ʻO ka English Bulldog (English Bulldog a i ʻole British Bulldog) kahi ʻano o nā ʻīlio pōkole, lauoho liʻiliʻi. He ʻīlio ʻoluʻolu, mālie, kūloko lākou. Akā maikaʻi ʻole ko lākou olakino a me ka mālama ʻana i ka English Bulldog ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i nā lāhui ʻē aʻe.
ʻAukake
- Hiki i nā English Bulldogs ke paʻakikī a palaualelo. ʻAʻole hauʻoli ka poʻe mākua i ka hele wāwae, akā pono ʻoe e hele wāwae iā lākou i kēlā me kēia lā e mālama pono.
- ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻomanawanui i ka wela a me ka wela. E nānā i nā ʻōuli o ka wela ke hele wāwae a hana iki. Hoʻokomo kekahi mau mea nona ka wai anuanu i ka malu e hoʻoluʻolu i kā lākou ʻīlio. He lāhui kēia no ka mālama ʻana i ka hale wale nō, ʻaʻole ma ke alanui.
- ʻAʻole pale ka pale pōkole iā lākou mai ke anuanu.
- Hāhū lākou, wheeze, gurgle.
- Nui ka poʻe e ʻeha i ka maʻi palapū. Inā kūpikipiki ʻoe, e pilikia ana kēia.
- Hikiwawe i ka ihu pōkole a me ke ala ea i nā maʻi hanu.
- He ʻai nui lākou i ʻai ma mua o kā lākou hiki, inā loaʻa ka manawa kūpono. Loaʻa lākou i ke kaupaona me ka maʻalahi a me ka momona.
- Ma muli o ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka iwi poʻo, paʻakikī ka hānau ʻana o nā ʻīlio. Hānau ʻia ka hapa nui e ka ʻāpana caesarean.
Mōʻaukala o ka lāhui
Ua ʻike ʻia nā bulldogs mua i ka manawa i mālama ʻole ʻia ai nā puke bipi, a inā ʻo ia, a laila mamao loa ka poʻe mai ka palapala.
ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻohe mea e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka laha. ʻO nā mea a mākou e ʻike ai ua puka lākou ma kahi o ka 15 mau kenekulia a ua hoʻohana ʻia e hopu a paʻa i nā holoholona.
ʻO ka mea mua ka Old English Bulldog, ke kūpuna o nā lā hou. Me kahi ʻumikūmālua mau ʻano hānau ʻē aʻe, aia ka English Bulldog i ka hui o nā mastiff. ʻOiai he kū hoʻokahi kēlā me kēia laha, he ʻīlio nui a ikaika lākou a pau me ka hale iwi poʻo brachycephalic.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "bulldog" mua loa i loaʻa i nā puke o ka makahiki 1500, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka puana ʻana i kēlā manawa e like me "Bondogge" a me "Bolddogge". Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka pela pela i loko o kahi leka i kākau ʻia e Prestwich Eaton ma waena o 1631 a me 1632: "E kūʻai mai iaʻu i ʻelua mau bulldogs maikaʻi a hoʻouna pū me ka moku mua."
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo Pelekane "bipi" ʻo ia hoʻi ka bipi a ua ʻike ʻia i ka inoa o ka laha no ka mea ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau ʻīlio i "haʻuki koko", maunu bipi a maʻa bipi paha. Ua nakinaki ʻia ka bipi a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi ʻīlio i ona lā, nona ka hana e hopu i ka bipi i ka ihu a kaomi iā ia i ka honua.
ʻO ka bipi, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kaomi i kona poʻo a hūnā i kona ihu, ʻaʻole i ʻae i ka ʻīlio e pili aku a kali i ka manawa o kāna hoʻouka kaua ʻana. Inā kūleʻa ʻo ia, a laila lele ka ʻīlio i mau mika, a ʻike ʻia kahi ʻike maka ʻole ʻia me ka ʻole o nā ʻīlio kīnā a pepehi ʻia hoʻi.
Ua makemake nui ʻia kēia leʻaleʻa ma waena o ka lehulehu, a i loko o nā makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua loaʻa nā ʻīlio e hana ana i ka hana bipi kauō i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau. Kaha kino, poʻo nui, ʻāpana ā ikaika a me kahi ʻano pākī, paʻakikī.
Ua hōʻea kēia mau kaua i ko lākou kūlana kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 18, akā i ka 1835 ua pāpā ʻia lākou e ka Cruelty to Animals Act. Pāpā ke kānāwai i ka maunu ʻana i nā bipi, nā bea, nā puaʻa ʻāhiu, nā moa. Eia nō naʻe, lilo ka poʻe malihini i ka hana maʻa mau i kēia mau leʻaleʻa i ka Honua Hou.
ʻOiai ka lohi o ka oʻo (2-2.5 mau makahiki), ua pōkole ko lākou ola. I ka makahiki ʻelima a ʻeono paha o ke ola, ua ʻelemakule lākou inā lākou i ola i kēia makahiki. A keʻa aʻe ka Old English Bulldog me nā laha ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻīlio hopena a he waha pōkole hoʻi ma muli o kona iwi poʻo brachiocephalic.
ʻOiai ke nānā aku nei nā English Bulldogs paʻakikī, paʻakikī lākou mai ko lākou mau kūpuna hakakā. ʻAʻole ʻae kahi muz pokole iā lākou e paʻa i ka holoholona, a ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaupaona e ʻae ʻole iā lākou e kaohi.
ʻO ka hui ʻEnelani o nā mea aloha i nā bulldogs "The Bulldog Club" i kū mai 1878. Ua ʻākoakoa nā lālā o kēia hui i ka hale inu pia ma ke alanui Oxford ma Ladana. Ua kākau lākou i ke kūlana hānau mua. I ka 1894, ua mālama lākou i ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o ʻelua mau bulldogs ʻokoʻa. Holo lākou i 20 mau mile a i ʻole 32 km.
ʻO ka ʻīlio mua, ʻo King Orry ka mea i like me Old English Bulldogs, he haʻuki a māmā. ʻO ka lua, ʻo Dockleaf, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, kaumaha a ʻano like me kahi Bulldog English hou. Maʻalahi e koho i ka mea i lanakila a ʻo wai hoʻi i hiki ʻole i ka laina hoʻopau.
Wehewehe
ʻAʻohe paha ʻano e like me kēia. Pōkole ka English Bulldog, akā kaumaha kaumaha. Ma kahi e mae ai hiki i 30-40 cm, ke kaumaha o nā kāne mai 16 a 27 kg, bitches mai 15 a 25 kg.
ʻO kēia ka maʻa kaulike no nā holoholona i ke ʻano maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka poʻe obese. Ma UK, e like me ka maʻamau maʻamau, pono ke kaupaona nā kāne i 23 kg, wahine 18 kg. I ka USA, ʻae nā pae maʻamau no nā kāne he 20-25 kg ke kaupaona, no nā bitches makua ma kahi o 20 kg.
He ʻīlio squat nui loa kēia, ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau pahu i ka honua ʻīlio. Muscular loa lākou, ʻoiai ʻaʻole nānā pinepine lākou e like me kēlā. Pōkole nā wāwae, kekee pinepine. He ākea ko lākou umauma, a ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole haʻi ʻia ka ʻāʻī. He pōkole loa ka huelo, mai 2.5 a 7 cm a hiki ke pololei, ʻōwili.
Aia ke poʻo ma ka ʻāʻī mānoanoa a pōkole loa. ʻO ka poʻo ponoʻī nui, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke kino, i ka laulā a me ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ko lākou poʻo poʻohiwi a huinahā ke ʻano o ka lāhui. ʻO kēia iwi poʻo he ʻano brachiocephalic, ʻo ia hoʻi, he waha pokole kā lākou.
I kekahi, pōkole loa ia i pa iki mai ka iwi poʻo. Hoʻonoho pinepine ʻia nā niho lalo ma mua o nā niho o luna a lalo ka lāhui. ʻOiai ka hapanui o nā mea hānai e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻīlio me nā niho haʻahaʻa e ʻike ʻia ke pani ʻia ka iwi ā, maʻamau kēia.
Maʻule ka lehelehe, e lele ana ke ʻano, uhi ʻia ka waha ponoʻī me nā mimiki hohonu a mānoanoa. Nui a hewahewa kēia mau wrinkle i kekahi manawa e huna ai lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ka laha. Liʻiliʻi nā maka, lū.
Liʻiliʻi a pōkole nā pepeiao, mamao loa mai nā maka. I kekahi e kau nei lākou, i kekahi e kū nei lākou, i kekahi mau ʻīlio e kuhikuhi ʻia i mua, i kekahi i ka ʻaoʻao, a i hope paha i hope. ʻO ka manaʻo nui o ka helehelena ma waena o ka hoʻoweliweli a me ke komik.
Uhi ke kapa i ke kino holoʻokoʻa, pōkole a pololei, kokoke i ke kino. ʻIke palupalu a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi ia. Nui nā kala a loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea kāna pā. Wahi a nā kūlana AKC a me UKC, pono ke kala fawn-brindle i ka English Bulldog maikaʻi.
Akā, ma waho o ia, aia kekahi: ʻano ʻokoʻa (ʻulaʻula - keʻokeʻo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), monochromatic (keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula) a i ʻole nā pilikia - kahi hoʻopiʻi monochromatic me kahi pale ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka muʻu ʻeleʻele. I kekahi manawa aia nā ʻīlio o ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ke kala, hōʻole ʻia lākou e ka hapa nui o nā kalapu (ʻoi aku nā ʻeleʻele).
Akā, i ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa lākou i nā bulldogs maʻamau a maikaʻi loa e like me nā holoholona.
ʻAno
He paʻakikī e loaʻa kahi lāhui ʻē aʻe i loli nui i ke ʻano i nā makahiki 150 i hala. Ua hele aku ʻo English Bulldogs mai kahi ʻīlio haʻuki a weliweli hoʻi, he koa hakakā i kahi hoa palaualelo a maikaʻi hoʻi. ʻO ka mea mua, he ʻohana a pili ka poʻe, makemake e noho pū me ia i nā manawa āpau.
Makemake kekahi o lākou e piʻi i loko o ko lākou mau lima e like me nā pōpoki. He mea hoʻomākeʻaka a kaumaha iki hoʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e kaupaona. Pono nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ka lumi me ka ʻohana, akā e moe ana ma ka moe.
ʻO ka hapa nui e hoʻomanawanui i nā malihini a, me ka launa kūpono ʻana, mahalo a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi. Kaukaʻi nui ʻia i ke ʻano kikoʻī, aloha kekahi i nā mea āpau a hana koke i mau hoaaloha, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe i paʻa a alo ʻia hoʻi. ʻAʻole paʻakikī lākou i nā kānaka, akā hiki ke lilo i ka ʻāina a loaʻa ka huhū o ka meaʻai. Paipai nā Breeders e hānai i nā ʻīlio ma waho o ke alo o nā keiki a mau holoholona ʻē aʻe e hōʻalo ai i nā pilikia.
ʻOkoʻa ka maikaʻi o ka kiaʻi kiaʻi mai ka ʻīlio a i ka ʻīlio paha. He palaualelo a hoihoi ʻole kekahi e hāʻawi ʻole i kahi hōʻailona iki e pili ana i ka helehelena o kahi malihini ma ka puka o ka puka. Kiaʻi kekahi i ka hale a hana i ka leo no ka nānā ʻana. Hoʻokahi a lākou mea like a pau - hae lākou, ʻaʻole naʻe nahu, a he wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā Bulldog English i hiki ke lilo i poʻe kiaʻi maikaʻi.
Hoʻohui maikaʻi nā Bulldogs me nā keiki, palupalu lākou me lākou a hoʻomanawanui i nā ʻoihana. Akā, pono ia e aʻo i ke keiki pehea e hana ai me kahi ʻīlio. Me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka meaʻai i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei a me ka hoʻouka kaua kūloko, ʻo ka hapanui e launa maikaʻi me nā keiki, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pāʻani loa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou pāʻani nui i ke kumu.
Hele maikaʻi nā ʻīlio o kēia wā me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kā ka lāhui i nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūpono, noho maluhia lākou me lākou. Makemake lākou i ka hui o nā ʻīlio. Hiki i kekahi mau pilikia ma muli o ka teritori a me ka nui ma muli o ka huhū o ka meaʻai.
Hiki ke hana i ka huhū moekolohe ma kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā kāne e pili ana i nā ʻīlio o ka wahine like, a hiki ke hele i lalo i nā hakakā. Hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia e ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a castration paha.
Hele pū lākou me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano hunter haʻahaʻa a maikaʻi ʻole lākou. Kākaʻikahi ka hana ʻana i nā pilikia no nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, ʻoi loa nā pōpoki. Inā kamaʻāina ka bulldog me ka pōpoki, a laila haʻalele wale ia iā ia.
No ka mea a lākou e ʻike ai ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a me ke aʻo ʻana. ʻO ka paʻakikī paha o nā ʻīlio āpau. Inā ua hoʻoholo ka bulldog ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia i kekahi mea, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau i kēia. Hoʻopilikia kēia paʻakikī i ke aʻo ʻana i nā kauoha hou a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka poʻe i aʻo ʻia.
Hoʻomaopopo lākou i nā kauoha hoʻolohe me ka ʻole o nā pilikia, akā ʻaʻole lākou iki iki e hoʻolohe. ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻike, hana mau me nā ʻīlio ʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau i kēlā mau mea no ka hoʻokūkū hoʻolohe (hoʻolohe.
Akā loaʻa pū kekahi iā lākou nā hana hewa. ʻAʻole holo pono ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana no lākou, hōʻole loa nā bulldogs iā ia. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka maikaʻi, akā ʻike pinepine lākou ʻaʻole lawa nā mea maikaʻi e hoʻopau i ke kauoha.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia he lāhui koʻikoʻi, hoʻoholo pololei lākou i nā kauoha a kēlā kanaka e hiki ai ke nānā ʻole. A paʻakikī loa, a laila lilo lākou i mea hoʻowahāwahā loa. No kēia kumu, pono mau ka mea nona kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe he pae ikehu haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia kahi sloths palaualelo loa i ka honua ʻīlio. Makemake ka hapa nui o lākou e moe i ka moena, ma mua o ka jogging i ka ulu lāʻau. A hiki iā lākou ke hiamoe i ka lā holoʻokoʻa, ke kiʻi nei i nā pōpoki i kēia mea.
ʻAʻole pāʻani nā pākeke makua, a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke holo iā lākou ma hope o ka lāʻau. Inā no ka hapanui o nā laha he pilikia ia e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana, a laila no ka English Bulldog ka mea maʻalahi iā ia e hana i kekahi mea. E hoʻolōʻihi mālie ma hope o ka mea ʻona, ʻo ia ka nui o.
A ʻo ka mea nāna e aloha ka holo ʻana he pōʻino maoli ia na lākou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono lākou i kēia, no ka mea, alakaʻi ia i nā pilikia me nā maʻi hanu a me nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal.
ʻOiai aia kekahi mau mea maikaʻi, maikaʻi lākou no ka noho ʻana i ke keʻena. ʻO nā ʻohana me ka hana haahaa e hauʻoli me lākou, a ʻo ka poʻe e pono ai ka huakaʻi a me ka pīhoihoi e koho pono i kahi lāhui ʻokoʻa.
ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka poʻe maʻemaʻe a wikiwiki hoʻi. Lolo lākou a hiki ke loaʻa mau ma nā papahele a me nā lako hale, ʻoiai ʻaʻole like me ka English Mastiff. Hoʻopīpī lākou i ka wai ke ʻai lākou a inu hoʻi, akā hiki ke kaniʻuhū ke kani loa.
E like me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe me nā ihu pōkole, ʻeha nā Bulldogs i nā pilikia hanu a hiki ke hana i nā kani ʻano ʻē: ka hū ʻana, ka namunamu ʻana, a me nā mea like. Eia hou, ua ʻū nui lākou a hāʻawi lākou aloha lākou i ka hiamoe, ke kali nei nā trills lōʻihi a me nā leo nui iā ʻoe.
Akā ʻo ka mea e makaʻu maoli ai i ka poʻe squeamish ka pālahalaha. ʻO ka Enekini Bulldogs kinoea pinepine, he nui a pilau. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻohuli ʻia e ka papaʻai, akā ʻaʻole ia e pio loa a hiki i kekahi mau mea nona ke ʻōlelo e mālama kā lākou ʻīlio i ke kinoea.
Mālama
Kūpono ʻole, ʻaʻole lākou e pono i nā lawelawe o kahi kāne hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻoihana. Akā, ʻeha kekahi o lākou i nā maʻi ʻili a laila pono ka mālama pono. ʻOiai ʻaʻole pilikia nui ka ʻahuʻula ʻoiai pōkole a maʻalahi, hiki ke hana ʻia me ka ʻili ma ka maka.
Ma muli o ka nui o nā wili, ka wai, ka meaʻai, ka lepo, ka hamo a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i komo i loko o lākou. I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka hoʻohaumia a me ka maʻi, pono e holoi iā lākou ma ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā, a kūpono ma hope o kēlā me kēia pāʻina.
Ola
Maikaʻi ke olakino olakino English Bulldogs. ʻEha lākou i nā maʻi like ʻole, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou koʻikoʻi i loko o lākou ma mua o nā lāhui ʻē aʻe. He pilikia koʻikoʻi kēia e koi nei nā kaiāulu pono holoholona i nā loli i ke kūlana laha, a i ʻole pāpā ʻana i ka hoʻouluulu holoʻokoʻa.
Ua loli wale lākou i ka maoli a kūlohelohe i loaʻa i ka ʻīlio hae. Ma muli o ko lākou kino poʻo iwi brachiocephalic, ʻeha lākou i nā pilikia hanu, a ʻo nā pilikia me ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal ka hoʻoilina o nā iwi i kapa ʻia.
ʻEha lākou i nā maʻi genetical, ʻo ka mea hoʻi e hoʻopili i ka ʻili a me ka hanu ʻana. ʻO ka mālama ʻana he mau manawa ke kumu kūʻai aku ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i kahi lāhui ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ke kumukūʻai o ka lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau i kahi denari maikaʻi.
Pau kēia mau pilikia i ke ola pōkole. ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kalapu a me nā pūnaewele i koi i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania e ola ana i nā makahiki 8-12, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā noiʻi he 6.5 mau makahiki, i nā manawa like ʻole 10-11.
ʻO kahi laʻana, kahi noiʻi 2004 UK o 180 ʻīlio i loaʻa i ka makahiki awelika o 6.3 mahina. Ma waena o nā kumu nui o ka make ʻana: cardiac (20%), cancer (18%), makahiki (9%).
ʻO ka waha i hoʻopōkole ʻia a me ke poʻo nui i alakaʻi i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole hiki i nā Bulldogs ke hoʻopiha i ko lākou mau māmā me ka ea a ua pōkole pinepine i ka hanu. Ma muli o kēia, honi lākou, ʻuwī, hāu a hana i nā leo ʻano ʻē. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka hana kino, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ko lākou mau māmā ke hoʻouna i ka nui o ka oxygen i nā io.
Kōkua ka hanu ʻana i nā ʻīlio e hōʻalili, a he pilikia kēia no ka laha pū kekahi. Pilikia loa lākou i ka wela, i nā aniau wela a i nā mahina kau wela, pono ke nānā pono ʻia ka Bulldog. Pono lākou i ka nui o ka wai a me ka malu, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka ʻīlio i ka lā kūpono.
Make pinepine nā Bulldogs mai ka heatstroke! Loaʻa iā lākou kahi huna i loko o ko lākou ʻāʻī e paʻakikī e hanu paʻakikī. Maule ka ʻīlio a make paha. Koi koke ʻia e lawe iā ia i ka vet.
Pono ʻia ka ea a me ka ea e mālama pono i ka ʻīlio. ʻO ka hulu o ka bulldogs ka nui ma o kā lākou mau pale wāwae, a no laila makemake i nā papa anu. E like me nā ʻanoʻano brachycephalic āpau, maʻalahi lākou i ka wela a make hiki i ka hyperthermia. Pono e mālama ka mea nona kēia i ka noʻonoʻo a mālama i ka ʻīlio i kahi palekana.
Nui loa ke poʻo a hiki ʻole ke hānau ʻia. Ma kahi o 80% o nā litters e hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻāpana caesarean. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā wrinkle maka i kēlā me kēia lā e pale i nā maʻi. A hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka huelo i loko o ke kino e pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a lubricated ka anus.
ʻO kahi mamao o ko lākou kino mai ka nui o ka ʻīlio hae a ʻeha lākou i nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal. Me ka hānai kūpono ʻole a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, hana nā iwi me nā loli, alakaʻi pinepine ʻia i ka ʻeha a me ka ʻino ma ka makahiki. ʻAneʻane ʻeha nā kānaka āpau i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā maʻi hui ʻē aʻe, ulu pinepine lākou i ka makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha makahiki.
ʻO ka mea ʻoi loa ka weliweli, ʻo ia ka hip dysplasia, kahi e hōʻino ʻole ai i ka bursa. ʻO kēia ke alakaʻi i ka ʻeha a me ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻole, me nā loli nui i ka ʻino.
Wahi a nā helu helu mai ka Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals, ma 467 Bulldogs i ʻike ʻia ma waena o 1979 a me 2009, 73.9% ka mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi maʻi hip. ʻO kēia ka pākēneka kiʻekiʻe loa o nā ʻano ʻīlio āpau, akā manaʻo kekahi mau loea hiki i nā helu ke kiʻekiʻe.
Kūʻē i ke kāʻei kua o nā mea i luna, ʻaʻohe mea maikaʻi ʻole nā cist ma waena o nā manamana lima. ʻOiai ʻike ʻia lākou i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana a hemo maʻalahi ʻia e ke kahakaha.
