Kāhea ʻia nā ʻano o nā haualaki ʻōhiʻa he abalone, ka ʻōlio a i ʻole nā ʻalalā lāʻau a ʻo kekahi o nā huaʻaleʻa ʻai maʻamau. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā hua ʻōmaka e nā kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, he mea maʻamau ka mea kanu i nā mahiʻai a ma nā home pākahi ma Hikina Hema Asia, ʻEulopa a me ʻApelika. ʻO ke kaulana ma muli o ka maʻalahi a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa o ka mahi ʻana, palatability a me ka pono biological kiʻekiʻe.
Wehewehe
ʻIno kino ka pāpale mushroom ʻo Oyster. I ka mua, ua kuhi, a laila ua laumania. I nā hiʻohiʻona mākua, loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano o ka pūpū (i ka Latin ostreatus - ʻoyster) e like me ka ʻōlapa.
ʻO ka papa o nā pāpale mushroom e laumania a hinuhinu hoʻi, wavy. I ka hoʻomaka o ka ulu ʻana, ʻokoʻa ka pāpale mai ka wāwae. Lawe ia i ke ʻano o ka ʻōpena, a laila hoʻololi ʻia i loko o kahi spatula a i ʻole ʻano peʻapeʻa ke hiki ke oʻo i ka mākeke. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kaumaha ma luna.
Nā wāwae uʻi ʻōpapa
Mānoanoa a kūpaʻa hoʻi ka wāwae. He lahilahi ia mai luna, a mānoanoa ma ke kumu. Uhi ʻia ke kumu me ka maikaʻi, keʻokeʻo i lalo. ʻO kahi o ka hoʻopili o ka pāpale i ka wāwae ka eccentric mau, aia ma kahi o ke kikowaena.
Hymenophore
Mānoanoa nā gills, lālā a holo ma kahi o ka peduncle. Hoʻolālā nā gills mai ka kirima-keʻokeʻo i ka niho ʻelepani a keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ke kino hua momona oysys
Mānoanoa akā ʻoluʻolu ka ʻiʻo o nā lau. Keʻokeʻo ke kala, ʻoluʻolu ka pilau, ʻono ka ʻono. ʻAʻole ʻala loa ka mushroom a aneane ʻaʻohe pilau.
Nā koho waihoʻoluʻu Mushroom
ʻO ke kala o ka pāpale o ka mushroom oyster mai ka hina ʻeleʻele me nā kinikini poni i ke kala o ke kukui a me nā hazelnut ʻeleʻele.
Lāmaki ʻōpelu poni
ʻO ka leo e lawe ai ka mushroom he brownish-dark, brownish-reddish, mai ka poni ʻulaʻula a i ka blue-blue i ka pae hope loa o ka ulu fetal. Ma mua o ka make, hele a keʻokeʻo ka hakea.
Nūmū hau ʻāhinahina
Hoʻonui maikaʻi ʻia ka wāwae a pōkole hoʻi. Ma muli o ke ʻano o nā cylindrical kūlike ʻole, he squat ka mushroom.
ʻO nā wā oʻo o ka ohio ohio
ʻO ka wā o ka ulu ʻana a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā lau nahele i ka hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo. ʻO ka maʻa mau nā hua oyster i hua i ka hopena o ke kau, a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka wā ulu a hiki i ka puna. Hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻomohala e ka hau, akā inā hoʻomehana ke aniau, hoʻomaka koke ka mea ulu i ka ulu.
ʻO kahi noho o ka hau ʻiʻaka
ʻO ka mushroom Oyster kahi fungus saprophytic a i kekahi manawa wale nō he fungus parasite. Hoʻopili ia i nā ʻaʻa o nā popela a me nā mulberry. Hoʻomohala nā hāhi ʻōpelu i nā hui liʻiliʻi, pili loa kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ka pinepine, ahu ʻia nā pāpale mushroom ma luna o kekahi, e like me nā shingles ma luna o ka hale.
Hoʻonui kēia mau fungi ma luna o nā kumu a ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka honua. Kū lākou i nā lāʻau deciduous a kākaʻikahi wale nō. Kūleʻa pū kekahi i nā puʻupuʻu ʻōhi i nā paka o ke kūlanakauhale, ma nā kaʻe o nā alanui a me nā ala nui. Ulu kēia mushroom mai ka pāpū a i nā mauna a ʻaʻohe pilikia i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua ʻōhi.
Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia ka hū ʻōpaka i nā ululāʻau mahana a subtropical a puni ka honua, ʻaʻole ulu ka mū ma ka Pākīpika Komohana Hema o ʻAmelika Hema. He saprophyte ia e hoʻopau kūlohelohe i ka lāʻau make, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea kanu deciduous a beech.
ʻO ka hānai ʻōpelu kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia i nā hua liʻiliʻi karnivorous. Pepehi a mycelium i ka nematodes, ka mea a ka biologists i manaʻo ai ke ala e loaʻa ai ka hau hau i ka fungus.
Ulu nā ʻalalā ʻōhiʻa ma nā wahi he nui, akā hoʻomohala kekahi mau ʻano i nā kolone ma nā lāʻau wale nō.
Ulu pinepine kēia fungus ma ka make ʻana i nā lāʻau deciduous, hana ia ma luna o lākou wale nō saprophytic, a ʻaʻole parasitically. Ma muli o ka make ʻana o ka kumulāʻau mai nā kumu ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i nā ʻulā ʻōhiʻa i kahi ulu ulu nui o nā lāʻau make a make no ka ulu ʻana. Pōmaikaʻi maoli ka mau ʻalalā ʻōhiʻa i ka nahele, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka lāʻau make, a hoʻihoʻi i nā mea waiwai a me nā minelala i ke kaiaolaola i kahi ʻano kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea kanu a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe.
Ke ulu nei i nā hua ʻōhi ʻōhiʻa ma ka home
No nā mea ulu ulu, kūʻai aku nā hale kūʻai i nā pahu / ʻeke me nā substrate a me nā spore mushroom a me ka maʻalahi e ulu ma ka home.
Maikaʻi loa ka mahiʻai Mushroom no ka waihona kālā ʻohana. ʻElua ala e ulu ai i kēia a me nā fungus. ʻO ka hana mua ka mahiʻai "manual" ma ka honua i kahi māla mea kanu a hale hoʻomehana honua paha. ʻO ka lua, paipai ʻia, ʻo ia ka "ʻoihana" mahi ʻana e hoʻohana ana i nā substrates (bales) i hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia e nā ʻoihana no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka home.
Ke ulu lima nei i nā hua ʻōhi ʻōhiʻu "ma ka honua"
I ke kau anuanu, ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā kumu, mai ka poplar paha, me ke anawaena o ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 cm. He mea nui ka wā hoʻoilo no ka mea pono ka lāʻau i ka ulu ʻana. Ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana, mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala i kahi wahi malumalu i kahi kū i luna e kali nei i ka hoʻohana ʻana, ma waena o ʻApelila a me Iune e kū ai.
Ua ʻoki ʻia nā māhele 30 cm mai nā kumu, ʻeli ʻia nā lua 1 mika ākea a 120 cm ka hohonu. Kau ʻia kahi papa o ka mycelium mushroom ma lalo o ka lua, a kau ʻia nā pahu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma luna. A laila kekahi papa o mycelium a me ke kumu, a pēlā aku. Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao i luna me nā papa a ninini ʻia kahi papa he 15 cm o ka lepo.
ʻO ka wela a me ke onaona e kūkulu i loko o ka lua e maʻalahi ai ka hohola ʻana o ka mycelium ma luna o nā lāʻau o loko. I Kepakemapa, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā pahu a kanu kekahi i kēlā me kēia manawa e 15 cm, ma kahi mamao o 30 cm mai kēlā me kēia. Ma hope ma kahi o iwakālua mau lā, e hoʻomaka ana e ulu nā ʻulu oys, e hana hou i kēlā me kēia kau.
Ke ulu nei i nā hua ʻōmaka ma kahi substrate ʻoihana i nā ʻeke
ʻO kēia ʻano o ka mahi ʻana, ka mea a kēlā me kēia e hoʻohana ʻoluʻolu ai i ka hale, me ka ʻole o ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lepo a i ʻole kahi kaʻawale i ka pā.
I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia nā kumu ʻokiʻoki, akā ʻeke me kahi substrate me ka mauʻu mai ke kulina, ka palaoa a me nā legume. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia hui me nā moʻomeheu mycelium a laila waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pahu ea.
Mākaukau ka bale i kēia ala no ka incubation, hala kēia manawa ma kahi o 20 mau lā a kū i kahi me kahi mahana o 25 ° C. Ke komo koke ka mycelium i loko o ka ʻeke holoʻokoʻa me ka substrate, e hemo i ka plastic a waiho i ka ʻeke ma luna o kahi waihona ma kahi lā a i hoʻomālamalama ʻia i ka mahana ma kahi o 15 ° C.
E ulu ana nā ʻalalā ʻōhiʻa i nā pōʻai i nā ʻeke o substrate. Hoʻopau ʻia ka wā ulu e kahi kulu o ka mahana wela.
3 mau ala e ulu ai i nā ʻulu oyster - wikiō
ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻalalā ʻōmaka
ʻAno maʻalahi, ʻano ʻōpelu e like me nā ʻalalika ʻōhi kuke, a kamaʻilio kekahi poʻe e pili ana i kahi ʻono o ka iʻa iʻa. Manaʻo nā gourmets he ʻaʻala anise ka nā aniani o ka hau ʻono.
Maalea nā ʻono ʻelua a ʻike ʻole ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻalalā i kahi papa nui. Ma ke ʻano laulā, he ʻono mālie me nā puʻu oyster me kahi haʻahaʻa o ka honua.
Nā meaʻai ʻalalā ʻōyster
ʻO ka hoihoi gastronomic i nā momona ma muli o nā kumu ʻelua. ʻO ka mea mua, maikaʻi ka ʻai ʻana. ʻO ka lua, maʻalahi ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻulu ohio.
Hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā pulupulu ʻōpena i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine ʻia nā pūlehu i hoʻomoʻa ʻia, ʻai ʻia i nā kuke he nui a puni ka honua. Ma ke ʻano he kuʻina, hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā hua moa ʻōhiʻa, palaoa ʻia me ka waiūpaka, a i ʻole kāpī ʻia. ʻIke pū lākou i ka mālama ʻia i ka aila.
Paipai nā loea culinary e hoʻolei i ka wāwae, no ka mea ʻaʻole palupalu a paʻakikī loa ia. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a ʻoki ʻia nā ʻalalā ʻōhi, e like me nā ʻano laulā ʻē aʻe.
ʻAilika hauʻeli
ʻOi aku nā momona oyster no ka panning me ka ʻole o nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe. Pālei pū ʻia lākou me he mea lā he mau cutlets, keu hoʻi inā he mau hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio palupalu lākou.
ʻO nā hua hau ʻōpaka i ka mea ʻala
Ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana no kekahi mau minuke, ʻai ʻia nā ʻulā, ʻai ʻia me ka aila, lemona, ka paʻakai a me ka pepa.
Nā hua ʻaihue i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
Ma hope o kekahi mau minuke o ke kuke kuke ʻana, ninini ʻia nā nāhelehele me ka mayonnaise a hoʻowali ʻia me ka pāhiri a me nā aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo finely. E hoʻolapalapa i nā hua ʻōlika no kēia meaʻai, e hoʻohui i ka vīnega me ka paʻakai a me ka pepa i ka wai. Paipai nā chefs ʻoihana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio.
ʻO nā momona oysys i kaʻaila
ʻO nā momona oyster, ke waiho i loko o ka ʻaila a i ka vīnega paha, e hoʻomau i ko lākou ʻiʻo. Mahalo i kēia waiwai, kūpono nā fungus oyster no ka hoʻopihapiha ʻana, nā salake laiki, a me nā papa hana ʻē aʻe.
ʻAlohi hau ohio maloʻo
Kūpono nō hoʻi kēia mau mushroom no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana a me ka wili ʻana. I kēia hihia, pono e hoʻohui i nā paila mushroom iʻoi aku ka meaʻala ma mua o nā momona oyster i ka hui.
ʻO ka waiwai kūpono a me nā lāʻau o nā ʻalalā ʻōhiʻa
No ka 100 mau loulou o nā hua hou, aia:
- 38 mau calorie
- 15-25 g o ka protein;
- 6.5 g nā haʻamoa;
- 2.2 g momona;
- 2.8 g puluniu;
- 0.56 mg thiamine;
- 0.55 mg riboflavin;
- 12.2 mg niacin;
- Phosphorous 140 mg;
- 28 mg kalipuna;
- 1.7 mg hao.
He nui ka nui o nā huaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i nā kamaki ʻoyster. E like me ka nui o nā momona i ʻai ʻia, he kumu maikaʻi loa ia o ka protein, nā pākiki a me nā fiber a haʻahaʻa i ka momona. Hoʻohālikelike ka hui mineral o nā ʻalalā e like me ka laha a me nā substrates i hoʻohana ʻia.
Ma ke ʻano he mau, nā ʻalalā ʻōhiʻa i nā minelala aʻe: Ca, Mg, P, K, Fe, Na, Zn, Mn a me Se. ʻO lākou kekahi kumu o nā huaora B1 a me B2, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine a me niacin.
Manaʻo ʻia nā fungus ʻoysys he meaʻai kūpono no ko lākou hiki ke loaʻa i kahi hopena maikaʻi i ke olakino kanaka. Hōʻike kekahi mau pepa ʻepekema e pili ana i ka antimicrobial a me nā antiviral waiwai o nā hua ʻōhiu. Ua kāohi kā lākou methanol extracts i ka ulu ʻana o Bacillus megaterium, S. aureus, E. coli, Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, a me Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Ubiquitin, he protein antiviral, loaʻa pū ʻia i loko o ke kino hua hua ohio. Eia kekahi, loaʻa nā fungi i nā ribonucleases, kahi e luku ai i nā mea kūlohelohe o ka maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe kanaka (HIV). ʻO ka lectin protein, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke kino hua o ka ʻulu oyster, kahi hopena like.
Loaʻa nā polysaccharides mai ka mycelium mushroom oyster e hōʻike i ka hana antitumor. Ua ʻike nā kauka i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi 76% o nā hunaola tumo ke komo ʻia kahi polysaccharide mai loko mai o ka moʻo moʻomeheu i nāʻiole wahine albino Swiss.
He mea nui nō ia i hōʻike ʻia nā hana ʻalalike ʻōmaka i ka hana antitumor e kūʻē i kekahi ʻano sarcomas o ka akemāmā a me ka cervix. ʻO nā pae antioxidant i loko o nā kino hua i hōʻike ʻia he kiʻekiʻe aʻe ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻalalā kalepa ʻē aʻe.
Hōʻike pū nā puʻupuʻu ʻōkaʻa i nā ʻano hypolipidemic a me nā antihyperglycemic. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻo Mevinolin i nā pae kolesterol. Hoʻohui ʻia, hana ʻia kahi hui mai nā ʻalalā ʻōmaka no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau antidiabetic. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻana i ka waha ʻana o nā wai iʻa oyster i nāʻiole diabetic i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i nā pae kō glucose.
Nui nā ʻano o nā ʻōhiʻa ohio e hana i nā meaola biologically e like me nā glucans, wikamina C a me phenol, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka hana o kekahi mau enzyme e hoʻemi ana i ka nezrosis o ke akepaʻa. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā mea kanu oyster e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kahe o ke koko, loaʻa nā ʻano palekana a me nā anti-kūnewa.
Hoʻoulu nā mushroom Oyster i ka pohō kaumaha. ʻO nā haualaki ʻōpelu, mahalo i ko lākou ʻike kiʻekiʻe i ka protein a me ka momona momona a me nā mea momona momona, kōkua i ka pohō kaumaha. No laila, inā e lilo ana ʻoe i ke kaupaona, e hoʻokomo pono i nā hua ʻōhi i loko o kāu papaʻai.
Hoʻopilikia i ka mushroom ʻōhika
ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia a lehulehu nā waiwai kūpono o nā ʻalalā ʻōhiʻa. Akā hiki ke hōʻeha i kēia mau mushroom i nā kānaka.
ʻO ka hōʻailona maopopo loa i ka lawe ʻole ʻana o ke kino i nā ʻalalā ʻōhiʻa i ka nui he ʻeha ʻōpū ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana o kekahi kanaka i nā momi i kēlā me kēia ʻano, palai ʻia a i hoʻolapalapa ʻia paha. ʻAʻohe mea contraindications kikoʻī. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o ka kaohi ʻana i ka meaʻai he hōʻailona ia i poina ka mea ʻai e pili ana i ka hewa o ka ʻai nui, ʻaʻole ka hopena ʻaoʻao o ka hake. I ka nui o ka nui, hoʻonāukiuki nā ʻōpala ʻōhū i ka bloating, hoʻonui i ka hoʻomohala ʻia o ke kōkō i loko o nā ʻōpū, e alakaʻi i ka maʻi diarrhea a me nā maʻi dyspeptic ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā pulupulu āpau, e like me nā ʻalalā ʻōhiʻa, lawe i kahi manawa lōʻihi e ʻeli i ka wahi digestive. Maikaʻi kēia i ke kino e huki i nā meaola hou aʻe, akā maikaʻi ʻole no ka ʻōpū maʻalea. ʻO nā momona oyster ke kumu o ka ʻeha ma ka ʻāpana epigastric i nā keiki a me nā ʻelemākule.
ʻO nā momona oyster he mea hoʻoweliweli i nā meaola koʻikoʻi. No laila, hoʻohana ʻia lākou me ke akahele no nā meaʻai āpau o ka meaʻai.
E like me nā ʻūlū ʻē aʻe, hoʻopau wale ʻia nā mushroom oyster ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wela, ʻoiai ʻo ka chitin i kahi mushroom maka weliweli i nā kānaka.
