ʻO ka ʻili o ka honua ʻaʻole ia he mea hiki ke hoʻololi ʻole, monumental a neʻe ʻole. Aia ka lithosfer i nā hana like ʻole o ka launa pū ʻana o kekahi ʻōnaehana me kekahi. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau phenomena i manaʻo ʻia he mau hana endogenous, nona ka inoa i unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Latina mai "internal", ʻaʻole pili i ka mana o waho. Pili pili pono ia ʻano hana hulihonua i nā loli hohonu i loko o ka poepoe honua, e hana ʻia ana ma lalo o ka mana o nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, umekaumaha a me ka nui o ka iwi o ka lithosfer.
Nā ʻano o nā kaʻina hana endogenous
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hana endogenous e like me ke ala o ko lākou hōʻike:
- magmatism - ka neʻe ʻana o ka magma i ka papa luna o ka honua honua a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i luna;
- nā ōlaʻi e hoʻololi nui i ke kūpaʻa o ke kōkua;
- nā fluctuations i ka magma i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka umekaumaha a me nā hopena physicochemical paʻakikī i loko o ka honua.
Ma ke ʻano he hopena o nā kaʻina hana endogenous, hiki i nā ʻano deformation āpau o nā paepae a me nā pā tectonic. Pākuʻi lākou kekahi i kekahi, e hana ana i nā pelu, a i ʻole haki. A laila ʻike ʻia nā kaumaha nui ma luna o ka honua. ʻO ia hana ʻaʻole hāʻawi wale i ka hoʻololi i ke kōkua o ka honua, akā pili pū kekahi i ka hana aniani o nā pōhaku he nui.
Nā hana endogenous a me ka biosystem
Hoʻopili nā metamorphose āpau i loko o ka honua i ka mokuʻāina o ka honua mea kanu a me nā meaola ola. No laila, hiki i nā hū ʻana o ka magma a me nā huahana o ka hana lua pele ke hoʻololi nui i nā kaiaolaola e pili kokoke ana i ko lākou mau wahi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, e luku ana i nā wahi āpau o ke ola ʻana o kekahi ʻano flora a me nā holoholona. ʻO nā ʻōlaʻi e alakaʻi i ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka hū o ka honua a me nā kai eʻe, e koi ana he mau kaukani mau ola o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona, e kahili aku ana i nā mea āpau i kona ala.
I ka manawa like, mahalo i ke ʻano o ke kālaihonua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā waihona mineral ma luna o ka lithosfer:
- nā piʻipiʻi metala makamae - gula, kālā, platinum;
- nā waihona o nā pono hana - nā aila o ka hao, keleawe, kēpau, kēpau a me nā mea a pau i komo i ka papa manawa kau;
- nā ʻano shale āpau a me nā pālolo i piha i ke kēpau, uranium, potassium, phosphorū a me nā mea pono e pono ai no ke kanaka a me ka honua mea kanu;
- nā daimana a me kekahi mau pōhaku makamae i loaʻa ʻole i nā mea hoʻonaninani wale nō, akā i ka waiwai kūpono i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāhui.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei kekahi mau ʻepekema e haku i nā mea kaua hohonu e hoʻohana ana i nā minelala i hiki ke hana i nā ōlaʻi a i ʻole nā luaʻi pele. He mea weliweli ke noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā hopena i hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi i hiki i kēia i ke kanaka āpau.
