nā pūpū translucent, a ua ʻūlū koke lākou.

ʻO ka ulu ʻōpio ʻōpio ke ʻano like me ke kala i nā mākua. Ua make ʻino lākou, akā ʻaʻole maopopo iā lākou ka nahu. Loaʻa ke oʻo makua i ka makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha. I kēia manawa, hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino i ka hapalua mika. Noho kēia mau mea kolo i 9-15 mau makahiki i ke kūlohelohe. I ka terrarium, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola.

ʻIkepili Hoihoi

  • Loaʻa kahi ʻano hoihoi o shitomordnik ma Kina. Hāpai iki ʻia kona ihu ma ka hope, e hoʻonui ana i kahi puʻupuʻu i hāpai ʻia. Ma muli o kēia, ua kāhea ʻia ʻo ia i kahi pale pale-ihu snub.
  • ʻO Shitomordniki, ke kolo nei i nā wahi noho, makemake e nānā i nā kini ʻōpala. No laila, hiki i ka vīnega o ka nahesa ke weliweli ʻaʻole wale ma muli o ka lāʻau make, akā no ka maʻi hoʻi a ka nahesa e lawe ai i loko o ka ʻeha. I kēlā me kēia hihia, pono wale i ke kauka e hoʻoholo i nā lāʻau e lawelawe ai.
  • Hiki ke kāhea ʻia ʻo Shitomordnik he haku huna. ʻO kona kala ʻana, ahonui a me ka neʻe ʻole i ka wā e ʻimi a hoʻomaha paha hiki ke waiho iā ia ke ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā mea komohewa a i ʻole ka mea e makemake ʻia ai. Ua kau aku kekahi haumāna ʻAmelika i kahi kiʻi me ka waha o ke poʻo keleawe a manaʻo e loaʻa i kēia kiʻi. ʻAʻohe mea i kope me kēia hana. Hoʻomaopopo akamai ka nahesa iā ia iho ma waena o nā lau a ʻo ka mea i māka ʻia me nā māka ma ke kiʻi ma hope iki ʻaʻole maopopo.
  • Nui a hewahewa ka ʻike ma ka Pūnaewele e pili ana i ka "weliweli" home mua - ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Project: Panacea". Ua hoʻomaka ʻia e paʻi ʻia ma Primorye mai kahi wikiō amatir i hoʻi i ka makahiki 2010, a ke loaʻa nei ka kaulana i kēia manawa. I kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona mua o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, pili ke kaula kahakai. Ua kolo hewa ʻole ʻo ia i ka set, ua ʻike nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni iā ​​ia a ua hoʻoholo lākou e "make ʻole" i ke kiʻina. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻohe mea i ʻeha, no ka mea, ʻo ka nahesa ʻāpala iho i kolo ikaika i nā poʻe.
  • ʻO kahi nahesa poʻo poʻo poʻo ʻelua i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻo ka nahesa poʻo keleawe, i hopu ʻia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻAmelika ʻo Leslie, Kentucky a aʻo ʻia ma Frankfurt, Kelemānia. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia nā poʻo ʻelua a pili i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.

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E nānā i ka wikiō: Aatha Paawela Official Video Song. RUSH. Uddika Premarathne. Asanki De Silva. Saranga Disasekara (Nowemapa 2024).