ʻO ka biology, e like me nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe, waiwai i nā huaʻōlelo kikoʻī. ʻO nā mea maʻalahi a puni ʻoe a me aʻu e kapa ʻia ai he mau huaʻōlelo hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia. I kēia ʻatikala, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana ʻo wai lākou hopena a ʻo wai ka mea hiki ke kapa ʻia kēlā huaʻōlelo.
He aha ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo "endemik"?
ʻO Endemic kahi ʻano mea kanu a holoholona paha i loaʻa ma kahi palena nui. ʻO kahi laʻana, inā noho kekahi holoholona i kahi ma kahi o nā haneli mau mile a ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi ʻē aʻe o ka Honua, he hopena ia.
ʻO kahi nohona palena e pili ana i ka noho ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. ʻO nā holoholona o ka ʻano like, e noho nei, ma kahi laʻana, i nā zoo ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole e hemo i ka "poʻo inoa" o ka endemik mai kā lākou mau hoa mai ka honua hihiu, manuahi.
ʻO Koala ka hopena o Australia
Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai nā endemics
ʻO ka kaohi ʻana i nā wahi noho o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu kahi paʻakikī paʻakikī o nā kumu like ʻole. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, he hoʻokaʻawale ʻāina a i ʻole kaʻilikai ia, kahi e pale ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā laha ma nā wahi ākea. ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi loa o ia ʻano he mokupuni.
ʻO ia nā mokupuni i ulu pinepine i nā mea kanu hopena a me nā holoholona i ola wale ma laila a ma kahi ʻē aʻe. I ka hōʻea ʻana i kēia ʻāpana o ka ʻāina i nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i ka ʻāina nui. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kūlana ma ka mokupuni e ʻae i kahi holoholona a mea kanu ʻaʻole wale nō e ola, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā keiki, ke hoʻomau nei i kona ʻano.
Nui nā ʻano o ke kiʻi ʻana i ka mokupuni - no ka laʻana, hiki i nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu laha ʻole ke lele i lalo a i ʻole nā ʻūlū o nā manu. Pau nā holoholona i nā mokupuni, mahalo i nā pōpilikia kūlohelohe, e laʻa me ke kahe ʻana o ka ʻāina i noho ai lākou ma mua.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā poʻe wai, a laila ʻo ke kūlana kūpono no ke kū ʻana o kahi ʻano endemikā he kino wai paʻa. ʻO ka loko, i hoʻopiha ʻia me ke kōkua o nā pūawai a ʻaʻohe ona pilina me nā kahawai a i ʻole nā kahawai, kahi home pinepine ia i nā invertebrates a iʻa ʻole.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kumu o ka helehelena o endemics e hoʻopili ai i kahi aniau kikoʻī, me ka ʻole e hiki ʻole ke ola o kekahi ʻano laha. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e noho nei kekahi mau mea ola i kekahi mau wahi o kā mākou honua i kahi wahi i kaupalena ʻia i mau mile.
Nā laʻana o endemics
Nui a hewahewa nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu ma nā mokupuni kai. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ma mua o 80% o nā mea kanu ma Saint Helena i ka Moana ʻAkelanika he endemik. Ma nā mokupuni ʻo Galapagos, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano o ia ʻano - a i 97%. I Lūkia, he waiwai maoli ʻo Lake Baikal o ka flora a me nā holoholona. Ma aneʻi, 75% o nā meaola a me nā mea kanu e hiki ke kapa ʻia he endemik. ʻO kekahi o nā mea kaulana a kupaianaha ʻo ka sila Baikal.
ʻO ka sila Baikal - hopena i Lake Baikal
Aia pū kekahi ma waena o nā endemics nā paleoendemics a me nā neoendemics. No laila, ʻo nā holoholona he mau holoholona a me nā mea kanu i ola mai ka wā kahiko a, no ka hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻana, ʻokoʻa loa ia mai nā ʻano like, akā ua ulu aʻe nā ʻano mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Ma ka nānā ʻana iā lākou, hiki i nā ʻepekema ke loaʻa i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā laha. Pākuʻi ʻo Paleoendemics, i laʻana, coelacanth. He iʻa i manaʻo ʻia e nalo ana ma mua o 60 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, akā ʻike wale ʻia ʻole ʻia i nā wahi ʻelua ma ka honua me kahi wahi palena palena ʻole. He ʻokoʻa loa ia mai nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, "hou".
ʻO nā Neoendemics nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona i lilo i kaʻawale a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomohala ʻokoʻa mai nā ʻano like i kū ʻole i ka hoʻokaʻawale. ʻO ka sila Baikal, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, no ka neoendemic ia.
Nā ʻatikala endemik
- Nā Endemics o ʻApelika
- ʻO Endemics o Lūkia
- Nā Endemics o ʻAmelika Hema
- Nā Hopena o Crimea
- Nā Endemics o Baikal
- Hopena iā ʻAukekulia
